Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness and tolerance of the new sulphonyl urea antidiabetic gliquidone (commercial name Glurenorm) was tested by three-month administration of this preparation in a group of 39 type 2 diabetics. Gliquidone proved a medium-strength beta-cytotropic antidiabetic preparation. As to side-effects, the authors noted only dyspepsia in one patient (2.5%). Symptomatic hypoglycaemia did not develop in any of the patients. In the subgroup of six patients with diabetic nephropathy the indicators of renal functions did not deteriorate. In a sub-group of 6 patients with concurrent hepatopathy the originally elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity receded. The authors confirmed thus the good tolerance of gliquidone in diabetes associated with nephropathy and diabetes with hepatopathy.
 ...
PMID:[Multicenter study with gliquidone in type 2 diabetes mellitus]. 177 8

The most common toxicities of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are gastropathy, renal dysfunction, and liver function abnormalities. We outline an approach to monitoring patients on long-term NSAID therapy, focusing on the early detection of complications. Gastropathy caused by NSAID use is more common in elderly patients or those with a history of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, or alcohol abuse. Fecal occult blood testing and hemograms are less accurate in detecting gastropathy than direct visualization but are convenient and relatively inexpensive. We recommend the periodic use of these tests to detect NSAID-induced acute or chronic blood loss. Renal toxicity is seen in patients with preexisting renal disease or functional volume depletion and in the elderly. Complications include renal insufficiency, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and protein-uria. Renal function should be monitored during the first few weeks of NSAID therapy, especially in high-risk patients, with periodic testing thereafter. Hepatic toxicity is less common but warrants occasional determinations of alanine aminotransferase levels. Elderly patients and those with renal insufficiency or alcohol abuse have a higher risk of complications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used cautiously in those patients at high risk for complications. Strategies can be used to limit toxicity. Patients taking these drugs long term should be monitored periodically for signs of blood loss, renal dysfunction, and hepatic dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Proposed guidelines for monitoring toxicity. 187 28

The milk-alkali syndrome is the association of hypercalcaemia and renal failure, with or without alkalosis, in the presence of absorption of excessive quantities of calcium, alkali, or both. Two patients with the milk-alkali syndrome are described, one representing an acute, reversible disorder and the other demonstrating a chronic syndrome with only partially reversible renal disease. Differential diagnosis is not difficult and is usually aided by the initial clinical evaluation as well as rapid response to conservative therapy. Because the initial stages of renal insufficiency are often fully reversible, the early identification and treatment of the milk-alkali syndrome can prevent progression to irreversible, chronic renal failure. Although non-absorbable antacids, H2 blockers, and sucralphate are the basis of modern treatment of peptic ulcer disease, the syndrome may still occur, especially in patients who self-treat symptoms of dyspepsia.
 ...
PMID:The 'milk-alkali' syndrome: two case reports with discussion of pathogenesis. 400 10

The incidence of renal impairment secondary to the abuse of analgesic compounds now accounts for a significant proportion of patients requiring renal replacement therapy. The clinical features of 100 cases of analgesic nephropathy are described; essentially these consist of otherwise unexplained renal impairment, urinary tract symptoms, radiological changes and sterile pyuria, often associated with dyspepsia, anemia and psychiatric disturbances. The classical pathological changes consist of interstitial nephritis and progressive reduction in renal size, secondary to repeated episodes of papillary necrosis. Cessation of analgesic abuse usually arrests the deterioration in renal function, and indeed some recovery of function may occur.
 ...
PMID:Renal disease due to analgesics. I. Recognition of the problem of analgesic nephropathy. 463 49

The discussion reports on the history, etiology, and the relationship of prostaglandins to primary dysmenorrhea, reviews old and new drugs used in the treatment; and considers future research. The history of dysmenorrhea dates back to the Greeks who defined the word as "painful menstrual flow." In 1865 the 1st surgical approach was used, consisting of a bilateral oophorectomy followed by other procedures. The relationship of dysmenorrhea and ovulation was discovered in 1938 and was treated by ovulatory suppression with estrogen. The psychogenic theory was advanced in the 1940s and many feel it still remains part of the etiology of dysmenorrhea. Until the discovery of prostaglandins and the subsequent relationship of them to dysmenorrhea, the known therapies were oral contraceptives (OCs), childbirth, sedation, narcotic analgesics, other hormones to suppress ovulation, and bed rest. The relationship of prostaglandins to primary dysmenorrhea is most likely the best explanation medical science can offer. Prostaglandins are thought by many as the etiologic agent of disease. The newest link of research deals with the implication of arginine vasopressin (AVP) as another possible integrated factor in the etiology of primary dysmenorrhea. AVP has been shown to be elevated in women with dysmenorrhea, but how AVP integrates into the sequence of events surrounding painful uterine contractions is unknown. The 2 main modes of therapy are OCs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Each has separate indications for use. It is recommended that when relief is not found in 6-12 months that causes of secondary dysmenorrhea be ruled out. OCs have been shown to be quite effective in all groups of women with dysmenorrhea, significantly reducing symptoms in 80-98% of the population. The use of OC in dysmenorrhea is recommended in women who are young, sexually active and who seek contraception, and relief of symptoms related to dysmenorrhea where secondary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual tension syndrome has been ruled out. NSAIDs have come to surface as the mainstay of therapy for dysmenorrhea. The major effect is that they inhibit cyclo-oxygenase. The NSAIDs are recommended for use in any woman with primary dysmenorrhea who may not want therapy with OCs and who does not have a history of peptic ulcer, dyspepsia, hepatic or renal disease, aspirin allergy, asthma, or a bleeding diathesis. At times, short term use can be permissible with some of the contraindications. Guidelines for the use of anti-PGs prophylactically are somewhat nuclear at this time.
 ...
PMID:Primary dysmenorrhea: current concepts. 646 99

