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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have caused several well-studied food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis and also have been responsible for sporadic cases of otitis media, wound infection, and bacteremia. Few cases of liver abscess caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have been reported. A 73-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus was admitted with nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia and febrile sensation. We identified Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in his blood cultures and multiple hepatic microabscess on abdominal computed tomography. He was treated with systemic antibiotics and fluid therapy, but died due to septic shock on sixth day. We report here, a case of liver abscess with bacteremia due to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in a patient with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[A case of liver abscess and bacteremia caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1]. 2219 34

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the digestive organs, most commonly of the stomach and the duodenum. Symptoms of EGE are nonspecific and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, malabsorption, ascites and weight loss. The various symptoms of EGE depend on its location and the depth of gastrointestinal eosinophil infiltration. We report a case presenting with acute pancreatitis caused by a milk allergy. The patient's symptoms rapidly improved after treatment with corticosteroids, and he remained symptom-free for more than 20 months by the elimination of cow's milk from his diet. Serum titers of pancreatic enzymes and total bilirubin simultaneously recovered and blood eosinophil counts normalized. The causative allergens of EGE are too various to detect; however, allergologic exams revealed that a cow's milk allergy had provoked EGE in our case. Adult-onset cow's milk allergies are rare; when seen, however, they may present severe complications such as anaphylaxis, gastroenteritis and pancreatitis. When unaccountable gastrointestinal symptoms are observed, EGE caused by food allergies should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis due to cow's milk allergy presenting with acute pancreatitis. 2262 71

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder characterized by chronic epigastric pain or burning, or bothersome postprandial fullness or early satiation, without a definitive organic cause. The pathogenesis of FD is likely heterogeneous. Classically, motor disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, and brain-gut interactions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of FD, but recently an important role for chronic low-grade inflammation and infection in FD has been reported and confirmed. Duodenal low-grade inflammation is frequently observed in FD in those with and without documented previous gastroenteritis. Duodenal eosinophils and in some cases mast cells may together or separately play a key role, and immune activation (eg, circulating homing small intestinal T cells) has been observed in FD. Low-grade intestinal inflammation in patients with FD may provoke impairment in motor-sensory abnormalities along the gastrointestinal neural axis. Among FD patients, the risk of developing dyspeptic symptoms after a bout of gastroenteritis is 2.54 (95% CI, 1.76-3.65) at more than 6 months after acute gastroenteritis. Gut host and microbial interactions are likely important, and emerging data demonstrate both quantitative and qualitative changes of duodenal mucosal and fecal microbiota in FD. Food antigens (eg, wheat proteins) may also play a role in inducing duodenal inflammation and dyspepsia. While causation is not established, the hypothesis that FD is a disorder of microscopic small intestinal inflammation in a major subset is gaining acceptance, opening the possibility of novel treatment approaches that may be able to alter the natural history of the disorder.
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PMID:Role of the Duodenum in the Pathogenesis of Functional Dyspepsia: A Paradigm Shift. 2979 92

The genus Litsea is predominant in tropical and subtropical regions of India, China, Taiwan, and Japan. The plant possesses medicinal properties and has been traditionally used for curing various gastro-intestinal ailments (e.g., diarrhea, stomachache, indigestion, and gastroenteritis) along with diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, and traumatic injury. Besides its medicinal properties, Litsea is known for its essential oil, which has protective action against several bacteria, possesses antioxidant and antiparasitic properties, exerts acute and genetic toxicity as well as cytotoxicity, and can even prevent several cancers. Here we summarize the ethnopharmacological properties, essentials oil, medicinal uses, and health benefits of an indigenous plant of northeast India, emphasizing the profound research to uplift the core and immense potential present in the conventional medicine of the country. This review is intended to provide insights into the gaps in our knowledge that need immediate focus on in-situ conservation strategies of Litsea due to its non-domesticated and dioecious nature, which may be the most viable approach and intense research for the long-term benefits of society and local peoples.
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PMID:Ethnopharmacological Properties and Medicinal Uses of Litsea cubeba. 3115 25

Chronic unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms impact more than 1 in 5 Americans and their families; these disorders include the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), currently classified by Rome IV as functional gastrointestinal disorders. By definition, IBS and FD have no established pathology, but emerging evidence suggests this paradigm may need revision. Immune activation and, in subsets, subtle intestinal pathology have been identified in FD (most notably, postprandial distress syndrome) and IBS-diarrhea. A disease model is proposed that accounts for all of the intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, relationship to food and infection, and the overlap with gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is speculated that antigen presentation to the mucosa (e.g., microbial antigens or food proteins after acute gastroenteritis) induces, in a genetically primed host, immune activation of the intestine with low-grade intestinal inflammation and subsequently neuronal structural and functional alterations, producing regional intestinal hypersensitivity and motor dysfunction. Immune activation may explain the female predominance and fluctuations in immune activity for symptom variability over time. In the future, as further evidence accumulates, the management paradigm may potentially shift to objective pathology-based subtyping based on serological, microbiological, and clinical assessments to identify when targeted therapies should be deployed in subsets. Potential targeted interventions may include therapies to dampen down immune activation or block release of key mediators such as histamine, specific microbial targeted treatments that may reverse disease, and dietary advice to eliminate relevant food antigens after objective in vivo testing. Only by identifying causation can we eventually anticipate cure, and as the true pathology unravels in subsets, this may become a reality.
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PMID:What Causes Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders? A Proposed Disease Model. 3189 21

Dyspepsia is a complex of symptoms referable to the gastroduodenal region of the gastrointestinal tract and includes epigastric pain or burning, postprandial fullness, or early satiety. Approximately 80% of individuals with dyspepsia have no structural explanation for their symptoms and have functional dyspepsia. Functional dyspepsia affects up to 16% of otherwise healthy individuals in the general population. Risk factors include psychological comorbidity, acute gastroenteritis, female sex, smoking, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, but it is probably related to disordered communication between the gut and the brain, leading to motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, and alterations in gastrointestinal microbiota, mucosal and immune function, and CNS processing. Although technically a normal endoscopy is required to diagnose functional dyspepsia, the utility of endoscopy in all patients with typical symptoms is minimal; its use should be restricted to people aged 55 years and older, or to those with concerning features, such as weight loss or vomiting. As a result of our incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology, functional dyspepsia is difficult to treat and, in most patients, the condition is chronic and the natural history is one of fluctuating symptoms. Eradication therapy should be offered to patients with functional dyspepsia who test positive for Helicobacter pylori. Other therapies with evidence of effectiveness include proton pump inhibitors, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, prokinetics, and central neuromodulators. The role of psychological therapies is uncertain. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia increases, it is probable that the next decade will see the emergence of truly disease-modifying therapies for the first time.
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PMID:Functional dyspepsia. 3304 22


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