Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The observation in 14 dialysis patients of an encephalopathy associating myoclonia, dysarthria, generalised seizures in some cases, worsening over a few months, led to an aetiological inquiry based upon comparative study of patients with or without encephalopathy treated in the same centre or at home, and controls. Higher levels of aluminium were found in the frontal cortex grey matter of encephalopathy patients as compared to the control group. The same applies to manganese in the white matter. Copper, zinc and iron contents were not different. Aluminium levels in blood, dialysis bath and tap water supply were higher in center dialysis than in home dialysis. Blood aluminium levels at the end of hemodialysis were correlated with bath aluminium levels. The ingestion of alumine gels was not greater in the encephalopathy patients than in other hemodialysis patients; its estimation, in each case, was not related to the blood aluminium levels at the begining of hemodialysis. These finding indicate the need of a routine measure of metal content - mainly aluminium and manganese - in tap water used for dialysis, in order to treat this water if necessary.
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PMID:[Progressive myoclonic encephalopathy in dialysis patients. The role of the water used for haemodialysis (author's transl)]. 65 14

Eleven survivors of Reye's syndrome ranging in age from 9 months to 12 years were evaluated for neurological and psychoeducational sequelae. Seven children showed significant neuropsychological sequelae, ranging from severe global psychomotor retardation to mild specific perceptual and/or language impairments and from spastic quadriplegia and decorticate posturing to mild dysarthria. The severity of sequelae was inversely related to age of the child at onset of the disease. Whereas those children developing the syndrome when they were less than 1 year of age were seriously impaired, 3 children developing it in late childhood sustained no sequelae. Biochemical and neurological status at disease onset did not predict neuropsychological outcome. The results parallel the pattern of sequelae for other encephalopathies and suggest the importance for both child and family of early developmental evaluation following recovery from the disease.
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PMID:Neurological and intellectual sequelae of Reye's syndrome. 65

The areas of cerebellar damage most commonly associated with dysarthria were sought by reviewing the clinical, radiographic, surgical, and autopsy findings in patients with nondegenerative cerebellar disease. Case histories on 162 patients with focal cerebellar lesions were reviewed. All but 15 of the patients underwent surgery, and 28 had autopsies. Thirty-one of the 122 patients with adequate descriptions of speech had dysarthria. Twenty-two of these 31 dysarthric patients had exclusively or predominantly left cerebellar hemisphere disease; 7 had right hemisphere disease; and 2 had vermal disease. Only 19 of 41 patients with exclusively or predominantly left hemisphere disease had had normal speech before surgery. Dysarthria developed in isolated cases following cerebellar resections extending into the paravermal segments of the left hemisphere. There was no correlation between the extent of vermal damage and development of abnormal speech. Cerebellar speech function was most commonly affected with damage to the superior portion of the left cerebellar hemisphere.
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PMID:Speech disorders in cerebellar disease. 66 68

The author presents a case report of a manic-depressive patient who developed dysarthria and ataxia while on lithium maintenance. These symptoms were erroneously attributed to lithium toxicity occurring at therapeutic serum levels. However, the symptoms persisted despite diminution in lithium dosage and a neurological consultation revealed the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The author concludes that lithium therapy is effective with manic-depressive patients, that adverse side effects are infrequent and can occur at toxic or therapeutic serum lithium levels, and that the exceptional patient may have a second illness incorrectly attributed to lithium toxicity.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis masquerading as lithium toxicity. 69 Jun 25

"Fahr's Disease" is characterized by bilateral and symmetrical calcifications of the Globus Pallidus (systematically extending to the Commisura Anterior and the Capsula Interna, and less commonly to the Putamen, the Centrum Semi-Ovale and the Cerebral Cortex), and of the Cerebellar Nucleus Dentalus (with spreading to the White Matter and the Cortical Lamellae). Lesions or absence of Parathyroids are frequently related, with subsequent metabolic disorders of Phosphorus and Calcium, but idiopathic cases without hypoparathyroid disturbances are also found. A Morgagni-Morel Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna is often associated with "Fahr's Disease", and there could be a relationship between these two affections. We found in three cases the association between "Fahr's Disease" and Morel's Nodular Dysgenesis of the Frontal Cortex. Most of the cases are sporadic, but observations with a clear familial incidence are also found. Clinically, various Neurological Disorders (cerebellar, extrapyramidal, pyramidal, dysarthria, epileptic seizures) are often but not always observed; the Psychiatric Disorders found in some cases could be fortuitious associations (psychoses), connected to hypothyroidism (oligophrenia), and in aged patients, to unrelated cerebral vascular or degenerative lesions; very seldom, a dementing state could be connected to the spreading of calcifications to the Cerebral Cortex.
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PMID:[Pallido-dentate calcifications (apropos of 7 anatomo-clinical case reports)]. 69 68

