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Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated the isometric force and static position control of the upper lip, lower lip, tongue, jaw, and finger in four subject groups (normal control, apraxia of speech, conduction aphasia, and ataxic dysarthria) at two force and displacement levels. Results from both the force and position tasks suggested that the apraxic and dysarthric groups tended to produce significantly greater instability than the normal group, although the pattern of instability across articulators was not systematic within or across the force and position experiments for subjects within or between groups. The conduction aphasic group produced force and position stability that typically was not significantly different from any of the remaining three groups, suggesting that their force and position stability as indexed in the present study fell somewhere between that of the normal group and the apraxic and dysarthric groups. It is suggested that other analyses of force and position control, such as descriptive accounts of the trial-by-trial time histories, might shed additional light on the speech and orofacial sensorimotor control deficits in persons with apraxia, dysarthria, and conduction aphasia.
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PMID:Oral structure nonspeech motor control in normal, dysarthric, aphasic and apraxic speakers: isometric force and static position control. 235 66

Twenty five cases of subcortical aphasia of vascular origin (15 haemorrhagic, 10 ischaemic), have been studied in detail by means of neurolinguistic and brain-scanning approaches. The neurolinguistic investigation allowed three groups to be distinguished. Group 1 comprised 4 cases of dysarthria. Group 2 was made up of 9 classical syndromes of aphasia: 2 global aphasias, 3 Broca's aphasias, 3 cases of Wernicke's aphasia and 1 case of conduction aphasia. Group 3 consisted in 12 unusual aphasic syndromes, i.e. 2 mixed aphasias and 10 cases which did not correspond with any traditional semiological description and are spoken of as "dissident" (or anomalous) cases. The CT scan results revealed a wide range of focal lesions for the same clinical syndrome; the 10 "dissident" cases were, in particular, associated with a large variety of lesions. After a discussion of the anatomical limits of the subcortical lesions, 2 points emerge: 1) in the current state of technological experience no anatomo-clinical correlation can be drawn as regards language-deficiencies of subcortical origin. 2) in almost half the cases a "unique" syndrome of aphasia has been observed and described, which at first might suggest the diagnosis of a subcortical lesion.
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PMID:[Subcortical aphasia. Neruolinguistic and x-ray computed tomography studies of 25 cases]. 608 81

A 3-year-old, right-handed girl developed a conduction-type aphasia following a second generalized seizure in the setting of a developing abscess involving left subcortical and cortical angular gyrus and arcuate fasciculus, and the posterior corpus callosum. The language disorder was fluent, characterized by age appropriate mean length of utterance and syntax, but with markedly reduced spontaneity of output, rapid rate of speech and mild dysarthria. Comprehension was relatively, but not completely spared. Naming, repetition, and reading (letters) were initially markedly impaired. Improvements in naming and repetition were associated with both literal and semantic paraphasias. Writing skills in the form of drawing were spared, but a mild apraxia to verbal command and imitation was initially present. Despite her young age, this child's fluent conduction aphasia and lesion localization were adult-like. Multimodal memory difficulties appeared to underlie what is best described as conduction aphasia.
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PMID:Conduction aphasia in a 3-year-old with a left posterior cortical/subcortical abscess. 957 Aug 80

Little is known about the clinical usefulness of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) for the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in stroke patients with aphasia. Using DTT, we attempted to investigate the clinical usefulness of the AF in patients with aphasia. Five stroke patients and 7 age- and sex-matched normal subjects were recruited for this study. We recruited stroke patients with language dysfunction who had lesions in the left corona radiata and basal ganglia level. DTT for the AF was reconstructed using DTI-studio software. Korean-Western Aphasia Battery (K-WAB) was used for measurement of language function. Patient 1, who showed mild dysarthria, revealed a normal left AF in terms of integrity and DTT parameters. In patient 2, with conduction aphasia, the left AF showed partial injury; however, the integrity of the left AF was spared. Patients 3 and 4, who had no brain lesions at Broca's area on conventional brain MRI, showed disruptions of the left AF over the stroke lesions after originating from Wernicke's area and they presented with Broca's aphasia. Patient 5 revealed global aphasia on K-WAB and the left AF was not reconstructed due to severe injury and Wallerian degeneration. We found that DTT for the AF could provide useful information on the presence or severity of injury of the AF, which could not be detected on conventional brain MRI in stoke patients. In addition, it could be helpful in classification of the aphasia type of stroke patients.
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PMID:The clinical application of the arcuate fasciculus for stroke patients with aphasia: a diffusion tensor tractography study. 2214 64