Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Valproic acid is a branched-chained fatty acid, structurally unrelated to any other antiepileptic drug. Since publication of the original review in the Journal in 1977, several clinical trials have documented its efficacy and safety in adults and children for the treatment of generalised seizures (absence, tonic-clonic, myoclonic), partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalised) and compound/combination seizures (including those refractory to treatment with other antiepileptic drugs). Valproic acid monotherapy has demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital in the treatment of both generalised and partial seizures and ethosuximide in the treatment of absence seizures. Adverse effects associated with the drug are primarily gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia) in nature, although the use of enteric-coated formulations has reduced the incidence of abdominal discomfort. Weight gain, tremor and transient hair loss are commonly reported. Importantly, valproic acid has minimal neurological adverse effects (sedation, ataxia, impairment of cognitive function) compared with other antiepileptic drugs, a finding that may be of particular relevance in many patients with epilepsy. The incidence of rare, fatal liver failure has been greatly reduced by identifying and avoiding administration of valproic acid to high risk patient populations. An estimated risk of 1 to 2% for neural tube defects, predominantly spina bifida aperta, with maternal use of valproic acid therapy has been reported. Valproic acid inhibits hepatic drug metabolism and displaces other highly bound drugs from their plasma protein binding sites. Therefore, coadministered drugs which are highly protein bound or hepatically metabolised may require dosage adjustment. Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs may increase valproic acid metabolism and necessitate increasing its dosage. Thus, comparative trials and extensive clinical experience have demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of valproic acid and support its role as a valuable and well established first-line treatment for patients with a broad range of seizure types.
 ...
PMID:Valproic acid. A reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. 751 5

Forty patients (33 male, 7 female) with refractory epilepsy were randomized to receive ascending weekly doses of adjunctive remacemide hydrochloride in a b.i.d. or q.i.d. regimen, or placebo for up to 1 month. Assessments included routine physical examination and laboratory tests, recording of adverse events and seizure frequency, and neuropsychological tests. Trough plasma concentrations of concomitant AEDs were measured at weekly intervals. Trough plasma concentrations of remacemide and its desglycinyl metabolite were measured before each dose increment, and complete 24-hour profiles were measured at steady state following administration of 600 mg day(-1)and 1200 mg day(-1). A daily dose of 1200 mg was well tolerated in a q.i.d. regimen and up to 800 mg was well tolerated in a b.i.d. regimen. The most common adverse events were dizziness, diplopia, dyspepsia and abdominal pain. On some occasions, these were considered to be related to raised concentrations of concomitant AEDs. No adverse effects were observed on seizure frequency. Neuropsychology tests revealed no significant changes. Remacemide and the desglycinyl metabolite demonstrated dose proportional pharmacokinetics over the dose range tested.
 ...
PMID:Remacemide hydrochloride: a placebo-controlled, one month, double-blind assessment of its safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics as adjunctive therapy in patients with epilepsy. 1116 51

Celastrus paniculatus L. (Celastraceae) (CP), Picrorhiza kurroa L. (Scrophulariaceae) (PK) and Withania somnifera L. (Solanaceae) (WS) are Indian medicinal plants having a remarkable reputation, as a factor of health care, among the indigenous medical practitioners. The plants exhibit varying degrees of therapeutic value some of which useful in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, insomnia, rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia. In this work, we have investigated the free radical scavenging capacity of methanolic extracts from CP, PK, WS and the effect on DNA cleavage induced by H2O2 UV-photholysis. In addition, we investigated whether these plant extracts are capable of reducing the hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human non-immortalized fibroblasts. These extracts showed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging capacity and a protective effect on DNA cleavage; methanolic extracts from PK was more active than extracts from CP and WS. These results were confirmed by a significant protective effect on H2O2-induced cytoxicity and DNA damage in human non-immortalized fibroblasts. These antioxidant effects of active principle of CP, PK and WS may explain, at least in part, the reported anti-stress, immunomodulatory, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory and antiaging effects produced by them in experimental animal and in clinical situations and may justify the further investigation of their other beneficial biological properties.
 ...
PMID:Indian medicinal plants as antiradicals and DNA cleavage protectors. 1131 55

Some chronic diseases have a favourable course and are cured spontaneously. Allergic diseases such as eczema, hay fever and asthma have a good outcome in more than 75% of cases within 7 to 25 years, depending on the kind of allergy. Migraines have also a good evolution in children and after menopause. Many symptoms due to menstruation such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome or anemia, disappear after menopause as well as diseases due to estrogens such as uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis and prolactinoma. The risk of epilepsy relapse after a first seizure is about 40% after 2 years. The risk is lower in children. Attention deficit disorder affects 3 to 5% of children but is present in only 30% of them in adult age. The prevalence of depression decreases in women between 30 and 60 years of age. Functional somatic syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome or dyspepsia decrease in 2/3 of cases within 5 to 10 years if there is no history of anxio-depressive symptoms. However, prognosis is reserved when initial symptoms are severe or if they are connected to sexual abuse, domestic violence or depression. Other diseases have a spontaneous favourable course such as myopia, idiopathic infertility, polycystic ovary disease or ventricular arrhythmia. The knowledge of a good prognosis enables to avoid unnecessary treatments and to reassure many patients.
 ...
PMID:[The benefits of aging. I. Patience and cure: spontaneous beneficial course of certain diseases]. 1172 11

