Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The American Cancer Society's seven warning signs of cancer are: 1. Unusual bleeding or discharge. 2. A lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere. 3. A sore that does not heal. 4. Change in bowel or bladder habits. 5. Hoarseness or cough. 6. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing. 7. Change in size or color of a wart or mole. These signs apply to children as well as to adults. Cancer in children, however, is often more insidious than in adults and may well mimic many other diseases, developmental processess, or childhood psychologic problems. The knowledge that cancer kills more children than any other disease and the awareness of the presenting symptoms and signs may well save a child's life. Early detection with prompt, aggressive therapy is of paramount importance in achieving cures in childhood cancer.
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PMID:Symptoms and signs of cancer in the school-age child. 19 Apr 77

In a prospective study the diagnostic value of biopsy and that of brush cytology in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were compared. The patients included in the study were endoscopied because of upper abdominal dyspepsia. When the endoscopic appearance of the mucosa suggested malignancy, and in all cases in which ulcerations were seen, brush cytological smear and at least five biopsies were obtained. The cytology and the biopsy specimens were assessed by two different pathologists in a mutual blind fashion. If the result of the examination suggested or showed the presence of cancer, it was considered positive. The results were evaluated by means of sequential analysis. When 195 examinations had been included in the study, disagreement had occurred in 8 cases, in all of which the biopsy was verified as correct. This difference is significant. In 187 cases the result of the 2 tests were in agreement, but in 3 cases the result of both tests were falsely negative. It was concluded that no diagnostic advantage was gained by the addition of brush cytology to endoscopic biopsy.
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PMID:Biopsy and brush cytology in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. 43 41

In order to assess the risk of gastric cancer (GC) developing in patients with pernicious anaemia (PA), the prevalence of PA was analysed in all patients with GC notified to the Danish Cancer Registry in 1972. Among 877 patients with GC, PA had previously been diagnosed in 19 (2.2%). In seven of these, PA had been diagnosed only shortly before GC. Accordingly, the diagnosis of PA could be regarded as unquestionable only in the remaining 12 cases (1.3%). In either case, the frequency of PA was significantly higher than in a reference group of patients with cancer of the colon who had been selected in the same way. Calculation of the incidence of GC in PA patients showed that this was about three times higher than in the general population. The annual risk of GC was calculated to be 0.3%. In PA patients, the tumour was primarily localized to the body and fundus of the stomach, whereas it mainly involved the antral and pyloric region in patients without PA. In view of the low cancer rate it is concluded that routine gastroscopy and barium meal examination are not indicated in PA patients in general. Whenever a patient with PA complains of dyspepsia, examinations with gastroscopy and barium meal should, however, be carried out on liberal indications.
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PMID:Pernicious anaemia as a risk factor in gastric cancer. 50 4

Iceland (IS) and Denmark (DK) are ethnically, culturally, and economically closely related Nordic countries, but gastric cancer is much more frequent in Iceland, and other differences in the occurrence rates of gastric diseases are also suspected. Therefore a cooperative study was initiated comparing Icelandic and Danish patients with gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU), and X-ray negative dyspepsia (XND) as regards clinical features, external factors of possible importance for gastritis and cancer, gastroscopic appearance, and histological gastric mucosal changes. The project lasted one year and comprised 93 Icelandic and 88 Danish patients. A large number of comparisons showed a high degree of similarity between Icelandic and Danish patients. Significant differences were found in tobacco consumption (DK greater than IS), duration of symptoms in XND (IS greater than DK), whereas the positon ratio of GU (IS less than DK) and acetylsalicylic acid consumption (DK greater than IS) showed non-significant trends. Significant difference was found between the occurrence of diffuse macroscopic changes of the gastric mucosa (IS greater than DK), which corresponds to the histological differences to be described in a subsequent article.
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PMID:A prospective comparative study of clinical and histological characteristics in Icelandic and Danish patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and X-ray negative dyspepsia. I. Design and clinical features. 92 8

A review is presented of 854 patients suffering from cancer of the stomach who attended St Bartholomew's Hospital between 1948 and 1962. The presentations and methods of investigations showed little change over the 15-year period, which is similar to other large series. The symptoms of anaemia and indigestion appear to be paramount in making an early diagnosis, and negative barium meal studies should not be accepted when these two symptoms are present. There are indications that early laporotomy and a more aggressive surgical approach may increase the 5-year survival rate.
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PMID:Cancer of the stomach: a review of 854 patients. 95 63

