Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although numerous NSAIDs are available for use in the management of rheumatic disease, most of the members of this large class of drugs possess very similar characteristics. The great majority are acidic compounds. The acidity of the drugs allow distribution not only into inflamed tissues but also the kidneys and gastric mucosa. It is likely that these compounds produce anti-inflammatory analgesia by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. As a result of these similarities, NSAIDs have in general relative similar efficacy and toxicity when used in appropriate dosages. Common adverse effects include dyspepsia, gastritis, mucosal ulcers, interstitial nephritis and acute renal failure. Most of the adverse effects associated with the clinical use of these drugs are related to their effect on prostaglandin production. In some susceptible individuals, the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may result in a potentially fatal bronchospastic episode. Most clinical trials fail to consistently distinguish between NSAIDs. Patients however often develop distinct preferences for certain NSAIDs. The reason for this is still obscure but may reflect subtle pharmacological differences between these drugs. NSAIDs with short half-lives are quite effective on an 8 or 12 hourly dosage regimen. Compounds with longer half-lives may be associated with accumulation in the elderly and hence a higher risk of toxicity. The use of NSAIDs in the management of rheumatic disease should therefore be highly individualised.
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PMID:NSAIDS--a consideration of their efficacy and toxicity. 265 71

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome provoked by the injury to skeletal muscles and the release of muscle cell contents into the plasma. The aetiology and clinical course are extremely variable. This is sometimes the reason of the diagnostic difficulties or even errors. Acute renal failure is the often and serious complication of rhabdomyolysis. The correct and early diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is a key to successful treatment and prevention of the possible complications. Two cases of rhabdomyolysis with different aetiology and clinical course are presented in this paper. A 39-year-old man was admitted with the symptoms of dyspepsia. During the first day he developed the acute renal failure and later the acute respiratory failure. The initial serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity was about 225,000 U/L. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis and respiratory therapy were performed. A 25-year-old man was admitted with the swollen leg of the uncertain origin. His initial CPK activity was 18,993 U/L. The patient was treated with the infusions of fluids and sodium bicarbonate. He did not develop renal failure. Despite of the initial diagnostic doubts, in both cases the outcome was excellent.
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PMID:[Two cases of rhabdomyolysis with a different clinical course]. 1456 8

The frequency of milk-alkali syndrome decreased rapidly after the development of histamine-2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease; however, the availability and overconsumption of antacids and calcium supplements can still place patients at risk (D. P. Beall et al., 2006). Here we describe a patient who presented with altered mental status, hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute renal failure in the context of ingesting large amounts of antacids to control dyspepsia.
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PMID:Antacids, altered mental status, and milk-alkali syndrome. 2343 78

The milk-alkali syndrome was a common cause of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal failure in the early 20th century. It was caused by the ingestion of large quantities of milk and absorbable alkali to treat peptic ulcer disease. The syndrome virtually vanished after introduction of histamine-2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors. More recently, a similar condition called the calcium-alkali syndrome has emerged as a common cause of hypercalcemia and alkalosis. It is usually caused by the ingestion of large amounts of calcium carbonate salts to prevent or treat osteoporosis and dyspepsia. We describe a 78-year-old woman who presented with weakness, malaise, and confusion. She was found to have hypercalcemia, acute renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis. Upon further questioning, she reported use of large amounts of calcium carbonate tablets to treat recent heartburn symptoms. Calcium supplements were discontinued, and she was treated with intravenous normal saline. After 5 days, the calcium and bicarbonate levels normalized and renal function returned to baseline. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of the calcium-alkali syndrome as well as the differences between the traditional and modern syndromes.
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PMID:The calcium-alkali syndrome. 2354 83

Bismuth is a chemical element symbolized as Bi and is a trivalent poor metal, which chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) and bismuth subsalicylate are the bismuth salts widely used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, functional dyspepsia, and chronic gastritis. Intoxications with CBS are rare. In a few case reports, acute renal failure was described, but the literature review revealed no chronic renal failure related to CBS intoxication. In this case report we present a 21-year old female with chronic renal failure after a one year follow-up of CBS intoxication.
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PMID:A case of bismuth intoxication with irreversible renal damage. 2423 91