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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the 18th century the main varieties of nervous illness - hypochondria, hysteria, the spleen, the vapours and dyspepsia - became included under the general term 'nervous disorders'. When no physical disorder of the nerves could be detected in such conditions, the hypothesis of nervous disorder was replaced by the more vague concept of 'nervous temperament'. The fact that there is still no evidence of pathological change in such cases continues to expose physicians to the alternative hypothesis of a purely psychological cause. The modern era in our understanding of the nervous system may be said to date from 1843 when Du Bois Reymond showed the electrical nature of nervous conduction. The publication of Jorden's Briefe Discourse in 1603 may be taken to represent the start of a discrete period (1600 to 1840) in the history of neurotic illness.
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PMID:The history of 'nervous disorders' from 1600 to 1840, and a comparison with modern views. 188 78

The importance of personality traits in nonulcer dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome is a controversial issue. We wished to assess the distribution of abnormal personality traits in nonulcer dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome, define any relation among personality and symptoms, and determine whether personality factors discriminate among patients with functional, psychiatric, or organic gastrointestinal diseases. Patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (n = 31), irritable bowel syndrome (n = 67), organic gastrointestinal disease (n = 64), somatoform disorder (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 128) were studied. Before diagnostic evaluation by an independent physician, all patients completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and a symptom questionnaire. Symptom scores for abdominal pain and the Manning criteria, which is considered to be diagnostic for the irritable bowel syndrome, were evaluated. Personality scales in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and organic disease were very similar. However, patients in the other groups differed from somatoform disorder on nearly all scales. In nonulcer dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and organic disease, hypochondriasis weakly correlated with pain. Subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome patients with predominant constipation and those with predominant diarrhea had similar personality traits, although hypomania was minimally increased in constipation. Patients who fulfilled the Manning criteria for irritable bowel syndrome had more psychological distress than those who did not. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory correctly classified somatoform disorder and health 81% and 75% of the time, respectively, but it classified nonulcer dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome correctly in only 32% and 34% of cases. Our results suggest that psychopathology may not be the major explanation for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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PMID:Relation among personality and symptoms in nonulcer dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome. 200 21

Questionnaire data based on traditional concepts for measuring hypochondriasis and depression were related to serological data on Helicobacter pylori antibodies in 110 of 130 consecutive patients, aged 18-65 yr, consulting for dyspeptic symptoms in general practice. Of the patients thirty-seven (33.6%) and seventy-three (66.4%) were classified as H. pylori positives and H. pylori negatives, respectively, the H. pylori positive patients being significantly older than H. pylori negative patients. Factor analyses of the questionnaire data indicated the heterogeneity of each of the traditional concepts for measuring hypochondriasis and depression but succeeded in differentiating orthogonally between two hypochondriasis factors and three depression factors. Hierarchical regression analyses of factor scores, controlling for the influence of age and sex, indicated higher H. pylori antibody activity to be associated with less hypochondriacal signs of anxiety and uneasiness. It is hypothesized, that in dyspepsia without signs of H. pylori infection, somatization may account to a substantial extent for the illness.
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PMID:Dyspepsia in general practice: psychological findings in relation to Helicobacter pylori serum antibodies. 802 63

We studied gastric motor functions by scintigraphic gastric emptying analysis and surface electrogastrography (EGG), and personality trait deviation in patients with functional dyspepsia. Delayed gastric emptying was observed in 17/35 patients and reduced normal EGG activity in 22/35 functional dyspepsia patients. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the gastric retention rate (at 150 min) and the duration of normal EGG waves. Abnormally high T scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test (70 or above) were found in 14/21 patients. Hypochondriasis (Hs) and conversion hysteria (Hy) were the most common abnormal findings. Ninety percent of functional dyspepsia patients (19/21) had either gastric dysmotility and/or psychological deviation. Although there was no significant correlation between gastric dysmotility and deviation in personality traits in functional dyspepsia patients, these data suggest that brain-gut interactions may play an important role in the symptoms of functional dyspepsia.
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PMID:Personality deviation and gastric motility in patients with functional dyspepsia. 877 15

