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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, there is an increasing interest in the study of the role of brain dysfunction in the pathogenesis of symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD). More specifically, abnormal brain activities in patients with FD during the resting state have been proven by several positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is also a valuable tool in investigating spontaneous brain activity abnormalities in pathological conditions. In the present study, we examined the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional (f)ALFF changes in patients with FD by using fMRI. Twenty-nine patients with FD and sixteen healthy controls participated in this study. Between-group differences in ALFF/fALFF were examined using a permutation-based nonparametric test after accounting for the gender and age effects. The results revealed a significant between-group difference in fALFF but not in ALFF in multiple brain regions including the right insula, brainstem and cerebellum. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed that FD patients have increased correlations between the right cerebellum and multiple brain regions including the bilateral brainstem, bilateral cerebellum, bilateral thalamus, left para-/hippocampus, left pallidum and left putamen. Furthermore, fLAFF values in the right insula were positively correlated with the severity of the disease. These findings have provided further evidence of spontaneous brain activity abnormalities in FD patients which might contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease.
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PMID:Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation changes in functional dyspepsia: a resting-state fMRI study. 2360 63

Acupuncture has a good curative effect in the treatment of gastrointestinal system diseases, such as functional dyspepsia, ulcerative colitis, and constipation. The central nuclei which are involved in the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating the gastrointestinal system have become a research hotspot in recent years. In the present paper, the authors summarized the effect of acupuncture and the central nervous system on gastrointestinal function regulation. It was found that the regulation of gastrointestinal function by acupuncture involved many brain regions such as the amygdala, paraventricular nucleus, locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus, and dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve. Of these, the limbic brain region had the closest relation. However, the included studies were animal experiments, which involved less research on nuclear group interactions. The role of central nuclei in the regulation of gastrointestinal function by acupuncture is unclear. Thus, the introduction of more advanced brain imaging techniques to observe brain dysfunction of central nuclei and the relativity of acupuncture in regulating gastrointestinal function will be the focus in the future study, which will contribute to determining the effective mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion.
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PMID:[Progress on the Relationship Between the Regulation of Gastrointestinal System Function by Acupuncture and Central Nuclei]. 2907 22

Background and Summary: Traditionally, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), including functional dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are defined by more or less specific symptoms and the absence of structural or biochemical abnormalities that cause these symptoms. This concept is now considered to be outdated; if appropriate tests are applied, structural or biochemical abnormalities that explain or cause the symptoms may be found in many patients. Another feature of FGID are the highly prevalent psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety. It is implied that mood disorders "cause" gastrointestinal symptoms. In fact, epidemiological data now provide strong evidence that in subsets of cases, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms arise first and mood disorders occur later, while in other patients the reverse appears to happen. Possible mechanisms for gut-brain dysfunction have been identified, with systemic minimal inflammation as a causal factor in at least some subjects. Other mechanisms that play a role in FGID include chronic infections, intestinal microbiota, low-grade mucosal inflammation including the increase of eosinophils, systemic immune activation, altered intestinal permeability, in diarrhea predominant IBS altered bile salt metabolism, abnormalities in the serotonin metabolism and genetic factors. All these factors might be modulated by environmental factors such as diet. Key Messages: While a number of factors can be linked to specific symptoms (e.g., pain or diarrhea), it is evident that the symptom-based categorization of patients will not allow targeted treatments that specifically address the underlying pathophysiology.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Holistic Overview. 2942 8