Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perception of the common cold and other discomforts was studied as a function fo age among 456 normals ranging in age from 18 to 82. Respondents completed a questionnaire which deal with the frequency and duration of their colds, their symptoms and treatments-and, finally, with the perceived severity of various discomforts. Though older Rs were found to suffer more than younger with body aches, the former had less difficulty with a variety of other physical and psychological symptoms-and also contracted relatively few colds. Older Rs treated their colds less often with Contac and Dristan, but more often by staying home and/or calling their doctor. As compared with younger Rs, older respondents perceived intestinal flu to be relatively less serious-but earache, sprained toe, indigestion, having a tooth filled, stiff neck, and hangover to be relatively more serious.
 ...
PMID:The perception of the common cold, and other ailments and discomforts, as related to age. 115 Mar 34

Prostaglandins of the E-series (PGE) mediate a wide variety of physiologic processes and have been shown to have regulatory roles in cell immunity. Previous animal and human trials have shown lower incidence of acute rejection when prostaglandins are administered in conjunction with standard immunosuppressives. This study evaluated the effects of the PGE analogue, enisoprost (EP), in a multicenter (39 centers) prospective, randomized, double-blind trial in 374 patients undergoing renal transplantation. Groups were placebo, enisoprost 50 micrograms p.o. q.i.d. (EP-50 micrograms), and enisoprost 100 micrograms p.o. q.i.d. (EP-100 micrograms). Patients received cyclosporine, azathioprine, corticosteroids, and Minnesota antilymphocyte globulin or OKT3 according to each center's protocol. Prophylactic antibody therapy (MALG or OKT3) was not randomized. Two hundred fifty-five patients completed the 8-week study period. Of the 119 patients who were withdrawn, 73 did so because of an adverse event. Rejection episodes occurred in 98 of 374 patients (26%). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of rejection between placebo- and EP-treated patients (P = 0.782). There was no significant difference in episodes of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity between placebo- and EP-treatment groups (P = 0.883). There was also no difference between incidence of acute tubular necrosis, duration of initial hospitalization, or need for rehospitalization between placebo- and EP-treated groups. Administration of EP was associated with frequent adverse events including elevation of body temperature, dyspepsia, and diarrhea. Antibody-treated patients had a higher percentage of black recipients, higher mean body weight, greater cold ischemic times, fewer living-related donors, and higher panel reactivity. Patients not receiving antibody prophylaxis were better matched immunologically than those receiving either MALG or OKT3. Despite these immunologic differences, there was no significant difference in the incidence of rejection in patients who did or did not receive antibody prophylaxis. Cyclosporine toxicity was more common in MALG-treated patients (P = 0.02). Renal function was worse in antibody-treated patients. There was no detectable effect of enisoprost on the incidence of acute rejection, renal function, or hospitalization in a multicenter prospective, randomized, double-blind trial in 374 patients undergoing renal transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Enisoprost in renal transplantation. The Enisoprost Renal Transplant Study Group. 173 27

It was hypothesized that symptoms in functional dyspepsia are originated by an altered mechanism at the brain-gut axis (one or several) in the process of gastric accommodation to a meal. To test the key mechanisms potentially involved in symptomatic gastric accommodation, the sensorial responses (on a 0-10 perception score) and the gastric tone responses (by electronic barostat) to either gastric accommodation (n = 10) or to cold stress (n = 10) were measured in 20 patients with functional dyspepsia and 20 healthy controls. The mechanical accommodation of the stomach to gastric distention (compliance) was similar in patients (52 +/- 8 mL/mm Hg) and controls (57 +/- 6 mL/mm Hg). However, isobaric gastric distention elicited more upper abdominal discomfort in dyspeptics than in controls (perception scores, 4.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.5, respectively; mean +/- SE; P less than 0.005). Cold stress induced a similar gastric relaxatory response in dyspeptics and controls (delta vol, 145 mL +/- 40 mL vs. 141 mL +/- 42 mL, respectively); hand perception (scores, 8.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 7.9 +/- 0.4, respectively) and autonomic responses were also similar. It is concluded that an abnormal afferent sensorial pathway (altered gastric perception) may be a major mechanism of symptom production in functional dyspepsia.
 ...
PMID:The origin of symptoms on the brain-gut axis in functional dyspepsia. 188 24

