Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Persons who contacted the Anorexia/Bulimia Association of Norway for information and stated that they had an eating disorder were asked to participate in this questionnaire study. The answers from the 32 women who fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa are presented. Usually the women's eating problems had started in the teens after a period of voluntary dieting. The mean duration of bulimia nervosa was six years. 31% had a history of anorexia nervosa. At the time of the study almost all had normal body weight, but nevertheless felt overweight. 78% practised self-induced vomiting, 22% used laxatives and 16% used diuretics to reduce weight. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were common in connection with the overeating episodes, but also more generally, which interfered with everyday life. Somatic symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, dyspepsia, headache, dry mouth and eyes, parotid gland swelling, muscular symptoms, fatigue, and oligomenorrhoea) were also common.
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PMID:[Bulimia nervosa and self-reported symptoms. A questionnaire study among 32 women with bulimia nervosa]. 147 Nov 6

Patients (n = 150) were randomized to a 6-week, double-blind study to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of mirtazapine, amitriptyline, and placebo in the treatment of major depressive disorder symptoms. Average daily modal doses were mirtazapine, 18 mg; amitriptyline, 111 mg; and placebo, 4.6 capsules. Mirtazapine- and amitriptyline-treated patients had statistically significantly greater mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score reductions (weekly visits 1, 2, 4, and endpoint) compared to placebo. These findings were supported by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS); and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scales. Somnolence and weight gain were the only adverse clinical experiences (ACEs) reported substantially more often by mirtazapine-treated patients than by those in the placebo group. However, more amitriptyline-treated patients reported decreased visual accommodation, dry mouth, dyspepsia, constipation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, discoordination, dizziness, and tremor than mirtazapine- or placebo-treated patients. Results of this study indicate that mirtazapine is more effective than placebo in the treatment of these patients, and superior to amitriptyline in respect to anticholinergic and cardiovascular effects.
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PMID:Mirtazapine vs. amitriptyline vs. placebo in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 223 55

One hundred consecutive patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and the endoscopic diagnosis of erosive prepyloric changes (EPC) were included in a 4-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either Al-Mg antacids (one tablet four times daily; acid-neutralizing capacity, 120 mmol/day) or antacid placebo, in combination with either pirenzepine (50 mg twice daily) or pirenzepine placebo. Ninety patients completed the study. Symptoms improved during the 4 weeks in all treatment groups, irrespective of the treatment given. Neither pirenzepine nor antacid was significantly superior to placebo. Re-endoscopy after 4 weeks of treatment showed no significant change in the EPC grade. No serious side effects were observed, but xerostomia occurred more frequently in patients treated with pirenzepine than in those treated with placebo (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Low-dose antacids and pirenzepine in the treatment of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and erosive prepyloric changes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 328 18

Citalopram, a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor with antidepressant properties, was assessed in three studies in 12 healthy subjects using a battery of EEG, psychological, subjective and symptomatic measures. Study A involved the administration of citalopram, 20 mg and 40 mg, amitriptyline 50 mg and placebo in single dose using a balanced cross-over design. The test battery was applied before, and 1 and 3 h after each drug. Citalopram decreased slow-wave EEG activity whereas amitriptyline increased power in most EEG wavebands. Citalopram increased tapping rate and symbol copying whereas amitriptyline impaired these and other psychomotor tasks. Subjectively, amitriptyline was much more sedative than citalopram and produced more complaints of dry mouth. Study B comprised the administration of citalopram in the usual clinical dose of 40 mg, amitriptyline in the low clinical dose of 75 mg and placebo, each given for 9 nights using a balanced cross-over design. The test battery was applied on the first morning (pre-drug) and on the morning after the last nightly dose. None of the physiological tests showed any drug effects. Subjectively, citalopram was associated with feelings of shaking, nausea, loss of appetite and physical tiredness; amitriptyline produced feelings of shaking, nausea, loss of appetite, dryness of mouth, irritability, dizziness and indigestion; in general, amitriptyline effects were more marked than those of citalopram. Plasma samples were taken on the last day and plasma concentrations of both drugs and their metabolites were found to be in the expected range for the regimens used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effects of citalopram in single and repeated doses and with alcohol on physiological and psychological measures in healthy subjects. 346 75

