Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight Turkish refugees living in Denmark were examined by the authors in the period 1984-85. Fourteen of the persons alleged having been tortured in Turkey during the period 1980-83. The remaining 14 persons reported that they had not been tortured and thus acted as controls. All the testimonies were found valid according to a method previously used by us. The most common forms of violence reported were blows and electrical torture. Blindfolding, solitary confinement and threats were also frequent. At the time of examination the main mental complaints were sleep disturbances with nightmares and impaired memory. Emotional lability and concentration disturbances were also frequent. Physically the torture victims suffered from headache, various cardio-pulmonary and muscular pains, dyspepsia and reading disturbances. All reported that they had been healthy before torture. The clinical examination revealed only a few signs related to torture, although examples of minimal scars, fractured or missing teeth, discrete neurological disorders and mental depression were found. The 14 controls had significantly fewer complaints, and almost no abnormalities were found during the clinical examination. The present study clearly demonstrates the traumatic effects of torture.
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PMID:Sequelae to torture. A controlled study of torture victims living in exile. 333 88

In a consecutive study of 101 patients with IBS and at least one year of complaints, the presence of somatic and mental symptoms were measured. By definition all patients had abdominal pain and/or disturbed bowel function in the absence of organic disease. The most prominent symptom of indigestion was abdominal distension. Many patients also had complaints of food intolerance and avoided bulk forming agents such as fruits and vegetables. Symptoms associated with the upper gastrointestinal tract such as burning sensations in the epigastrium nausea and acid regurgitation were seen in a majority of the patients. Mental symptoms were seen in almost all patients. A majority had complaints of inner tension, worrying over trifles, autonomic disturbances and muscular tension. Symptoms referred to the neurasthenic syndrome were also frequently seen, such as fatiguability and irritable and hostile feelings. Common depression symptoms were sadness and feelings of helplessness. Other mental symptoms of importance were phobias, sleep disturbances, reduced sexual interest, loss of appetite and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our conclusion is that patients with IBS frequently have upper gastrointestinal and mental symptoms which should be taken into account searching for more rational methods of treatment.
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PMID:Symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. 696 23

The prevalence of sleep disturbances was studied in patients with severe non-ulcer dyspepsia. It was also considered if the change in sleep pattern was associated with changes in the rhythmic fasting motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract, and if motor events correlate with the patient's symptoms. Motor activity in the duodenum was monitored over a 24 hour period under freely ambulatory conditions in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with severe non-ulcer dyspepsia using a transnasally placed catheter with six solid state pressure transducers connected to a digital data logging device. Symptoms and sleep disturbance were assessed by questionnaire and diary. Based on their symptoms, the patients were separated into two groups: those with dyspepsia symptoms only (non-ulcer dyspepsia; n = 5) and those with dyspepsia and additional functional symptoms thought to arise from the lower gastrointestinal tract (non-ulcer dyspepsia+irritable bowel syndrome; n = 5). When compared with either the control or the non-ulcer dyspepsia+irritable bowel syndrome group, non-ulcer dyspepsia patients had a considerably decreased number of migrating motor complexes during the nocturnal period (0.7 v 4.6), a decreased percentage of nocturnal phase I (5.2% v 78.0%), and an increased percentage of the nocturnal period in phase II (94% v 15.4%). Patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia+irritable bowel syndrome were not different from normal controls. Four of the non-ulcer dyspepsia patients and all of the non-ulcer dyspepsia+irritable bowel syndrome patients reported difficulties with sleep. Clusters of high amplitude tonic and phasic activity, not accompanied by subjective reports of discomfort were noted in several patients in both groups during the study. In eight of 10 patients, abdominal pain was reported during normal motor activity, while in one patient, pain correlated with phase III of the migrating motor complex. In contrast with previous reports in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, our findings suggest an abnormality of diurnal rhythmicity--shown in changed sleep and changed rhythmic duodenal motor activity--in patients with chronic abdominal pain thought to arise from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Sleep and duodenal motor activity in patients with severe non-ulcer dyspepsia. 806 19

Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that psychiatric symptoms are associated with obesity and abdominal distribution of body fat in women. The aim of the present study was to examine this in middle-aged men. In 1992 a cluster selected cohort of 1040 men born in 1944 (participation rate 79.9%) was examined. Registrations of symptoms of depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances, psychosomatic disease as well as degree of life satisfaction were analyzed in relation to body mass index (BMI) and the waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR). In univariate analyses both BMI and WHR correlated with these factors. BMI and WHR were, however, closely interrelated (p = 0.61), necessitating analyses of separate, independent relationships in multivariate analyses. When adjusted for WHR all the significant relationships with BMI disappeared. In contrast the WHR, adjusted for BMI, showed remaining significant associations with the use of anxiolytics (p = 0.018), hypnotics (p = 0.029), antidepressive drugs (p = 0.008), degree of melancholy (p = 0.002), and life satisfaction (p = 0.002, negative), difficulties to sleep (p = 0.014) and fall asleep (p = 0.047), tendency to wake up from sleep (borderline, p = 0.070) and dyspepsia (p < 0.001). Since smoking and alcohol are known to influence on the WHR, these factors were, in addition to BMI, entered into the analyses as confounding variables. The mentioned associations then remained statistical significant (use of hypnotics borderline, p = 0.074) except difficulties to fall asleep and tendency to wake up. It was concluded that in contrast to BMI, the WHR is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety with associated sleep disturbances, as well as psychosomatic symptoms and dissatisfaction. It was hypothesized that the mechanism involved might be increased secretion of cortisol, directing storage fat to central adipose tissue depots.
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PMID:Mental distress, obesity and body fat distribution in middle-aged men. 873 58

Our purpose in conducting this descriptive study was to assess the health-related concerns and experiences of a sample of employed perimenopausal women in Alexandria, Egypt. In addition, we explored their help-seeking behavior and their perception of symptoms. We interviewed two hundred working women ages 40-60 years, 42% of whom were nurses, using a semistructured interview form as well as Koos's list of symptoms. The commonly mentioned concerns, in order of frequency, were chronic headaches, chronic fatigue, transportation and phone communication problems, financial problems, job dissatisfaction, backaches, hypertension, kidney disease and gall bladder disease, gastritis/indigestion, menstrual disturbances, arthritis, AIDS, and hepatitis B. With respect to the problems experienced by the women in the past 6 months, there was a high self-reported prevalence of headaches, fatigue, transportation and communication problems, backaches, job dissatisfaction, dissatisfaction with health insurance, financial problems, menstrual disturbances, gastritis/indigestion, gall bladder disease, anxiety, disturbed sleep, and hypertension. Women attempted to manage their problems mainly by taking over-the-counter drugs and self-prescribing (75.5%), doing nothing or using traditional remedies (56.5%), and going to a doctor or health insurance office (40%). Symptoms perceived by the majority of the women as not needing medical attention included loss of appetite, persistent backache, bleeding gums, chronic fatigue, persistent headaches, and loss of weight. The influence of education and occupation on women's perceptions and practices is discussed.
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PMID:Health-related concerns and experiences of employed perimenopausal women in Alexandria, Egypt. 885 19

Previous epidemiological studies have confirmed the clinical impression that functional gastrointestinal disorders typically overlap with fibromyalgia (FM) in the same patient, suggesting a common etiology. FM syndrome occurs in up to 60% of patients with functional bowel disorders. Up to 50% of patients with a diagnosis of FM syndrome complain of symptoms characteristic of functional dyspepsia and 70% have symptoms of IBS. These two conditions have common clinical characteristics: (1) the majority of patients associate stressful life events with the initiation or exacerbation of symptoms, (2) the majority of patients complain of disturbed sleep and fatigue, (3) psychotherapy and behavioral therapies are efficacious in treating symptoms, and (4) low-dose tricyclic antidepressant medication can improve symptoms. Despite these similarities, their perceptual responses to both somatic and visceral stimuli differ. While FM patients characteristically exhibit somatic hyperalgesia, IBS patients without coexistent FM have somatic hypoalgesia to mechanical stimuli. Visceral distention studies have also demonstrated perceptual alterations in patients with IBS and FM although these findings appear to differ in the two conditions. Further studies will help explore the mechanisms which are responsible for the similarities and differences in clinical symptoms and physiologic parameters seen in IBS and FM.
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PMID:The association of functional gastrointestinal disorders and fibromyalgia. 1002 70

Arthritis is a painful and disabling condition. To suppress the pain and the inflammatory process, patients are often chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users. Chronic use of NSAIDs may induce peptic ulcer, dyspeptic problems and heartburn. Therefore, these patients are often provided with treatment to relieve and/or protect against gastrointestinal problems. Rheumatic disorders also affect a range of health-related quality of life domains. In one study, patients with NSAID-associated gastroduodenal lesions complained about lack of energy, sleep disturbances, emotional distress and social isolation in addition to pain and mobility limitations. The degree of distress and dysfunction differed markedly from scores in an unselected population. Clinical trial data suggest that acid-suppressing therapy with omeprazole is superior to therapy with misoprostol and ranitidine in healing gastroduodenal lesions and preventing abdominal pain, heartburn and indigestion symptoms during continued NSAID treatment. Because arthritic patients are severely incapacitated by their condition regarding most aspects of health-related quality of life, it is important to offer a treatment that is effective in healing and preventing NSAID-induced ulcers and gastrointestinal symptoms during continued NSAID treatment without further compromising the patients' quality of life. Treatment with omeprazole once daily has been shown to be superior to that with ranitidine and misoprostol in this respect.
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PMID:Quality of life in arthritis patients using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 1020 31

