Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tagamet and Pepcid PM-two potent H2 antagonists for dyspepsia, heartburn and other conditions produced by excess acid in the stomach-are now available from pharmacies without prescription. Making these effective medicines more widely available should help many indigestion sufferers. (NB: these medicines are not recommended during pregnancy or for the under-16s). Indigestion can sometimes be prevented by avoiding spicy foods, alcohol and stress. Enquire about other symptoms and if necessary refer the patient to a doctor. A pharmacist should be consulted if the patient is already taking other medication. Other medicines recently available from pharmacies without prescription are the antacid Mucaine, and Adcortyl in Orabase and Corlan pellets for gum and mouth lesions. Eczema patients can now obtain Hydrocortisone Topical direct from the pharmacy. It was previously not allowed to be sold to treat eczema Haemorrhoid sufferers can now obtain Anusol Plus (containing hydrocortisone) direct from the pharmacy. Hay fever patients can now get Syntaris Nasal Spray without prescription.
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PMID:Remedies for common family ailments: 7. What's new in POMs to Ps? 868 Feb 22

This paper analyzes how physicians' treatment choices are influenced by cost to the patient for four different diseases in France: mild hypertension, hay fever, dyspepsia and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Five focus groups of physicians were conducted in the fall of 1998. The paper reviews the type of shifts and strategies physicians used to reduce the cost to the patient. In order to maintain access to care for the patients, the most common strategy used is to refer to different types of social structures in the health care system. However, a number of shifts related to drug or treatment choices were also identified such as prescription of older drugs, shifts to drugs having different drug coverage and cheaper drugs within a drug class. In a proportional system of copayment, the price level of the services (drugs or exams) clearly appeared as a determining factor to induce physicians' decision shifts. Overall, we also found that French physicians put higher priorities on the cost to society than on the cost to the patient in their treatment decisions.
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PMID:How the reimbursement system may influence physicians' decisions results from focus groups interviews in France. 1109 64

Some chronic diseases have a favourable course and are cured spontaneously. Allergic diseases such as eczema, hay fever and asthma have a good outcome in more than 75% of cases within 7 to 25 years, depending on the kind of allergy. Migraines have also a good evolution in children and after menopause. Many symptoms due to menstruation such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome or anemia, disappear after menopause as well as diseases due to estrogens such as uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis and prolactinoma. The risk of epilepsy relapse after a first seizure is about 40% after 2 years. The risk is lower in children. Attention deficit disorder affects 3 to 5% of children but is present in only 30% of them in adult age. The prevalence of depression decreases in women between 30 and 60 years of age. Functional somatic syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome or dyspepsia decrease in 2/3 of cases within 5 to 10 years if there is no history of anxio-depressive symptoms. However, prognosis is reserved when initial symptoms are severe or if they are connected to sexual abuse, domestic violence or depression. Other diseases have a spontaneous favourable course such as myopia, idiopathic infertility, polycystic ovary disease or ventricular arrhythmia. The knowledge of a good prognosis enables to avoid unnecessary treatments and to reassure many patients.
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PMID:[The benefits of aging. I. Patience and cure: spontaneous beneficial course of certain diseases]. 1172 11

The present paper explores how charges for medicines incurred by patients influence their decisions for managing acute or chronic conditions, and whether prescription cost and affordability issues are discussed in the general practitioner (GP)-patient encounter. People suffering from dyspepsia, hay fever or hypertension, or those taking hormone replacement therapy, were recruited through three community pharmacies in the North-west of England. Six focus groups were conducted with a total of 31 participants, the majority of whom were non-exempt from prescription charges. The management behaviour of those participants who had to pay for their prescriptions, particularly those from less-affluent or deprived backgrounds, was influenced by cost. However, cost was not the overriding influence, with other factors, such as symptom or disease severity, effectiveness, or necessity of treatment, playing a more important part in participants' management decisions. Cost as an issue was reflected in the various strategies used by participants to reduce medication cost, such as not having some prescribed items dispensed, taking a smaller dose or buying a cheaper over-the-counter product. Despite the use of numerous strategies, participants did not talk to their GPs about issues of cost and affordability. Participants felt that paying for prescriptions was their problem. There was a belief that discussing cost issues could jeopardise the doctor-patient relationship. Although not the dominant factor, medication cost nevertheless influenced participants when deciding how to manage their condition. Awareness of the existence of prepayment certificates, which can be bought by patients who require regular medication, was low, and this should be addressed through improved information/dissemination. Despite the high level of prescription items exempt, the current level of the prescription charge is still a barrier to obtaining prescription medicines under the National Health Service to those on lower incomes.
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PMID:Access to medicines: cost as an influence on the views and behaviour of patients. 1212 Dec 55