One hundred and eighty-one patients with treated Parkinson's disease completed a self-administered questionnaire on symptoms, and their responses were compared with those of 263 control subjects randomly selected from a general practice population. Nine symptoms were reported by the patients with more than a fivefold excess when compared with the controls. These included jerking of the limbs, shaking of the hands, excessive salivation, poor mental concentration, grimacing, being frozen or rooted to the spot, and hallucinations. Compared with the general control population, the patients did not have an excess of stomach or limb pain, indigestion, headache, or any decrease of interest in sex. This observational survey, unlike a randomised controlled trial, could not ensure that the different treatment groups were comparable in important respects. However, certain associations were apparent; for example, patients receiving both a decarboxylase inhibitor and levodopa tended to report fewer attacks of being frozen to the spot, fewer problems with salivation, and a reduced frequency of defaecation. Patients receiving anticholinergic drugs reported an excess of dry mouth, faintness, and dyskinesia, and fewer hot flushes.
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PMID:The symptoms of patients treated for Parkinson's disease. 400 65

In a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized study involving 523 patients, the analgesic efficacy of tramadol was compared to that of morphine given in repeated intravenous boluses as required to control post-operative pain following abdominal surgery over 24 h. Intravenous administration of the study analgesic started as soon as the patient reported pain. Patients received an initial dose (either tramadol 100 mg or morphine 5 mg) and, if necessary, repeat doses of tramadol 50 mg or morphine 5 mg could be given on demand over the first 90 min. Further doses up to a total of tramadol 400 mg or morphine 40 mg could then be given after 90 min up to 24 h after the first dose of study medication. The primary efficacy parameter was the responder rate (no or slight pain) within the first 90 min of treatment. Whilst responder rates reached 72.6% with tramadol and 81.2% with morphine, the treatments were statistically equivalent and the observed difference in the responder rates between the groups was within the predefined range of +/- 10%. Mean cumulative doses received by treatment responders amounted to 188.2 mg within the first 1.5 h and 157.1 mg during the subsequent 22.5 h in the tramadol group and 13.9 and 18.4 mg, respectively, in the morphine group. A high incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events were observed with both treatments mostly consisting of mild nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, dyspepsia and hiccups.
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PMID:Comparison of tramadol with morphine for post-operative pain following abdominal surgery. 884 69

The efficacy and tolerability of fluvoxamine (100-300 mg/day) and clomipramine (100-250 mg/day) were compared in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of 79 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without coexisting major depression. After a 2-week placebo lead-in period, patients were randomized to fluvoxamine (37 patients) or clomipramine (42 patients) for 10 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive scale, and Patient and Clinical Global Improvement scales. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores and somatic symptoms were also assessed. Seventy-eight percent of fluvoxamine patients and 64% of clomipramine patients completed the study. At the end of treatment, 56% of fluvoxamine patients were classified as responders (> or = 25% decrease in Y-BOCS score), compared with 54% of clomipramine patients. Both groups showed steady improvement throughout the study; no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for any efficacy variable at any time. A similar percentage of patients in both groups withdrew because of adverse events. No serious adverse events related to drug occurred with either drug. Insomnia, nervousness, and dyspepsia were more statistically frequent with fluvoxamine; dry mouth and postural hypotension were more frequent with clomipramine. In this study, fluvoxamine and clomipramine were equally effective in reducing OCD symptoms over a 10-week treatment period but displayed different side effect profiles.
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PMID:Fluvoxamine versus clomipramine for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind comparison. 869 Aug 27