Selected results are presented of studies of diarrhea and its treatment carried out in Guatemala in 1985-1987 and of qualitative studies of child feeding especially during and after diarrhea conducted in 1988-89 by the Nutrition Institute of Central America and Panama (INCAP). This work focuses on ethnoclassification and the role of breast feeding in diarrheal disease, the possibilities and limitations of the common Latin American system of classification into hot or cold properties as an explanatory model for diarrhea, and implications of the findings for public health programs. In the diarrhea studies, 15-20 randomly selected mothers of children under 5 were interviewed in 4 communities of about 1000 inhabitants in both indigenous and Ladino communities. Interviews were also conducted with curanderos, midwives, and other traditional health care providers. The dietary information on children with diarrhea came from focus groups with mothers in 3 marginal urban communities, 3 rural indigenous communities, and 4 rural Ladino communities. Biomedical practice and popular beliefs both consider alterations in the frequency or consistency of stools and stomach pain to be part of the definition of diarrhea. But the mothers viewed diarrhea as either an illness in itself, or 1 symptom of another illness defined by traditional practice such as "empacho" (indigestion) or evil eye, or as a normal accompaniment of changes in child growth and development such as loss of teeth or the 1st steps or words. Diarrhea caused by the mother's mild is believed to be a distinct type that occurs when the milk becomes very cold or hot in the folk classification, or when it is disturbed. Illnesses are viewed as violations of the equilibrium between hot and cold in the diet, activities, emotions, or general state of the nursing mother. Women are considered in a state of cold for about 40 days after birth and should follow specific recommendations for diet, activity, and personal care. Lactation is considered a hot state, and women should continue to consume hot foods to overcome the cold of the postpartum. Lactating women should avoid foods considered very hot, such as coffee, chile, and spicy foods. Strong maternal emotions such as anger or fright are also believed to affect the milk. Treatment may follow various forms depending on the suspected cause, and may include dietary change, consumption of a home or commercial remedy, or complete weaning. Public health programs should take local health systems into account, encouraging favorable prescribed practices such as postpartum rest and attention to the maternal diet. Specific advice to the mother may vary, but health education should maintain the integrated focus on the women that is part of the traditional system.
 ...
PMID:[Breast feeding in the etiology of diarrhea]. 249 Aug 82

Dyspepsia remains one of mankind's most common afflictions. It affects virtually everybody at one time or another, it is responsible for the hundreds of millions of dollars spent each year on antacids and H2 antagonists, and it ranks second only to the common cold as a cause of loss of time from work. The condition denotes widely different things to different people, but by definition, complaints of dyspepsia must bear some relation to food or drink. (The term "dyspepsia" derives from dys, meaning "bad," and pepsis, meaning "digestion.") A physician writing in the Lancet more than a hundred years ago referred to dyspepsia as "the remorse of a guilty stomach." Unfortunately, the problem often turns out to be more serious than the transient pangs emanating from overindulgence. "Dyspepsy," De Quincey wrote in 1823, "is the ruin of most things: empires, expeditions, and everything else." That may be an overstatement. Still, dyspepsia can certainly be the harbinger of disastrous illness, as the following case illustrates.
 ...
PMID:Dyspepsia. The broad etiologic spectrum. 315 90

