Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 67 year old male caucasian clerical worker with a background of long-standing gastro-oesophageal reflux-like dyspepsia and bronchiectasis presented to a tertiary hospital gastroenterology unit with a recent onset of dysphagia. An initial diagnosis of achalasia was made and within 1 year an established verrucous carcinoma of the upper oesophagus had developed. The tumour was inoperable due to tracheal invasion and therefore palliative treatment was given. The patient developed a tracheo-oesophageal fistula and died of pneumonia. Thus, verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus can occur with achalasia.
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PMID:Verrucous carcinoma of the oesophagus and achalasia. 843 56

Many patients with dyspepsia do not have peptic ulceration or other organic disease that explains their symptoms. The etiology of nonulcer dyspepsia is not established, and its treatment remains empiric. A careful clinical evaluation can usually rule out other disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome, and can identify patients who require immediate investigation and those who can safely receive empiric therapy with antacids or a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. If diagnostic investigation is indicated, endoscopy is the procedure of choice. The physician can then classify patients with documented nonulcer dyspepsia on the basis of symptoms, which may guide therapy. Many patients with nonulcer dyspepsia respond to reassurance, explanation, dietary modifications and avoidance of precipitating factors.
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PMID:Nonulcer dyspepsia: current approaches to diagnosis and management. 848 May 63

This paper identifies the symptom profile associated with the four main diagnoses of functional digestive disorders (dyspepsia, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastritis, and constipation) made by general practitioners in Belgium. Results are also presented from a multicentre study in which the effects of cisapride, administered as an oral tablet or suspension, were evaluated in patients with these functional digestive disorders. Analysis of symptom patterns revealed that early satiety and postprandial abdominal bloating were the most prominent symptoms, followed by eructation (belching), heartburn, regurgitation, postprandial epigastric burning or discomfort, and nausea. These symptoms occurred in all diagnostic groups. However, different symptom patterns were associated with each of the disorders; for example, heartburn and regurgitation were the core symptoms in patients diagnosed as having GORD, early satiety and abdominal bloating were characteristic of patients diagnosed with dyspepsia, and fasting or postprandial pain were characteristic of patients given the diagnosis of gastritis. Therefore, it appears that these diagnoses used by general practitioners in Belgium closely correspond to reflux-like, dysmotility-like and ulcer-like dyspepsia, as defined by an international working party. Cisapride improved the core symptoms in about 80% of patients with GORD or dyspepsia, relieved all epigastric symptoms in about 80% of patients with gastritis, and significantly decreased the use of laxatives and increased stool frequency in constipated patients. Cisapride was well tolerated and thus appears to be a useful option in the treatment of functional digestive disorders in a general practice setting.
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PMID:Functional dyspepsia versus other functional gastrointestinal disorders: a practical approach in Belgian general practices. 851 55

In a 28-day non-blinded study of 1071 patients with functional dyspeptic symptoms in a general practice setting, 666 presented with mainly typical symptoms of functional dyspepsia and received 5 mg cisapride three times daily, while 405 with predominating symptoms indicative of gastroesophageal reflux received 10 mg cisapride three times daily. On the basis of an anamnestic risk factor analysis for organic lesions, 'low-risk' patients were to be treated directly with cisapride, while for 'high-risk' patients a more thorough gastrointestinal examination was recommended before starting cisapride. Of patients in the dyspepsia group 75% reported a good or excellent response; the corresponding rate was 80% in the reflux group. Low-risk patients in both groups tended to respond better than high-risk patients (mean difference, 11%). Patients and investigators reached identical assessments of response. Concomitant antacids, calcium antagonists, beta-blockers and sedatives did not affect the results, but concomitant NSAIDs reduced the mean improvement rate by 14% (p < 0.01). Adverse effects such as abdominal cramps and loose stools were uncommon (< or = 3.4%).
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PMID:Risk factors, co-medication, and concomitant diseases: their influence on the outcome of therapy with cisapride. 851 57

Cisapride is a substituted benzamide compound that stimulates motor activity in all segments of the gastrointestinal tract by enhancing the release of acetylcholine from the enteric nervous system. Cisapride is administered orally in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes and chronic constipation. In gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in both adults and children, cisapride provides symptomatic improvement and mucosal healing. Long term treatment with cisapride is effective in the prevention of relapse of oesophagitis. Cisapride improves gastric emptying rates and improves symptoms in patients with gastroparesis of various origins. Unlike domperidone and metoclopramide, long term administration of cisapride seems to result in persistently enhanced gastric emptying. Cisapride is also effective in improving symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia. In comparative studies in patients with functional dyspepsia, cisapride was at least as effective as metoclopramide, domperidone, clebopride, ranitidine and cimetidine. Cisapride increases stool frequency and reduces laxative consumption in patients with idiopathic constipation. Severe cases of slow transit constipation seem refractory to cisapride. Clinical studies also indicate that cisapride might be effective in the treatment of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, postoperative ileus, peptic ulcer and irritable bowel syndrome. Further clinical studies are warranted to define the role of cisapride in these conditions. The dosage of cisapride ranges from 5mg 3 times daily to 20mg twice daily. Cisapride is generally well tolerated, both during short and long term treatment. In children, cisapride is also well tolerated in doses of 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times daily.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A risk-benefit assessment of cisapride in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 852 13