Most patients with advanced cancer develop diverse symptoms that can limit the efficacy of pain treatment and undermine their quality of life. The present study surveys symptom prevalence, etiology and severity in 593 cancer patients treated by a pain service. Non-opioid analgesics, opioids and adjuvants were administered following the WHO-guidelines for cancer pain relief. Other symptoms were systematically treated by appropriate adjuvant drugs. Pain and symptom severity was measured daily by patient self-assessment; the physicians of the pain service assessed symptom etiology and the severity of confusion, coma and gastrointestinal obstruction at each visit. The patients were treated for an average period of 51 days. Efficacy of pain treatment was good in 70%, satisfactory in 16% and inadequate in 14% of patients. The initial treatment caused a significant reduction in the average number of symptoms from four to three. Prevalence and severity of anorexia, impaired activity, confusion, mood changes, insomnia, constipation, dyspepsia, dyspnoea, coughing, dysphagia and urinary symptoms were significantly reduced, those of sedation, other neuropsychiatric symptoms and dry mouth were significantly increased and those of coma, vertigo, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, intestinal obstruction, erythema, pruritus and sweating remained unchanged. The most frequent symptoms were impaired activity (74% of days), mood changes (22%), constipation (23%), nausea (23%) and dry mouth (20%). The highest severity scores were associated with impaired activity, sedation, coma, intestinal obstruction, dysphagia and urinary symptoms. Of all 23 symptoms, only constipation, erythema and dry mouth were assessed as being most frequently caused by the analgesic regimen. In conclusion, the high prevalence and severity of many symptoms in far advanced cancer can be reduced, if pain treatment is combined with systematic symptom control. Nevertheless, general, neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms are experienced during a major part of treatment time and pain relief was inadequate in 14% of patients. Cancer pain management has to be embedded in a frame of palliative care, taking all the possibilities of symptom management into consideration.
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PMID:Symptoms during cancer pain treatment following WHO-guidelines: a longitudinal follow-up study of symptom prevalence, severity and etiology. 1151 84

Nearly one-half of the most frequently reported and most distressing symptoms in patients with advanced cancer are gastrointestinal in nature. This prospective study was designed to assess the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms among inpatients admitted to a palliative medicine program with advanced cancer. Twenty-nine men and 2l women, with a median age of 64 years (range, 35-84), were interviewed about 17 gastrointestinal symptoms. Age, gender, diagnosis, and medication use were also recorded The most common diagnoses were cancers of the lung (n = 14), breast (n = 6), and prostate (n = 4). Dry mouth (84 percent), weight loss (76 percent), early satiety (71 percent), taste change (60 percent), constipation (58 percent), anorexia (56 percent), bloating (50 percent), nausea (48 percent), abdominal pain (42 percent), and vomiting (34 percent) were the 10 most common gastrointestinal symptoms. Women had more gastrointestinal symptoms than men (median 8 vs. 6, p = 0.018), although this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.11) after excluding gender-specific cancers. Women had more taste change and diarrhea than men after excluding gender-specific cancers (p = 0.036 and p = 0.046, respectively). Those with primary gastrointestinal cancers (n = 8) had more indigestion and hiccups than those with nongastrointestinal cancers (n = 39). There was no age difference in symptomatology. The drugs prescribed most commonly were opioids (n = 40), laxatives (n = 38), H2 blockers (n = 29), appetite stimulants (n = 29), and antiemetics (n = 29). Findings support that gastrointestinal symptoms are very common in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer and that the frequency and type of symptoms differ with gender and gastrointestinal vs. nongastrointestinal primary site.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal symptoms among inpatients with advanced cancer. 1226 82

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are apt to cause gastrointestinal adverse events such as nausea and dyspepsia. Gorei-san (TJ-17), which is composed of five herbs (Alismatis rhizoma, Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma, Polyporus, Hoelen, and Cinnamomi cortex), is a Japanese herbal medicine that has been used to treat nausea, dry mouth, edema, headache, and dizziness. The authors investigated the efficacy of TJ-17 for patients who experienced nausea or dyspepsia induced by SSRIs. Twenty outpatients who experienced nausea or dyspepsia induced by SSRIs were recruited for the study. Seventeen patients were female, three were male, and patient age ranged from 21 to 74 years (49.8 +/- 17.0 years). TJ-17 was added to the previous regimen. Nausea and dyspepsia disappeared completely in nine patients, decreased in four patients, decreased slightly in two patients, and did not change in five patients. No adverse events were associated with the addition of TJ-17 in any patient.
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PMID:Effectiveness of Gorei-san (TJ-17) for treatment of SSRI-induced nausea and dyspepsia: preliminary observations. 1278 11


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