Helicobacter pylori-like organisms (Hp) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in 2614 gastroduodenal biopsies from 602 patients with dyspepsia, in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, between October 1990 and October 1992, were histologically graded to determine the prevalence of Hp gastritis and their utilization in the evaluation of treatment efficacy in these patients. Symptoms of functional dyspepsia included, in order of frequency, abdominal pain or discomfort, flatulence, burning sensation, regurgitation, fullness, nausea, vomiting, bloating and belching. The biopsies were paraffin embedded, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) to grade the inflammation. In addition to H and E, several special stains including modified Giemsa (MG), Wharthin-Starry silver and cold Ziehl-Neelsen stains were utilized to clearly identify Hp organisms. Giemsa method was found to be superior to other special stains in visualizing the Hp organisms in paraffin sections, and was utilized in every case. Two immunohistochemical markers for B cells (CD20) and T cells (CD45RO) were utilized for labeling lymphocytes infiltrating the lamina propria of the gastroduodenal biopsies in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. H and E and MG stained sections were utilized to count PMNs and Hp, and were graded 0, 1, 2, and 3, corresponding to none, mild, moderate, and severe grades of the Sydney system for classification of gastritis, respectively. Of the total initial 2318 endoscopic biopsies, 98.8% of the patients had suitable biopsies for histologic evaluation. Unsuitable biopsies were recovered from patients with gastric carcinoma. Inflammation was seen in 98.5% of 595 patients with suitable biopsies. In 74.5% of these patients the inflammation was active; 37.5, 32.5 and 4.5% had mild, moderate and severe active inflammation, respectively. In the remaining 24% of the 595 patients, the gastritis was chronic without activity or atrophic changes. As many as 73.6% of the patients with suitable biopsies were Hp positive; 39.8, 29.1 and 4.7% had grades 1, 2 and 3 Hp, respectively. Intestinal metaplasia was found in 28.9% of the 602 patients, and was seen more often in Hp positive than Hp negative patients (34.5 vs 14%, P < 0.005, for d.f. = 1; chi 2 = 10.35). Of the Hp positive patients, 172 and 46 patients attended the first and second follow-up endoscopy visits, respectively. The triple treatment was composed of one dose of tinidazole (2gm), doxycycline, 200 mg initial dose and 100 mg daily for two weeks, and bismuth subcitrate (Gist-Brocades nv, Delft, The Netherlands), 2 tablets twice daily for 4 weeks. After triple drug treatment, eradication of Hp was accomplished, histologically, in 38.4 and 45.7% of the patients on first and second follow-up visits, respectively. Thus, the Sydney system-based grading scale provides an objective histological evaluation of Hp gastritis for accurate prevalence studies, and may prove to be of value in estimating treatment efficacy.
 ...
PMID:Grading Helicobacter pylori gastritis in dyspeptic patients. 881 77

Small-scale studies have suggested a large inter-individual variation in early postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, emphasizing the need for improved analgesic treatment and valid predictors. We investigated prospectively the association between a preoperative nociceptive stimulus by ice water (cold pressor test), neuroticism, dyspepsia, patient history of biliary symptoms, intraoperative factors, and demographic information in 150 consecutive patients undergoing uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy for their influence on early postoperative pain. During the first postoperative week patients registered overall pain, incisional, visceral, and shoulder pain on a visual analogue scale and verbal rating scale, and daily analgesic requirements were noted. Throughout the first postoperative week overall pain showed a pronounced inter-individual variability. Incisional pain dominated in incidence and intensity compared with visceral pain, which in turn dominated over shoulder pain. In a multivariate analysis model, preoperative neuroticism, sensitivity to cold pressor-induced pain, and age were identified as independent risk factors for early postoperative pain. Our results suggest that future analgesic studies after laparoscopic cholecystectomy should focus on reduction of incisional pain.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics and prediction of early pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 1120 98

This double-blind randomised study compared the tolerability of ibuprofen (up to 1.2 g daily), aspirin and paracetamol (both up to 3 g daily) for up to seven days, in patients with mild to moderate pain resulting from cold/flu symptoms or sore throat (CF/ST) (n = 2,815). The main outcome was the rate of significant adverse events (SGAE). Rates of SGAE for ibuprofen, aspirin and paracetamol were respectively 12.0%, 15.7% and 12.3%. Ibuprofen was significantly better tolerated than aspirin (p = 0.02) and had comparable tolerability with paracetamol. The latter was also true for total digestive system events and for abdominal pain and dyspepsia. In conclusion, in patients with CF/ST, ibuprofen used at over-the-counter doses is as well tolerated as paracetamol and much better tolerated than aspirin.
 ...
PMID:Tolerability of ibuprofen, aspirin and paracetamol for the treatment of cold and flu symptoms and sore throat pain. 1251 Sep 44