A seventy-four years old woman is assessed for asthenia, fatigue, non ulcerous dyspepsia with macrocytic anemia. The patient's medical history taking in Binswanger disease--diagnosed 5 aa before-, epilepsy-2 aa before- and a previous episode of TVP of the left leg, suggested the hypothesis that a B12 deficiency, by a chronic gastritis, would involve an increase of homocysteine cause of the clinical manifestations of megaloblastic anemia, Binswanger disease, tardive epilepsy and previous TVP. The fisic and blood and instrumental exams confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The patient is having vitamin B12.
 ...
PMID:[A 74-year-old woman with macrocytic anemia]. 1196 38

This study was designed to survey college students about their knowledge and use of Uwhangchungsimwon (UC), a Traditional Oriental herbal remedy for emergency and acute treatment of stroke, numbness, hypertension, epilepsy and arteriosclerosis. Students at three female nursing colleges in Korea completed a questionnaire containing 29 questions about the students' demographics, knowledge and use of UC, and the placebo effect. Of 608 respondents, 217 (36%) had taken UC. Eighty-three per cent reported that UC alleviated examination tension and 28% knew that it is used as an emergency drug for stroke. Forty-two per cent believed that UC has a "placebo effect" and 20% considered its effects were more than that of a placebo. Fifty-eight per cent of those using UC felt that it was effective in inducing psychological relaxation, 4% considered that it increased their energy levels, and 6% felt it was effective in "clearing the head"; 33% reported no effects. Users also reported adverse effects: 30% reported drowsiness, 17% reported a "heavy head" and 15% experienced indigestion. Most respondents (73%) obtained information about UC from family members and friends and 33% from newspapers or the media. These results confirm health practitioner should recognize that UC is used widely for purposes other than its intended purpose (i.e., to treat stroke and hypertension) and that such use can cause adverse effects. More systematic research is needed to increase the safety of consumers when using herbs and herbal supplements.
 ...
PMID:Perceptions, knowledge and misuse of an oriental herbal drug: a survey of 608 Korean female nursing college students. 1600 37

We report the case of a young anorexic woman who suffered a sudden loss of consciousness with convulsions, diagnosed as epilepsy associated with a migrational disorder, as documented at MRI. Standard 12-lead ECG showed a prolonged QT interval. Biochemical tests revealed a severe hypokalemia. Continuous 24-h ECG recording detected a ventricular tachycardia in torsades de pointes inducing a syncopal convulsive attack that seemed to be related to oral Cisapride assumption for dyspepsia. Discontinuation of cisapride and normalization of kalemia caused disappearance of both ECG abnormalities and loss of consciousness episodes. Syncope is a condition often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures.
 ...
PMID:An anorexic woman with convulsive loss of consciousness. Syncope or epileptic fits? 1707 Jun 6

18 chronic diseases were investigated in a population of 13,115 women living in six settings of West- (Avon UK, the Isle of Man), Central- (the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) and East-Europe (the Ukraine and Russia), that collaborate in the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC project). In prenatal questionnaires filled in after the first half of pregnancy, women reported 25,795 chronic diseases they ever suffered, out of them 11,188 having in present pregnancies. In the whole sample, lifelong prevalence was 11,2%, and prevalence in pregnancy 4,8% which means that 43,4% of all chronic diseases recurred in pregnancy. Up to mean age of 255 years in the whole sample, 39,6% women reported ever having indigestion, 29% back pains, 22,6% migraine, about 16% haemorrhoids, hay fever and eczema, about 10% varicose veins, anorexia nervosa, heavy depression and kidney diseases, over 5% rheumatism and 4% asthma. Less prevalent were infections of pelvic organs, febrile convulsions, joint inflammations, stomach ulcers, psoriasis and epilepsy. Lifetime prevalence of chronic diseases and their prevalence in pregnancy were the highest in the western zone and decreased eastwards, but recurrence grew in the opposite direction, being the highest in the eastern zone. The variation of each morbidity indicator is followed in all diseases between geographical zones as well as between individual study centres.
 ...
PMID:Chronic morbidity in women, namely in pregnancy. (Comparative study between West, Central and East European centres). 1882 44

Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a common benign epilepsy affecting otherwise healthy children that present with autonomic seizures, in which nausea, retching, and vomiting are particularly common and prominent. Because of the unusual ictal symptoms and lengthy manifestations, misdiagnosis is a common major problem. We describe a young girl with intractable and lengthy vomiting attacks, several admissions to hospitals, and extensive gastroenterological workup for several years from early childhood. On all previous occasions the diagnosis varied from psychosomatic disease, to functional dyspepsia, to cyclic vomiting syndrome. The possibility of autonomic epileptic seizures and Panayiotopoulos syndrome, though likely, was not considered.
Epilepsy Behav 2009 Apr
PMID:Misdiagnosis due to gastrointestinal symptoms in an adolescent with probable autonomic status epilepticus and Panayiotopoulos syndrome. 1923 15

Thirty patients with different forms of epilepsy were treated with toreal in dosage 200 mg per day. The clinical efficacy was assessed after 8 and 12 weeks. Side-effects and changes of laboratory parameters were assessed taking into account their intensity, duration and possible relation to the drug. Toreal was most effective in symptomatic local forms of epilepsy (76-95%) and less effective in idiopathic forms (up to 70%). In the period of dose titration, higher fatigue (70%), sleepiness (53.33%) were recorded more often than dizziness, paresthesias, dry mouth, diplopia, dyspepsia, ataxia and others side-effects. Higher fatigue remained in 70% of patients to the end of 12th week while the frequency of other side- effects has decreased. Overall, the severity of side-effects was mild that did not lead to changing of dose or drug's withdrawal.
 ...
PMID:[The use of toreal in the monotherapy of epilepsy in adults]. 1936 70


1 2 Next >>