Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The infectious diseases of the human intestinal tract which are caused by bacteria must be distinguished into two groups on account of their different pathogenesis: the cyclic infections (typhoid fever, parathyphoid fever) and the local infections (cholera, dysentery, Salmonella enteritis, dyspepsia coli infections). The local infections of the intestine do not cause a systemic but only a local immunity of the intestinal mucosa. It is necessary therefore to induce local immunity as active immunoprophylaxis by orally administering inactivated antigens. The twelve-fold enteritis vaccine consists of full antigens of 6 Salmonella strains, 2 Shigella strains, and 4 enteropathogenic coli strains pretreated by heat-inactivation (3 min/100 degrees C). The following should be considered as indication to effect active immunoprophylaxis against enteritis: Travelling into tropical and subtropical countries, people in emergency areas, children in developing countries, workers in food industries, secondary hospital infections, and carriers. The active mouse protection test revealed that oral immunization with enterobacteriaceae does not only deliver the well-known specific effect but also a non-specific effect which included the protection against other related enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, the specific component of the combined vaccine is enhanced by heterologous components. The resulting synergism or the adjuvantal effect, respectively, allows to employ a relatively limited number of germs which are selected on the basis of high pathogenicity, good immunogenicity, and great frequency. The first field trial with the twelve-fold vaccine was completed successfully: Following an infection with Salmonella which affected the employees of a fowl slaughtery, eight different species could be demonstrated; the above described polyvalent vaccine was orally administered and proved to be successful. The latter case clearly demonstrates the fast-acting effect of the vaccine on account of the heterologous bacterial antigens contained therein. 51 out of 60 Salmonella carriers excreted germs of a different antigen pattern not contained in the vaccine. However, the good results obtained showed that the species chosen for the vaccine were still sufficiently effective to cover the wide spectrum of other species of related enterobacteriaceae.
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PMID:[An oral enteritis-vaccine composed of twelve heat inactivated Enterobacteriaceae. 1. Communication: Theoretical and epidemiological considerations (author's transl)]. 4 83

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin followed by oral sultamicillin. Parenteral sulbactam/ampicillin was administered for 7 to 14 days to 152 in-patients with moderate to severe infections. All patients were treated with sulbactam/ampicillin, but only 140 patients received oral sultamicillin therapy. Eighty-nine men and 63 women participated in this study. Infections included intraabdominal (42 cases), respiratory tract (52 cases), skin and soft tissue (29 cases), urinary tract (16 cases), and miscellaneous infections (14 cases) that included typhoid fever, gastroenteritis, septicemia, and surgical wound infection. Six (4%) patients reported six study drug-related adverse experiences. Gastrointestinal side effects were most common and included epigastric burning and indigestion. Diarrhea was not reported and no patient discontinued drug therapy because of an adverse event. Laboratory abnormalities were infrequent and clinically insignificant. Overall, 98% of the 114 evaluable patients achieved clinical cure or improvement following treatment with sulbactam/ampicillin and sultamicillin. Cured or improved patients in each diagnostic group were 97% for intraabdominal infections, 100% for respiratory tract infections, 100% for skin and soft tissue infections, 100% for urinary tract infection, and 91% for other types of infections. Only 2 (2%) patients were judged to be treatment failures. Microbiologic efficacy, or eradication, was 86% overall, ranging from 75 to 100%. Persistence of pathogens occurred in 5%, and eradication with development of a superinfection occurred in 4%. Fifty-seven percent (30/50) of the isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin alone whereas only 21% (9/42) were resistant to sulbactam/ampicillin (p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sulbactam/ampicillin followed by oral treatment with sultamicillin for medical and surgical infections. 268 17

More than 60 species of medicinal plants belong to the genus Angelica (Family: Apiaceae). Many of these species have long been used in ancient traditional medicine systems, especially in the far-east. Various herbal preparations containing Angelica species are available over-the-counter, not only in the far-eastern countries, but also in the western countries like USA, UK, Germany, etc. For centuries, many species of this genus, e.g. A. acutiloba, A. archangelica, A. atropupurea, A. dahurica, A. japonica, A. glauca, A. gigas, A. koreana, A. sinensis, A. sylvestris, etc., have been used traditionally as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, expectorant and diaphoretic, and remedy for colds, flu, influenza, hepatitis, arthritis, indigestion, coughs, chronic bronchitis, pleurisy, typhoid, headaches, wind, fever, colic, travel sickness, rheumatism, bacterial and fungal infections and diseases of the urinary organs. Active principles isolated from these plants mainly include various types of coumarins, acetylenic compounds, chalcones, sesquiterpenes and polysaccharides. This review evaluates the importance of the genus Angelica in relation to its traditional medicinal uses, alternative medicinal uses in the modern society and potential for drug development, and summarises results of various scientific studies on Angelica species or Angelica-containing preparations for their bioactivities including, antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumour, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, etc.
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PMID:Natural medicine: the genus Angelica. 1518 May 79

Enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi is a major public health problem. Typhoid carriers have high titres of Vi agglutinins in their sera. We worked out the baseline data for Vi agglutinins from 705 healthy blood donors (controls) by ELISA and compared it with 446 patients with biliary, gastrointestinal and other related diseases (cases). The samples were divided into five groups based on the disease condition of the patients from whom they were collected. Group A (n=196) consisted of patients with stones in the gall bladder/common bile duct and Group B (n=27) with gall bladder carcinoma. Group C (n=33) comprised patients with carcinoma of the pancreas/ampulla, obstructive jaundice and/or cholangiocarcinoma. Group D (n=112) had patients with acute/chronic pancreatitis, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, carcinoma oesophagus, chronic diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding and dyspepsia. Group E (n=78) included patients with miscellaneous diseases. The mean absorbance value obtained for healthy subjects +3 standard deviations was taken as the cut-off value for a positive typhoid carrier. In Group A, 10.2% samples were positive; in Group B, 7.4%; in Group C, 12.0%; in Group D, 9.8% and in Group E, 9.0%. There was a highly significant (P <0.001) increase in the presence of Vi agglutinins in the cases compared to the controls. High prevalence of typhoid carriers occurs in patients with biliary, gastrointestinal and other related diseases. Vi serology employing highly purified Vi antigen offers a practical and cost-effective way of screening for S. Typhi carriers.
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PMID:Epidemiology of typhoid carriers among blood donors and patients with biliary, gastrointestinal and other related diseases. 1572 95

Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888), famous in her own time and immortalized in ours as a major figure of the "American Renaissance," died at the age of 55 after intermittent suffering over 20 years. Her illnesses evoked intense interest in her time and in ours. Alcott tracked her signs and symptoms (in letters and journal entries), which included headaches and vertigo, rheumatism, musculo-skeletal pain, and skin rashes; in her final years she recorded severe dyspepsia with symptoms of obstruction, and headaches compatible with severe hypertension. Her death came suddenly with a stroke. Standard biographies propose that her illnesses were due to acute mercury poisoning from inorganic mercury medication she received for a bout of typhoid in 1863, a cause she herself believed. We have reviewed Alcott's observations, as well as those of others, and have determined that acute mercury poisoning could not have caused her long-term complaints. We propose instead that Alcott suffered a multi-system disease, possibly originating from effects of mercury on the immune system. A portrait of Alcott raises the possibility that she had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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PMID:Louisa May Alcott: her mysterious illness. 1746 41