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of out-of-pocket costs on Dutch general practitioners' prescribing. A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted. An open-ended topic guide was used to elucidate the influence of out-of-pocket costs on decision making for the treatment of dyspepsia, hay fever, hormone replacement therapy, and hypertension. A total of 21 Dutch GPs from University Departments of General Practice participated in four separate focus groups. These discussions were held between November 1998 and March 1999. Each discussion was tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. From this transcription, key factors and issues were identified. GPs reported that they do not generally take out-of-pocket costs into account. Fully reimbursed drugs were usually prescribed and GPs felt that most patients were highly motivated and thus willing to pay for their medication. The patient charges were seen to be low and not likely to affect patients' willingness to pay. GPs felt that patients need not have to pay for their medication. They adjusted their drug choice in order to avoid co-payment and were willing to agree to a patient's demand for a reimbursed prescription. GPs describe their prescribing as not influenced by out-of-pocket costs. GPs seem inclined to avoid co-payment for patients when patients have financial difficulties and the disease is perceived as severe. They chose fully reimbursed drugs.
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PMID:Dutch GPs' perceptions: the influence of out-of-pocket costs on prescribing. 1229 43

18 chronic diseases were investigated in a population of 13,115 women living in six settings of West- (Avon UK, the Isle of Man), Central- (the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) and East-Europe (the Ukraine and Russia), that collaborate in the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC project). In prenatal questionnaires filled in after the first half of pregnancy, women reported 25,795 chronic diseases they ever suffered, out of them 11,188 having in present pregnancies. In the whole sample, lifelong prevalence was 11,2%, and prevalence in pregnancy 4,8% which means that 43,4% of all chronic diseases recurred in pregnancy. Up to mean age of 255 years in the whole sample, 39,6% women reported ever having indigestion, 29% back pains, 22,6% migraine, about 16% haemorrhoids, hay fever and eczema, about 10% varicose veins, anorexia nervosa, heavy depression and kidney diseases, over 5% rheumatism and 4% asthma. Less prevalent were infections of pelvic organs, febrile convulsions, joint inflammations, stomach ulcers, psoriasis and epilepsy. Lifetime prevalence of chronic diseases and their prevalence in pregnancy were the highest in the western zone and decreased eastwards, but recurrence grew in the opposite direction, being the highest in the eastern zone. The variation of each morbidity indicator is followed in all diseases between geographical zones as well as between individual study centres.
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PMID:Chronic morbidity in women, namely in pregnancy. (Comparative study between West, Central and East European centres). 1882 44

If one is searching for a perfect example of why the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was needed, this 1901 SWANSON'S RHEUMATIC CURE CO. foldover brochure would fit the bill (Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C). The SWANSON "FIVE DROP" REMEDIES were heralded as "the faithful guardian and sentinel of the human system" that "stands at the door and challenges every germ that knocks for admittance." FIVE DROPS had an "unfailing effect in the following diseases Rheumatism in all its forms, Sciatica, Backache, Neuralgia, Nervousness, Sleeplessness, Nervous and Neuralgic Headaches, Nervous Dyspepsia, and Nervous affections of every description, Asthma, Hay Fever, Croup and Bronchitis, Catarrh, Heart Weakness, Toothache (authors' emphasis), Earache, La Grippe, Malaria, Creeping Numbness and kindred diseases." What couldn't these drops cure? A bottle of Swanson's Five Drops is pictured in Figures 2A and 2B.
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PMID:Swanson's Five Drops. 3249 39