Couvade is a phenomenon, where the expectant father or another relative experiences somatic and/or psychiatric symptoms during a woman's pregnancy. Although epidemiological studies report a frequency of couvade symptoms between 11 and 36% during all pregnancies, psychotic couvade cases are very rare with few case reports. The authors report 2 cases of psychotic couvade and give a psychodynamic interpretation of the cases. They emphasize the important role of ego defect and double identification in the development of the cases. Couvade is a phenomenon, where the expectant father or another relative experiences somatic and/or psychiatric symptoms during a woman's pregnancy. The term couvade was first coined by Tylor in 1865. Somatic symptoms can include indigestion or colic, gastritic symptoms, food cravings, nausea and vomiting, increased or decreased appetite, diarrhea, toothache, headache, itch, muscle tremors, nosebleed or other pains. Abdominal bloating and pseudocyesis have also been reported. Although the psychiatric symptoms most often observed are depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, tension and hypochondria there are some reports on psychotic couvade too. In our article we present 2 cases of psychotic couvade.
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PMID:Psychotic couvade: 2 case reports. 886 58

This study examines experiences of individual patients and psychiatrists in the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins between 1913 and 1917. The dynamics of these patient-psychiatrist interactions elucidate the well-known conceptual shift in explanations of mental illness during the twentieth century, from somatic models rooted in the logic of "neurasthenia" and damaged nerves to psychodynamic models based on the notion of "subconscious conflict." A qualitative analysis of 336 cases categorized as functional disorders (a catchall term in this period for illnesses that could not be confirmed as organic diseases), shows that patients explained their symptoms and suffering in terms of bodily malfunctions, and, particularly, as a "breakdown" of their nervous apparatus. Psychiatrists at the Phipps Clinic, on the other hand, working under the direction of its prominent director, Adolf Meyer, did not focus their examinations and therapies on the body's nervous system, as patients expected. They theorized that the characteristic symptoms of functional disorders-chronic exhaustion, indigestion, headaches and pain, as well as strange obsessive and compulsive behaviors-resulted from a distinct pathological mechanism: a subconscious conflict between powerful primal and social impulses. Phipps patients were often perplexed when told their physical symptoms were byproducts of an inner psychological struggle; some rejected the notion, while others integrated it with older explanations to reconceptualize their experiences of illness. The new concept also had the potential to alter psychiatrists' perceptions of disorders commonly diagnosed as hysteria, neurasthenia, or psychoneuroses. The Phipps records contain examples of Meyer and his staff transcending the frustration experienced by many doctors who had observed troubling but common behaviors in such cases: morbid introspection, hypochondria, emotionalism, pity-seeking, or malingering. Subconscious conflict recast these behaviors as products of "self-deception," which both absolved the sufferer and established an objective clinical marker by which a trained specialist could recognize functional disorder. Using individual case studies to elucidate the disjunction between patients' and psychiatrists' perspectives on what all agreed were debilitating illnesses, this analysis helps to illuminate the origins of a radical transformation in psychiatric knowledge and popular culture in the twentieth century-from somatic to psychodynamic explanations of mental illness.
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PMID:"MY RESISTING GETTING WELL": NEURASTHENIA AND SUBCONSCIOUS CONFLICT IN PATIENT-PSYCHIATRIST INTERACTIONS IN PREWAR AMERICA. 2691 53

Physicians and surgeons during the nineteenth century were eager to explore the causes of stomach and intestinal illnesses. Theories abounded that there was a sympathy between the mind and the body, especially in the case of the dyspepsia. The body was thought to have physical symptoms from the reactions of the mind, especially in the case of hypochondriasis. Digestive problems had a mental component, but mental anguish could also result from physical problems. Dissertations from aspiring as well as established physicians probed the mental causes of irritable bowel diseases and other diseases in the medical literature. Healing was thought to come from contextualizing the link between the problems of the mind and the resulting physical problems of the body.
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PMID:'The voice of the stomach': the mind, hypochondriasis and theories of dyspepsia in the nineteenth century. 3317 3