Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind, crossover study, 10 cirrhotic patients (Child B rating) with steatorrhoea (daily output of faecal fat greater than 8 g) and dyspepsia were placed on a controlled diet for 14 days. Patients then received 150 mg ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or placebo twice daily for 14 days. Faecal fat excretion was reduced from 14.7 to 10.6 g/day by UDCA and dyspepsia symptom scores were also reduced. Serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations declined significantly (P less than 0.02) following UDCA treatment, whereas serum bile acid levels increased from 35 to 40.5 microM and the percentage of UDCA increased to 22%. It is concluded that UDCA may be useful for many of the symptoms present in patients with liver cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Steatorrhoea in cirrhosis: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid administration. 222 76

Somatostatinoma is one of the rarest tumours of the endocrine pancreas. Cardinal manifestations of a somatostatinoma include gallstones, mild diabetes mellitus, steatorrhoea, diarrhoea and dyspepsia. Like any other pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, a somatostatinoma may also produce several different hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone, calcitonin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, insulin, and glucagon. In many cases, the clinical picture is dominated by the effect of these other hormones. We present a patient with somatostatinoma in which an immunocytochemical study of the specimens from pancreas and liver showed a weak positive reaction for gastrin besides a strong positive reaction for somatostatin. Interestingly, this patient also showed the signs of carcinoid syndrome which was successfully treated with octreotide.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoid syndrome due to a malignant somatostatinoma. 749 79

The therapeutical efficiency of the new enzyme preparation Triase which contains microbial lipase, protease, and alpha-amylase was studied in dogs with experimental pancreatic failure. Enzyme maldigestion was made by bandaging the great pancreatic duct with pancreatic trypsin injection. The daily therapeutical dose of Triase (4 tablets) eliminated dyspepsia, creatorrhoea, restored body weight. But steatorrhoea was not abolished completely. The fecal fat content decreased to 22.1% versus 33.2% for untreated dogs following 8 weeks of the experiment. The enzyme therapy led to a more rapid reduction in blood amylase and lipase activities. This testifies that pancreatitis ran less severely.
 ...
PMID:[The therapeutic efficacy of the triase preparation in experimental pancreatic exocrine insufficiency]. 775 59

In clinical practice, exogenous pancreatic enzymes are administered for the treatment of pancreatogenic steatorrhea or with the intention to relieve pain due to chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, a large number of patients take pancreatin (i.e., exogenous pancreatic enzymes) for functional dyspepsia. The effect of exogenous pancreatic enzymes on the enteropancreatic axis is a complex issue. Intraduodenal but not intrajejunal protease activity appears to exert a dose-dependent negative feedback on exocrine pancreatic secretion. Only enzymes with a proteolytic activity but not amylase and lipase exert a control on pancreatic secretion. The mechanism responsible for this feedback regulation is debated, but the cholinergic system seems to play a major role. Intraduodenal pancreatic enzymes (pancreatin) lead to an increased release of pancreatic polypeptide but do not affect the release of insulin and glucagon. In addition, pancreatic enzymes have an influence on the release of some gastrointestinal hormones (i.e., cholecystokinin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide). Neither exogenous nor endogenous pancreatic enzymes seem to play a major role in the regulation of interdigestive gastrointestinal motility. However, an adequate rate of postprandial pancreatic output is required to control gastric emptying. Current knowledge on the effect of exogenous pancreatic enzymes on the enteropancreatic axis, gut peptide release and gastrointestinal motility are updated in the present article.
 ...
PMID:Effect of exogenous pancreatic enzymes on gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormone release and gastrointestinal motility. 822 68

The Authors report the experience acquired in the management of small bowel diverticula at the Emergency Surgical Department of the University of Bari, from 1987 to 1993. After a brief illustration of the few cases observed, the Authors discuss the problems of this rare pathology, which as all types of bowel diverticula, is diagnosed with difficulty. In fact, only in case of complications, with a specific check-up, the lesions may be discovered. Although rarely, emergency surgery may be needed when complications such as bleeding or occlusion occur. Usually the treatment of minor complications (dyspepsia, gripes, steatorrhoea, constipation and diarrhoea) consists of dietetic indications and symptomatic drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Diverticula of the small intestine: the authors' own experience]. 864 43