Peppermint plants have been used as a herbal medicine for many conditions, including loss of appetite, common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, fever, nausea, vomiting and indigestion. This study is aimed at investigating the biochemical and histological effects of Mentha piperita L., growing in the Yenisar Bademli town of Isparta City, and Mentha spicata L., growing on the Anamas high plateau of Isparta City, on rat kidney tissue. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for this study. Animals were divided into four experimental groups, each with 12 rats, as follows: control group (group I); 20 g/L M. piperita tea (group II); 20 g/L M. spicata tea (group III); 40 g/L M. spicata tea (group IV). The control group rats were given commercial drinking water (Hayat DANONESA water). The tea for the other groups was prepared daily and provided at all times to the rats during 30 days as drinking water. Plasma urea and creatinine levels were determined, and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in the homogenates of kidney tissue. The levels of plasma urea and creatinine were increased significantly (P < 0.0033) in groups III and IV when compared with group I. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly (P < 0.0033) in group IV when compared with group I. The activities of CAT were decreased significantly in groups III and IV (P < 0.033, P < 0.0033, respectively) when compared with group I. TBARS levels were increased significantly (P < 0.0033) in groups III and IV when compared with group I. In groups II, III and IV, hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, the epithelial cells with picnotic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, tubular dilatation and enlargements in Bowman capsules were observed histologically. However, in group II histopathological changes were more slight than in groups III and IV. In group IV, in addition to these changes, extremely hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, some atrophic tubules and glomerules, and focal mononuclear cell infiltrations in the kidney tissues of the rats were observed. In conclusion, the results indicate that M. piperita does not show nephrotoxicity but M. spicata presents markedly nephrotoxic changes in rats.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita L. and Mentha spicata L. on kidney tissue in rats. 1275 72

The plant Mentha piperita, or peppermint, is commonly used in the treatment of loss of appetite, common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, fever, nausea and vomiting, and indigestion as a herbal agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate biochemical and histological effects of M. piperita Labiatae, growing in the Yenisar Bademli town of Isparta city, and Mentha spicata Labiatae, growing in the Anamas high plateau of the Yenisar Bademli town, on the rat liver tissue. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for this study. Rats were divided into four groups of 12 animals: Group I received no herbal tea (control group); Group II received 20 g/L M. piperita tea; Group III received 20 g/L M. spicata tea; and Group IV received 40 g/L M. spicata tea. Herbal teas were prepared daily and provided at all times to the rats during 30 days as drinking water. Liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) activities were measured. To evaluate liver antioxidant defences, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities were determined in the homogenates of liver tissue. In addition, liver tissues were submitted for histopathologic examination. AST and ALT activities were increased in Group II, Group III and Group IV gradually when compared with the control group. The difference between Group II and the control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). Increases in AST and ALT activities of Group III and Group IV were statistically significant when compared with the control group. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased in Group II when compared with the control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). However, SOD, GSH-Px activities and the TBARS level were significantly increased, and CAT activity was significantly decreased in Group III when compared with the control group. In Group IV, while SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased, the TBARS level was increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.0016). Histopathological evaluation of experimental groups revealed a mild to severe degree of hepatic damage when compared to the control group. In Group II, there was only minimal hepatocytes degeneration. In Groups III and IV, there were granular or ballooning hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, sinusoidal and central vein dilatation. It was concluded that lipid peroxidation and hepatic damage occurs after M. piperita and M. spicata administration in rat liver and the damage seems to be dose dependent.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. 1502 12


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>