Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sydenham's chorea (chorea minor, St. Vitus dance, rheumatic encephalitis), described by Thomas Sydenham in 1686, is considered one of the major manifestations of rheumatic fever (1, 2, 3, 4). Clinically it is characterized by involuntary movements, hypotonia, dysarthria, emotional disorders, and less frequently, by other neurological manifestations such as weakness, headache, seizures and sensory abnormalities (1,4). The motor disorders may be generalized or unilateral, in this case constituting a hemichorea (3). Chorea may present associated to other rheumatic fever manifestations during an acute episode, or in isolated form, characterizing the so-called "pure" chorea (5, 6, 7). Its etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear, although its relation with a previous pathophysiological group A Beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection is well established (8). There is also evidence of the participation of immunological mechanisms in its pathogenesis, such as the finding of serum anti-nucleus caudatus and anti-subthalamic antibodies (9) and increase in IgG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chorea (10). In developed countries due to the reduction in rheumatic fever incidence and decrease in frequency of chorea as its manifestation (3, 11), the latter has become rare. However, in developing countries rheumatic fever remains a public health problem. In Brazil, in the last years an increase in the incidence of chorea has been observed as part of the clinical picture of rheumatic fever (12). The present study reports the clinical and laboratory findings of 187 cases of Sydenham's chorea followed-up during the period of January 1980 to December 1990 in two university centers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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PMID:Sydenham chorea: clinical and laboratory findings. Analysis of 187 cases. 134 Oct 4

A 9-year-old boy developed ataxia, right transient hemiparesis, left transient hemichorea, dysarthria and swallowing difficulties with left velar paralysis following two transient episodes of vomiting, headache and dizziness. Angiography demonstrated an occlusion of the distal part of the basilar artery. Thirty-six previously reported cases of vertebro-basilar arterial occlusion in children were reviewed, with particular regard to possible etiologies.
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PMID:Vertebro-basilar arterial occlusion in childhood--report of a case and review of the literature. 667 Jul 13

To document possible changing characteristics of Sydenham chorea, we reviewed records of 240 patients with this diagnosis who were seen between 1951 and 1976. A dramatic progressive decline in the number of cases was observed. The syndrome occurred mainly in childhood. Female predominance was apparent only after the 10. There was a high femilial incidence for both chorea and rheumatic fever. Most patients had generalized chorea, and fewer than 20% had hemichorea. Dysarthria, probably of extrapyramidal origin, was frequent but neurologic abnormalities other than diffuse encephalopathy were rare. One-third of the patients had coexisting heart disease. Repeat attacks of Sydenham chorea occurred, but the recurrence rate was much less than noted in previous studies.
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PMID:Sydenham chorea: an update. 718 38

A 65-year-old hypertensive man was admitted because of abnormal involuntary movements which had an onset one month prior to the admission. Neurological examination revealed an alert and intelligent male in no acute distress. Cranial nerves appeared intact except for dysarthria. His gait was wide-based. He had hemiballism-hemichorea in his left upper and lower extremities. Cranial CT scans revealed a high density area confined to the right putamen. After admission, his involuntary movements slowly improved without medication. After near complete disappearance of his abnormal movements two weeks after admission, he noted that smoking induced choreic movement in his left side transiently. The involuntary movement ceased soon after upon stopping smoking. This was repeatedly observed not only by him but also by us. Our observation may indicate that the inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus as the result of the decrease of the putaminal output to the external segment of the globus pallidus will induce hemiballism. The effect of smoking on his involuntary movements can be understood as a result of increase in the dopamine release from the nigrostriatal terminals induced by nicotine.
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PMID:[Hemiballism-hemichorea caused by a putaminal hemorrhage with worsening after smoking--a case report]. 836 67

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of atypical lacunar syndrome (ALS) based on data collected from a prospective acute stroke registry. In total, 2500 acute stroke patients were included in a hospital based prospective stroke registry over a 12 year period, of whom 39 were identified as having ALS and radiologically proven (by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) lacunes. ALS accounted for 1.8% of all acute stroke patients, 2.1% of acute ischaemic stroke, and 6.8% of lacunar syndromes. ALS included dysarthria facial paresis (n = 12) or isolate dysarthria (n = 9), isolated hemiataxia (n = 4), pure motor hemiparesis with transient internuclear ophthalmoplegia (n = 4), pure motor hemiparesis with transient subcortical aphasia (n = 3), unilateral (n = 2) or bilateral (n = 3) paramedian thalamic infarct syndrome, and hemichorea hemiballismus (n = 2). Atypical lacunar syndromes were due to small vessel disease in 96% of patients. Atherothrombotic infarction occurred in one patient and cardioembolic infarct in another, both presenting pure dysarthria. Outcome was good (in hospital mortality 0%, symptom free at discharge 28.2%). After multivariate analysis, the variables of speech disturbances, nausea/vomiting, ischaemic heart disease, and sensory symptoms were found to be significantly associated with ALS. In conclusion, atypical lacunar syndrome is an infrequent stroke subtype (one of each 14 lacunar strokes). ALS occurred in 6.8% of lacunar strokes. Isolated dysarthria or dysarthria facial paresis were the most frequent presenting forms. The prognosis of this infrequent non-classic lacunar syndrome is good.
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PMID:Clinical study of 39 patients with atypical lacunar syndrome. 1648 49