A case of spontaneous pontine hematoma in young boy, with remitting and relapsing clinical course of up to 11 years, suspected of having pontine glioma or multiple sclerosis is reported. Differential diagnosis of these are mentioned with reference to our cases of pontine glioma. This patient was a man aged 16. At 5 years of age he had his first episode of double vision. 20 days after first episode, gait disturbance, left facial palsy and consciousness disturbance developed. Neurological and neuroradiological examination revealed a pontine glioma and radiotherapy was administered. All signs and symptoms resolved except for bilateral abducens palsy. Four months later, he again complained of gait disturbance and facial palsy. Examination revealed bilateral conjugate ocular palsy, left facial palsy and cerebellar ataxia. These symptoms again resolved spontaneously, except for bilateral abducens palsy. At age 16 years, having been asymptomatic for 10 years, he suddenly noticed loss of taste. At that time sensory disturbance of the left side of himself, right hearing disturbance, dysarthria and retardation urinae. Neurological examination revealed bilateral optic atropy, bilateral abducens palsy, left facial palsy, right hyperacuisis, dysarthria, left hemiparesis, hypesthesia of the left side of the body and left cerebellar ataxia. The vertebral angiography was no evidences of mass lesion and vascular anomalies. The computed tomography demonstrated a pontine hematoma. Conservative therapy was performed and these symptoms cleared off except for bilateral abducens palsy.
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PMID:[A case of spontaneous pontine hematoma in patient suspected of pontine glioma and multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. 72 72

A description of 2 cases of disseminated sclerosis during exacerbations and paroxysms of dysarthria and ataxia in the clinical picture is given. These attacks are connected with processes of demyelinization and are differentiated with epilepsy. On the basis of neurophysiological studies the mechanisms of paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia are discussed. The attacks were arrested under the influence of carbamazepine. The action of the drug is explained by its manifold properties.
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PMID:[Paroxysmal attacks of dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis]. 72 59

Eight techniques for quantifying intelligibility of dysarthric speech were compared. Eight dysarthric speakers who represented a wide range of severity were recorded producing single words and sentences. Thirty-two college students performed the following intelligibility quantification tasks: percentage estimates, rating scale estimates, work and sentence transcriptions, word and sentence completions, and word and sentence multiple-choice tasks. Intelligibility scores for transcriptions were compared to estimates and to other objective tasks with the following results: (1) all measurement techniques, except word completion, rank ordered speakers similarly to transcriptions, (2) mean estimates of intelligibility closely parallel transcription scores, but dispersion of listener estimates was large, and (3) objective tasks form a hierarchy with speakers receiving lowest scores on transcriptions, intermediate scores on completions, and highest scores on multiple-choice tasks. Mean scores for words and sentences were similar. Implications of results for clinical management of dysarthria are discussed.
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PMID:A comparison of techniques for measuring intelligibility of dysarthric speech. 73 65

Paroxysmal syndromes do not occur frequently in the course of multiple sclerosis, but require diagnostic considerations of particular nature. The pathogenesis and clinical aspects of a) cerebral convulsions, b) (usually appearing unilaterally) tonic brain stem seizures, c) narcoleptic attacks, d) hemiballismus, e) acute attacks of vertigo, f) paroxysmal dysarthria, g) trigeminal neuralgia are discussed.
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PMID:[Paroxysmal syndromes in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. 82 88

A 66-year-old man (case 1) and a 71-year-old woman (case 2) showed systemic degeneration of the globus pallidus, substancia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, centrum medianum thalami and at times, superior colliculus in the midbrain. In the pallido-nigral system, neuronal loss was severe in both cases and an increase of pigment and granular spheroids was marked in case 2, less in case 1. Electron-microscopically, the spheroids consisted of aggregates of highly dense material, often membrane-bound, and varying amounts of groups of loosely packed filaments. Clinical symptoms were stereotyped and unique, showing severe akinesia, no rigidity in the limbs, no tremor but retropulsions, upward gaze palsy, dysarthria, dysphagia and later, nuchal stiffness. Nosological identification is discussed.
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PMID:Pallido-nigro-luysial atrophy associated with degeneration of the centrum medianum. A clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study. 84 97


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