Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients presented with a unilateral supranuclear facial palsy. Additional dysarthria was attributed to the pontine origin documented by magnetic resonance imaging on the contralateral side. The pontine disorder also was indicated by an isolated delay of the blink reflex R1 component or of the masseter reflex. We attribute the facial palsy to a lesion of a supranuclear fiber bundle supplying the facial nucleus. The location of the lesions favors these fibers taking a separate course from the main pyramidal tract at the mid- to upper pontine level.
Stroke 1990 Dec
PMID:Pontine supranuclear facial palsy. 226 85

A 64-year-old hypertensive woman with hyponatremia due to acute gastroenteritis and the use of diuretics developed dysarthria, dysphagia, and quadriparesis 4 days after rapid correction of hyponatremia. The clinical course, electrodiagnosis (blink reflex) and cranial computed tomographic findings are compatible with an antemortem diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). CPM can be prevented by cautious correction of hyponatremia. Spontaneous recovery in this case contrasts sharply to the poor outcome in previously reported cases of CPM.
Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1990 Dec
PMID:Antemortem diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis--report of a case. 228 70

Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is a terminal, demyelinating disease affecting upper- and lower-motor neurons and producing muscular weakness resulting in a characteristic spastic-flaccid dysarthria of speech. The present study investigates the relationship between the temporal-acoustic parameters of the speech of 15 individuals with MND as they relate to the progression of the disease and clinicians' judgments of dysarthria severity. When temporal-acoustic parameters are used to predict the progression of MND, it becomes apparent that victims provide compensatory gestures to mark voicing distinctions. When the same acoustic parameters are used to predict clinician judgments of severity, it is found that clinicians tend to use the same temporal cues that mark actual disease progression. Differences between the two sets of predictions relate to the linguistic systems of both speaker and judge, and the implications of this are discussed.
J Commun Disord 1990 Dec
PMID:Dysarthria of motor neuron disease: clinician judgments of severity. 228 23

Case S.S. 59 years of age, male. At the age of 25, he had admitted to sanatorium for 7 years because of pulmonary tuberculosis. After his discharge, at the age of 45, he had started complaining of depressive mood or the idea of suicide and admitted to a mental hospital. Psychiatric diagnosis was depression and slight mental retardation. Shortly after, his depressive mood was improved, but his hypochondriac attitude was unchanged. No tendency toward dementia was proven. At the age of 54, he became enable to walk. Neurologically, pyramidal and some sort of extrapyramidal signs, dysarthria, disturbance of swallowing, fecal and urinary incontinence became apparent. Laboratory data showed scarcely any abnormality. At the age of 59, he died of bronchopneumonia. Neuropathologically, moderate degeneration of dentate nucleus, slight degeneration of pyramidal tract from medulla oblongata to spinal cord, striatum, substantia nigra were found. Neither senile plaques nor neurofibrillary changes could be seen throughout central nervous system. The most important finding is the presence of peculiar acidophilic bodies. They are round or oval, 10 approximately 20 mu in diameter and distributed in dentate nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, central grey of midbrain, superior colliculus, putamen, pallidum, subthalamic nucleus, Zona incerta, hypothalamus, Locus coeruleus, reticular formation of midbrain and pons, pontine nucleus, raphe nucleus, vestibular nucleus, inferior olive in order of number of the bodies. These bodies are scattered in so-called ground substance, and have no relations to any cell bodies or cell processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
No To Shinkei 1985 Dec
PMID:[An autopsy case with peculiar acidophilic bodies in the dentate nucleus and brain stem, associated with degeneration of the pyramidal-extrapyramidal systems]. 241 58

Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease (NIHID) has been recognized in 14 patients. It usually occurs in the first and second decades but has been seen in the sixth. Both sexes are affected by this sporadic multisystem degenerative disorder that has involved the central and peripheral nervous systems with fibrillar and granular intranuclear inclusions. NIHID appears to be several variants of a multisystem degenerative disease as illustrated by the combination of a spontaneous, degenerative central and peripheral nervous system disorder with neuronal intranuclear inclusions and severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in a 23-year-old white man. Beginning at 11 years of age, this patient had experienced diffuse muscle spasms, dysarthria, dysphagia, tremors, ataxia, oculogyric crises, progressive muscle weakness, and atrophy. At autopsy, neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusions and neuronal loss were seen in his brain, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord, bowel, bladder, and esophagus. These fibrillary and granular Cowdry type A and B intraneuronal inclusions were consistent with the diagnosis of NIHID associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1987 Dec
PMID:Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease associated with premature coronary atherosclerosis. 244 45