Patients with pyrosis or regurgitation as the dominating symptoms have gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). However, patients with more atypical symptoms may also suffer from it. The disease is usually chronic and patients who have additional oesophagitis are at risk of developing complications. The therapeutic goals in GORD are symptom relief, healing of lesions, prevention of complications, and omittance of adverse effects at the lowest possible costs. Patients with functional dyspepsia usually have symptoms of less severe intensity and as, per definition, no organic substrate is demonstrable, complications do not develop in these patients. Therefore, in patients with GORD and functional dyspepsia, treatment of GORD should have the highest priority. Pharmacologic treatment of GORD comprises H2 receptor antagonists, proton-pump inhibitors and cisapride. The pharmacologic treatment of functional dyspepsia is less documented and in most studies the symptomatic pattern could not predict the pharmacologic principle of clinical benefit. This may be because a separation between presence of symptoms and presence of symptoms as a major problem has not been taken into account. Cisapride is the drug that has been proven clinically useful in most randomized studies. This does not, however, rule out that other drugs are better in subgroups of patients with functional dyspepsia.
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PMID:Is this a reflux patient or is it a patient with functional dyspepsia with additional reflux symptoms? 854 27

Symptoms of reflux-like dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) are common problems in the community and in general practice. The 1-year prevalence of reflux-like dyspepsia is in the region of 30%, with many patients experiencing a range of other symptoms in addition to the principal complaint of retrosternal pain or burning. Although only a minority, about one-quarter, of these patients consult general practitioners about their problems, many of them have had symptoms for several years, and experience symptoms on a frequent, often daily, basis. The decision to consult a general practitioner often depends more upon patients' anxieties about the possibility of heart disease and cancer than on symptom severity. General practitioners need to address these issues, as well as attempting to make a safe, clinical diagnosis; this is aided by the findings that, at least in patients under the age of about 45, a reasonably confident clinical diagnosis can be made on the basis of symptoms alone, although older patients and those in whom alarm symptoms are present require timely investigation. The increasing availability of open-access endoscopy means that many of these patients can be managed entirely in general practice without the need for specialist referral. Management in general practice begins with a clear explanation of the mechanisms and significance of GORD and a direct response to patients' anxieties. Lifestyle factors may require modification before drug therapy begins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in general practice. 854 29

Although dyspeptic symptoms are very common, the vast majority of patients have modest symptoms and rarely seek medical advice. The major organic causes of dyspepsia are chronic peptic ulcer disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and malignancy. Functional dyspepsia is very common. In the fit elderly patient, prompt investigation may be more appropriate than empirical treatment in view of the higher proportion of patients with organic disease and the likelihood of malignancy. The symptoms of peptic ulceration and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are often atypical in the elderly population. Frail patients, especially those with multiple pathology, should be treated empirically in the first instance. Empirical treatment should be with histamine H2-receptor antagonists or prokinetic agents. Drug treatment is not always required in dyspepsia and should be avoided where possible, especially given the increased risk of drug interactions and poor compliance in the elderly. For those patients with documented non-malignant organic disease, the advent of the H2-receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetic drugs and regimens which eradicate Helicobacter pylori means that treatment is almost always successful.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia in the elderly. 857 90

Patients with symptoms of GERD and dyspepsia are among the most common consulters in general practice and are different from their counterparts in the community who choose not to consult although they suffer from similar symptoms. They represent a heterogeneous group with considerable symptom overlap. They have a relatively poor quality of life and endoscopic findings can only explain symptoms in about half of these patients. Thus psychosocial factors which could contribute to their morbidity should be explored. While some studies have methodological shortcomings, main findings are that key psychological factors are anxiety, tension, neuroticism, somatization, fears of malignancy, negative assessment of health, depression, a poor social network and less effective coping strategies. Physical illness is likely to bring on psychological distress due to discomfort or threat of ill health. Cognizance of psychosocial factors will facilitate an understanding of the underlying problems and will improve diagnosis and selection of optimal treatment.
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PMID:Psychosocial factors and their role in symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia. 889 45

Efficacy of one-week triple antimicrobial therapy (bismuth, tinidazole, amoxicillin) as compared to the same drug combination given for 4 weeks was assessed in children with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Twenty-six patients (group A) and 30 (group B) had one-week and four-week schedule, respectively. Eradication (absence of organism at endoscopy at least 1 month after ending treatment) was achieved in 84.6% of group A (22) and 83.3% of group B (25), with marked reduction of histological gastritis score in both groups. Among patients with eradicated H. pylori, symptoms improved significantly in 14 and 16 patients of group A and B, respectively, but were still present in 17 (8 group A, 9 group B). The latter showed gastroparesis and abnormal gastro-oesophageal reflux at a subsequent diagnostic work-up and improved with prokinetic therapy. In 3 patients of group A and 3 of group B, symptoms improved despite persistence of bacterium into the stomach. Finally, in 3 cases (1 group A, 2 group B) both symptoms and H. pylori infection were unchanged. At 6 month follow-up, symptoms were present in 7 patients (3 group A, 4 group B): 6 of them (3 group A, 3 group B) showed H. pylori gastritis at endoscopy. We conclude that in children with dyspepsia and H. pylori gastritis one-week triple antimicrobial schedule is effective in eradicating bacterium; however, detection of H. pylori gastritis in dyspeptic children does not invariably indicate a pathogenic role of the organism in these patients.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori gastritis and non-ulcer dyspepsia in childhood. Efficacy of one-week triple antimicrobial therapy in eradicating the organism. 903 84


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