Thyroid disease is common, and its effects on the gastrointestinal system are protean, affecting most hollow organs. Hashimoto disease, the most common cause of hypothyroidism, may be associated with an esophageal motility disorder presenting as dysphagia or heartburn. Dyspepsia, nausea, or vomiting may be due to delayed gastric emptying. Abdominal discomfort, flatulence, and bloating occur in those with bacterial overgrowth and improve with antibiotics. Reduced acid production may be due to autoimmune gastritis or low gastrin levels. Constipation may result from diminished motility, leading to an ileus, megacolon, or rarely pseudoobstruction. Ascites in myxedema is characterized by a high protein concentration. Graves' disease accounts for 60% to 80% of thyrotoxicosis. Hyperthyroidism is accompanied by normal gastric emptying with low acid production, partly due to an autoimmune gastritis with hypergastrinemia. Transit time from mouth to cecum is accelerated, resulting in diarrhea. Steatorrhea is due to hyperphagia and stimulation of the adrenergic system. Diarrhea in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) may be due to elevated calcitonin, prostaglandins, or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Ileal or colonic function may be abnormal. The esophagus may be compressed by benign processes, but more often by malignancies. MRI and CT scans are the best diagnostic modalities. The gastrointestinal manifestations of thyroid disease are generally due to reduced motility in hypothyroidism, increased motility in hyperthyroidism, autoimmune gastritis, or esophageal compression by a thyroid process. Symptoms usually resolve with treatment of the thyroid disease.
 ...
PMID:The thyroid and the gut. 2035 69

Somatostatinomas are rare pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PEN). We present a case of a PEN in a 63-year-old lady having diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, steatorrhea, weight loss, indigestion, nausea and fatigue. Ultrasonography revealed a large calcified mass occupying the liver, pancreas and emboli in the splenic vein. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the metastatic mass in the liver showed features of neuroendocrine tumor. Correlating the clinical picture, computed tomography and cytological findings, a diagnosis of pancreatic somatostatinoma was suggested. Serum somatostatin levels and biopsy findings confirmed the same. The patient was put on chemotherapeutic agents and octreotide and is doing well after two years of follow-up. We discuss the FNAC findings of pancreatic endocrine tumors and its differentiating features from hepatoma and other small round cell tumors.
 ...
PMID:FNAC diagnosis of pancreatic somatostatinoma. 2193 82

The incidence of the diverticulum of the small bowel varies from 0.2-1.3% in autopsy studies to 2.3% when assessed on enteroclysis. It occurs mostly in patients in the 6th decade of their life. Of all the small bowel diverticuli, jejunal diverticulum is the most common type. This rare entity is usually asymptomatic. However, they may cause chronic non-specific symptoms for a long period of time like dyspepsia, chronic postprandial pain, nausea, vomiting, borborgymi, alternating diarrhoea and constipation, weight loss, anaemia, steatorrhea or rarely lead to complications like haemorrhage, obstruction, perforation. Obstruction can be due to enterolith, adhesions, intussusception, and volvulus. The condition is difficult to diagnose because patients are generally presented with symptoms that mimic other diseases. It is important for clinicians to have awareness of this entity. Here, we present a case of multiple jejunal diverticuli with a history of repeated attacks of diverticulitis over past 20 years, which were misdiagnosed and now presented with intestinal obstruction due to volvulus of the involved segment along with mesentery around its axis. Resection of the diverticuli segment of jejunum was done with end-to-end jejuno-jejunal anastomosis. The patient is asymptomatic since 10 months of follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Complicated Jejunal Diverticulosis: Small Bowel Volvulus with Obstruction. 2785 37

Among the neuroendocrine neoplasia, the pancreatic somatostatin-producing tumors are very rare. Usually functional, these tumors produce the somatostatinoma syndrome, which encompasses diabetes mellitus, diarrhea/steatorrhoea, and cholelithiasis. Other symptoms may include dyspepsia, weight loss, anemia, and hypochlorhydria. All theses symptoms are explained by the inhibitory actions of the somatostatin released by tumoral cells originated from pancreatic delta cells or endocrine cells of the digestive tract. The diagnosis is easy to overlook since these symptoms are commonly observed in other more common syndromes. Besides the clinical features, diagnosis is based on serum determination of somatostatin, and imaging exams, such as ultrasound, computer tomography and positron emission tomography. Pathologic examination is characterized by the positivity of immunohistochemical reaction for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and somatostatin. These tumors can be classified according to tumor size, mitotic index, neural or vascular invasion, and distant metastases. The authors describe the case of a 61-year-old female patient who sought medical care because of a 6-month history of watery diarrhea, weight loss, and depression. She was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 3 years ago. Imaging examination revealed a tumoral mass of 4 cm in its longest axis in the topography of the head of the pancreas and calculous cholecistopathy. The patient's clinical status was unfavorable for a surgical approach. She died after 20 days of hospitalization. The definitive diagnosis was achieved with the autopsy findings, which disclosed a pancreatic somatostatinoma.
 ...
PMID:Somatostatinoma syndrome: a challenging differential diagnosis among pancreatic tumors. 3152 95