This study aimed to validate the use of a decision support system previously developed on answers to a structured interview of dyspeptic outpatients and designed to identify patients at low risk of organic dyspepsia. We evaluated the performance of the scoring system in two cohorts of dyspeptic outpatients: 878 consecutive Danish patients (study group) referred for upper endoscopy and 1279 British patients whose results had previously been reported (validation group). Performance of the scoring system was analysed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and comparison of loss in detection rate of organic dyspepsia, defined as cancer, ulcer, and complicated oesophagitis. The performance of the scoring system in the study group was less favourable over the entire span of cut-off points evaluated. This was reflected by a significant decrease in area under the ROC curve (65.1% versus 75.0%). The only cut-off point with an acceptable loss in detection rate (3.1%) led to a reduction in endoscopic activity of only 7.5%. Despite optimal working conditions the scoring system could not be used as a safe method of extracting dyspeptic patients with a low probability of organic dyspepsia. Before adopting a predictive scoring system, clinicians must evaluate its applicability in their own setting.
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PMID:Prediction of major pathologic conditions in dyspeptic patients referred for endoscopy. A prospective validation study of a scoring system. 145 99

This study measured the prevalence of chronic medical conditions in 4,549 middle aged persons attending three large general practices in Dublin over the course of a calender year. The prevalence of the following conditions were measured: coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, asthma, chronic bronchitis, rheumatic disorders, dyspepsia, depression, anxiety disorders, psychoses, and cancer. In order to obtain a valid denominator for the study a second community based study was carried out in the same areas to determine what proportion of persons visit their general practitioner over the course of a year. Overall 40.5% of males and 44% of females suffered from a least one of the twelve conditions, with rheumatic disorders having the highest prevalence (14.5%) and psychotic disorders the lowest (0.75%).
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PMID:General practice estimates of the prevalence of common chronic conditions. 147 57

Pain site and radiation and the effect of various foods were studied prospectively in a consecutive series of patients with chronic upper abdominal pain. Patients followed for less than one year were excluded unless peptic ulcer or abdominal malignancy had been diagnosed or laparotomy had been carried out. A total of 632 patients were eligible for the first study and 431 for the second. Gastric ulcer pain was more likely to be left hypochondrial (17%) compared with pain from duodenal ulcer (4%) or from all other conditions (5%). It was less likely to be epigastric (54%) compared with duodenal ulcer pain (75%). Oesophageal pain was more likely to be both retrosternal and epigastric (25%) compared with non-oesophageal pain (2%). Radiation to the back was more common in peptic ulcer (31%) and biliary pain (35%) compared with functional pain (20%). Pain precipitation by fatty foods was commoner in biliary disease (40%) than in duodenal ulcer (11%), peptic ulcer (9%), or non-ulcer dyspepsia (19%). Orange, alcohol, and coffee precipitated pain more frequently in duodenal ulcer (41%, 50%, and 43% respectively) than in biliary disease (17%, 0%, and 14% respectively). Chilli precipitated pain in one quarter to one half of subjects regardless of diagnosis. Approximately one tenth of all subjects avoided chilli, curry, coffee, and tea because of medical or other advice.
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PMID:Chronic upper abdominal pain: site and radiation in various structural and functional disorders and the effect of various foods. 162 52

Helicobacter pylori (HP) are Gram-negative spiral bacteria which occur in the human stomach. The bacteria were cultured in vitro for the first time in 1983. It is suspected that the bacteria may cause chronic gastritis of type B and may also be a contributory cause of chronic ulceration and cancer of the stomach. The bacteria are accompanied by characteristic inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa. The significance for gastritis, chronic ulceration, non-ulcer dyspepsia and carcinoma of the stomach is discussed. HP occurs in a great proportion of the population of the world and the frequency increases with age. The route of infection is unknown but faecal-oral infection is probable. Correlation between the presence of HP and the occurrence of symptoms is poor in the individual patient. The bacteria can be demonstrated histologically, cytologically, by culture, by the urease test, by the urease expiration test or serologically. The bacteria are sensitive for a series of antibiotics and bismuth but no effective treatment is known as the recurrence rate is high.
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PMID:[Helicobacter pylori]. 163 4

Today about 90% of patients with testicular cancer can be cured. The consideration of treatment-related long-term morbidity has, therefore, become an important issue. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy induces long-lasting Raynaud-like phenomena and/or peripheral sensoric, usually mild, neuropathy in 30-40% of the patients. Irreversible reduction of renal function is a frequent finding after chemotherapy, especially if high doses of cisplatin are given. Abdominal radiotherapy is generally well tolerated but may lead to slight chronic meteorism and dyspepsia. 'Dry ejaculation' represents the principal sequelae after retroperitoneal surgery. The frequency of this side effect can be reduced by nerve-sparing surgery. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce spermatogenesis transiently. About 2 years after discontinuation of treatment, sperm production has recovered in most of the patients with normal pretreatment gonadal function. At least half of the patients with a desire for post-treatment paternity are able to father a child after their treatment. Assisted fertilization may reduce post-treatment infertility problems for individual couples. In general, cured testicular cancer patients are more satisfied with life than an age-matched control group, but may present a greater fluctuation of their mood and affect. In conclusion, most cured testicular cancer patients enjoy a normal life if precaution is taken to reduce therapy-related side effects to a minimum. However, reduction of the complication rate would not lead to a decrease of the present high cure rate of this malignancy.
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PMID:Long-term morbidity and quality of life in testicular cancer patients. 178 14


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