Neurological disorders associated with a malignant neoplasm, which is not caused by a direct effect such as metastasis, infiltration or compression, is called carcinomatous neuromyopathy. Subacute cerebellar degeneration recognized in this category is characterized by acutely or subacutely progressive cerebellar ataxia and widespread loss of Purkinje cells. There have been several reports of subacute cerebellar degeneration in lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease, but rare in urogenital malignancies. We present a patient with neurological disorder considered subacute cerebellar degeneration associated with HCG-beta positive seminoma. A 29-year-old man noticed a left intrascrotal mass in the summer of 1984. The mass began to grow in April, 1985 and diplopia, gait disturbance and dysarthria appeared late in May. He consulted our hospital on July 20, 1985. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-beta was elevated to 200 ng/ml but alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were normal. Left high orchiectomy was performed and the tumor was diagnosed histologically as typical seminoma. Bulky metastatic tumor was recognized in retroperitoneum on abdominal CT but brain CT was normal. VAB VI chemotherapy was performed. The retroperitoneal metastatic tumor disappeared and HCG-beta was normalized and complete remission achieved, but cerebellar symptoms still remain 14 months after remission. This case is considered to be subacute cerebellar degeneration associated with seminoma and is the second case with testicular carcinoma reported.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1987 Dec
PMID:[Subacute cerebellar degeneration with HCG-beta positive seminoma of the testis]. 245 60

A 58-year-old female suffered frequent attacks of unconsciousness due to vertebrobasilar insufficiency. She had a slight left hemiparesis, dysarthria, gait disturbance, and decreased vibration sense. Angiography revealed remarkable stenoses of the bilateral vertebral artery origin with inadequate collateral flow from the anterior circulation. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed on the more severely narrowed left vertebral artery through transfemoral approach. This was followed by PTA on the right one through transbrachial approach after an interval of 3 weeks. The procedure cleared off the signs and symptoms; neuroradiological studies including angiography and Xe-CT scan confirmed the improvement. PTA has been performed on stenotic lesions at the origin of the vertebral artery and the common carotid artery with more safety than on stenotic lesions of the other cerebral arteries, because of the smooth luminal non-ulcerated lesions of the former. In spite of the possibility of restenosis after PTA, in selected cases, PTA leads to good results, less complications and shorter stay in hospital. These factors are of major benefit to the patients. In the future, PTA may be an alternative method for treating arterial stenotic lesions in the field of neurosurgery.
No Shinkei Geka 1989 Dec
PMID:[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of bilateral vertebral arteries: case report]. 253 27

Earlier studies by other authors indicate that vestibular stimulation may improve attention and dysarthria in head injured patients. In the present study of five severely head injured patients and five controls, the effect of vestibular stimulation on reaction times (reflecting attention) and some motor speech parameters (reflecting dysarthria) was investigated. After eight weeks with regular stimulation, it was concluded that reaction time changes were individual and consistent for a given subject. Only occasionally were they shortened after stimulation. However, reaction time was lengthened in three cases, prohibiting further stimulation in one case. Motion sickness was prohibitive in a second case. However, after-stimulation increase of phonation time and/or vital capacity was found in one patient and four controls. Oral diadochokinetic rates were slowed in several cases. Collectively, when stimulation induced changes of reaction times or motor speech parameters, the changes were more pronounced in patients than in controls.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989 Dec
PMID:Vestibular stimulation after head injury: effect on reaction times and motor speech parameters. 233 94

The authors report a clinical review of 16 childhood cases with early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes. The preservation of tendon reflexes distinguishes this disorder from Friedreich's ataxia. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 7.1 years. The main presenting symptom was abnormal gait (100%). Ataxia of gait and limbs and normal or increased tendon reflexes were found in all cases. This disorder is associated with dysarthria, pyramidal signs in the limbs, and in some instances, sensory loss. Other important differences from Friedreich's ataxia are absence of optic atrophy, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy and severe skeletal deformity. Sensory nerve conduction was found to be normal, excluding one case. This finding constitutes another aspect of the syndrome different from Freidreich's ataxia. CT scans were normal in 2 of the 4 cases. The remaining two cases showed cerebellar atrophy. Inheritance is probably autosomal recessive in the majority of cases.
Acta Neurol Scand 1989 Dec
PMID:Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes. 261 87

Three patients from two families had an unusual phenotypical variant of late-onset hexosaminidase-A deficiency. The clinical picture was dominated by spinal motor neuron involvement mimicking juvenile-onset spinal muscular atrophy. Atypical features included prominent muscle cramps, postural and action tremor, recurrent psychosis, incoordination, corticospinal and corticobulbar involvement, and dysarthria. The presence of these atypical features in patients whose lower motor neuron involvement would otherwise be consistent with juvenile-onset spinal muscular atrophy should raise the suspicion of the presence of hexosaminidase-A deficiency and GM2 gangliosidosis that can be proved by appropriate enzyme assays.
Arch Neurol 1985 Dec
PMID:Hexosaminidase-A deficiency presenting as atypical juvenile-onset spinal muscular atrophy. 293 15


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