Since kidney transplant recipients are at enhanced risk for developing severe upper gastrointestinal disease and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is an important pathogen in active gastritis and peptic ulcer, we performed gastroduodenoscopic examination, coupled with assessment of Hp colonization in 29 renal allograft recipients complaining of recurrent dyspepsia. Results were compared with those of 25 chronically hemodialyzed patients and 16 subjects free from renal disease, also suffering from upper gastrointestinal symptoms of similar severity. We found that while transplant recipients have had a high prevalence of Hp infection (62 vs. 34.6% in dialysis and 43.6% in control dyspeptic patients), active gastritis was clearly less frequently seen in these patients than in control subjects (transplant group: 6.9%, dialysis 3.8%, control 31.3%) and peptic ulceration was totally absent. Prevalence of Hp colonization was even higher in renal graft recipients on triple posttransplant immunosuppression (82%). In dyspeptic transplant and dialysis patients, colonization with Hp did not account for development of active inflammatory lesions, an association frequently seen in subjects free from renal disease and immunosuppressive therapy.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori in kidney allograft recipients: high prevalence of colonization and low incidence of active inflammatory lesions. 903 Dec 66

Gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders are commonly associated with end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, and renal transplantation. Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of dyspepsia, ulcer disease, and Helicobacter pylori gastritis is not significantly different from the general population. Bleeding from angiodysplasia, however, is more common in chronic renal failure, as is gastroparesis. The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B has been dramatically reduced among hemodialysis patients since the advent of universal precautions. Response rates to hepatitis B vaccine in noninfected patients, however, are lower in these individuals. Chronic hepatitis C is found in 20% to 25% of HD patients worldwide and accounts for approximately 1% of all infected individuals. Levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartase aminotransferase are often within normal limits but may be elevated compared with a patient's preinfection levels. Dialysis has been shown to reduce the level of hepatitis C virus viremia. Treatment is similar to non-renal failure patients, although interferon is generally not used in renal transplant recipients owing to concerns of graft failure.
 ...
PMID:Gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders in end-stage renal disease and renal transplant recipients. 1092 10

Case-control study comparing 81 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) with 58 patients without renal disease who were evaluated by endoscopy of upper and/or lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for gastrointestinal bleeding or dyspepsia. The success of endoscopic examinations was the same in both groups. Patients with CRF more often underwent endoscopic examination because of gastrointestinal bleeding and they presented more often by hematochezia. Patients with CRF were more often found to have hemorrhagic gastropathy or duodenopathy and angiodysplasia of upper and lower GIT. However, duodenal ulcer was significantly more common in the control group without renal disease. Incidence of Helicobacter Pylori infection was low in both groups.
 ...
PMID:[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and endoscopic findings in patients with chronic kidney failure]. 1257 51

Common medical problems are often associated with abnormalities of sleep. Patients with chronic medical disorders often have fewer hours of sleep and less restorative sleep compared to healthy individuals, and this poor sleep may worsen the subjective symptoms of the disorder. Individuals with lung disease often have disturbed sleep related to oxygen desaturations, coughing, or dyspnea. Both obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung diseases are associated with poor quality sleep. Awakenings from sleep are common in untreated or undertreated asthma, and cause sleep disruption. Gastroesophageal reflux is a major cause of disrupted sleep due to awakenings from heartburn, dyspepsia, acid brash, coughing, or choking. Patients with chronic renal disease commonly have sleep complaints often due to insomnia, insufficient sleep, sleep apnea, or restless legs syndrome. Complaints related to sleep are very common in patients with fibromyalgia and other causes of chronic pain. Sleep disruption increases the sensation of pain and decreases quality of life. Patients with infectious diseases, including acute viral illnesses, HIV-related disease, and Lyme disease, may have significant problems with insomnia and hypersomnolence. Women with menopause have from insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome, or fibromyalgia. Patients with cancer or receiving cancer therapy are often bothered by insomnia or other sleep disturbances that affect quality of life and daytime energy. The objective of this article is to review frequently encountered medical conditions and examine their impact on sleep, and to review frequent sleep-related problems associated with these common medical conditions.
 ...
PMID:Sleep-related problems in common medical conditions. 1920 22

The purpose of this prospective study is to determine the prevalence of Helico-bacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among stable chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients having non ulcer dyspepsia. The study was carried out on 80 patients consisting of 40 patients with dyspepsia and 40 consecutive control subjects without renal disease and dyspepsic symptoms. Mean age of patients were 56 +/- 14 and 47 +/- 15 respectively. This study showed no significant difference of H. pylori infection between the two groups. Tissue examination of gastric antrum showed higher localization of H. pylori in HD patients in contrast to controls. This finding has not been reported before and needs further confirmation and evaluation for its significance.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. 1923 8


1 2 Next >>