Common medical problems are often associated with abnormalities of sleep. Patients with chronic medical disorders often have fewer hours of sleep and less restorative sleep compared to healthy individuals, and this poor sleep may worsen the subjective symptoms of the disorder. Individuals with lung disease often have disturbed sleep related to oxygen desaturations, coughing, or dyspnea. Both obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung diseases are associated with poor quality sleep. Awakenings from sleep are common in untreated or undertreated asthma, and cause sleep disruption. Gastroesophageal reflux is a major cause of disrupted sleep due to awakenings from heartburn, dyspepsia, acid brash, coughing, or choking. Patients with chronic renal disease commonly have sleep complaints often due to insomnia, insufficient sleep, sleep apnea, or restless legs syndrome. Complaints related to sleep are very common in patients with fibromyalgia and other causes of chronic pain. Sleep disruption increases the sensation of pain and decreases quality of life. Patients with infectious diseases, including acute viral illnesses, HIV-related disease, and Lyme disease, may have significant problems with insomnia and hypersomnolence. Women with menopause have from insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome, or fibromyalgia. Patients with cancer or receiving cancer therapy are often bothered by insomnia or other sleep disturbances that affect quality of life and daytime energy. The objective of this article is to review frequently encountered medical conditions and examine their impact on sleep, and to review frequent sleep-related problems associated with these common medical conditions.
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PMID:Sleep-related problems in common medical conditions. 1920 22

Fibromyalgia syndrome is characterized by chronic generalized pain accompanied by a broad symptomatologic spectrum. Besides chronic fatigue, sleep disturbances, headaches and cognitive dysfunction that are extensively described in the literature, a considerable proportion of patients with fibromyalgia experience gastrointestinal symptoms that are commonly overlooked in the studies that are not specifically dedicated to evaluate these manifestations. Nevertheless, various attempts were undertaken to explore the gastrointestinal dimension of fibromyalgia. Several studies have demonstrated an elevated comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among patients with fibromyalgia. Other studies have investigated the frequency of presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms in fibromyalgia in a nonspecific approach describing several gastrointestinal complaints frequently reported by these patients such as abdominal pain, dyspepsia and bowel changes, among others. Several underlying mechanisms that require further investigation could serve as potential explanatory hypotheses for the appearance of such manifestations. These include sensitivity to dietary constituents such as gluten, lactose or FODMAPs or alterations in the brain-gut axis as a result of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or subclinical enteric infections such as giardiasis. The gastrointestinal component of fibromyalgia constitutes a relevant element of the multidisciplinary pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying fibromyalgia that need to be unveiled, as this would contribute to the adequate designation of relevant treatment alternatives corresponding to these manifestations.
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PMID:An insight into the gastrointestinal component of fibromyalgia: clinical manifestations and potential underlying mechanisms. 2511 30

Newer generation antidepressant drugs (ADs) are widely used as the first line of treatment for major depressive disorders and are considered to be safer than tricyclic agents. In this critical review, we evaluated the literature on adverse events, tolerability and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone, agomelatine, vilazodone, levomilnacipran and vortioxetine. Several side effects are transient and may disappear after a few weeks following treatment initiation, but potentially serious adverse events may persist or ensue later. They encompass gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, diarrhea, gastric bleeding, dyspepsia), hepatotoxicity, weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular disturbances (heart rate, QT interval prolongation, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension), genitourinary symptoms (urinary retention, incontinence), sexual dysfunction, hyponatremia, osteoporosis and risk of fractures, bleeding, central nervous system disturbances (lowering of seizure threshold, extrapyramidal side effects, cognitive disturbances), sweating, sleep disturbances, affective disturbances (apathy, switches, paradoxical effects), ophthalmic manifestations (glaucoma, cataract) and hyperprolactinemia. At times, such adverse events may persist after drug discontinuation, yielding iatrogenic comorbidity. Other areas of concern involve suicidality, safety in overdose, discontinuation syndromes, risks during pregnancy and breast feeding, as well as risk of malignancies. Thus, the rational selection of ADs should consider the potential benefits and risks, likelihood of responsiveness to the treatment option and vulnerability to adverse events. The findings of this review should alert the physician to carefully review the appropriateness of AD prescription on an individual basis and to consider alternative treatments if available.
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PMID:The Safety, Tolerability and Risks Associated with the Use of Newer Generation Antidepressant Drugs: A Critical Review of the Literature. 2750 1


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