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Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neurologic disease having both upper and lower motor neuron signs and symptoms. When the speech musculature is involved, a mixed dysarthria and dysphagia usually result. In a 49-year-old man with ALS, dysarthria and dysphagia progressed from mild to severe forms over 17 months. Eleven months after the patient first experienced symptoms, neurologic examination showed fasciculations of the extremities and tongue, limb weakness, and hyperreflexia of the limbs and velopharyngeal mechanism. Tongue strength was one-fourth that of normal. Lingual alternate motions rates for consonant-vowel syllables were also reduced. To enhance lingual strength and swallowing, a tongue-strengthening program was developed for use with articulation training; to augment velopharyngeal function, a palatal lift was fitted; and to increase extremity strength, physical therapy was initiated. Six months after the initial neurologic examination, medical and speech reevaluation showed progressive weakness of the body parts affected initially; continued decline in tongue strength and lingual alternate motion rate; hypoactive reflex activity, indicative of progressive involvement of the lower motor neuron system; and continued deterioration of articulation and phonation owing to the progressive nature of the disease.
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PMID:Progressive speech deterioration and dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: case report. 49 10

This research was designed to investigate the integrity of oral motor structure and function in normal aging individuals using the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA). Subjects were 5 females and 5 males in each of 4 age categories (50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89). Two individuals, trained in the use of the FDA, administered this procedure to the 40 subjects. Test-retest reliability measures (done one week apart) for eight of the subjects revealed no change from time 1 to time 2. Minimal reduced functioning for some FDA tasks, particularly the Laryngeal Subtest and the Tongue Subtest, were noted with increasing age.
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PMID:Assessment of oral peripheral structure and function in normal aging individuals with the Frenchay. 206 68

Neurological form of Wilson's disease in children usually manifests with dystonia as the initial sign. Tremor of extremities, dysarthria and ataxia may follow. Copper deposits in gray and white matter along with the basal ganglia. A pediatric case presenting with tremor of the tongue and dysarthria as the only findings of Wilson's disease is reported. Tongue tremor should also be taken into notice within the basal ganglia symptomatology.
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PMID:Tremor of tongue and dysarthria as the sole manifestation of Wilson's disease. 217 43

Twenty patients with tongue tremor associated with essential tremor are reported. Patients were unaware of the tongue tremor, and voice disturbance was a complaint in only one patient. Three patients had an isolated tongue tremor. Hand tremor was present in 16 patients. Dystonia, myoclonus, and tremor of other body parts were present in some patients. Three patients had a mild-to-moderate dysarthria. The frequency of tongue tremor (4-8 Hz) was identical to hand tremor. The intravenous infusion of ethanol suppressed tongue tremor. Therapy with propranolol, primidone, or clonazepam also reduced tongue tremor amplitude. Tongue tremor is a common finding in some essential tremor patients but often there are no symptoms.
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PMID:Essential tongue tremor. 350 57

Tongue strength and alternate motion rates were measured in 50 normal subjects and in 18 subjects who had different neuropathologic types of dysarthria. The dysarthric subjects did not differ significantly from one another on any of the test measures. However, as a group they differed significantly from their normal counterparts in that they demonstrated weaker tongue strength, reduced and unsustained levels of maximum tongue strength effort, and slower alternate motion rates. Clinical implications are discussed.
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PMID:Tongue strength and alternate motion rates in normal and dysarthric subjects. 370 Jul 6

Tongue movement during production of the speech sounds /a/, /i/, and /k/ was examined with a real-time sector scanner positioned submentally. With this technique, it is possible to obtain excellent visualization of the tongue surface and to identify much of the intrinsic soft tissue anatomy of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Tongue movement and configuration were found to be consistent for 10 normal speakers, especially for /i/ and /k/. Three patients with neurological disease and dysarthria showed varying but significant differences in articulation compared to normals. It appears that real-time ultrasound imaging of the oral cavity is a potentially valuable technique for the clinical investigation of normal and abnormal speech.
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PMID:Tongue movement during speech: a real-time ultrasound evaluation. 642 85

Tongue strength and endurance measures were obtained from six children with developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD) aged between 5;6 years and 11;5 years and compared to those achieved by six normal speaking controls matched for age and sex. The instrument for measuring tongue strength comprised an air-filled soft rubber bulb connected to a pressure transducer. The results indicated that the DVD group had weaker lingual musculature than the controls. In addition the DVD subjects exhibited significantly reduced tongue strength endurance compared with the controls. Overall the findings support the hypothesis that a motor impairment forms at least part of the basis of DVD and may be indicative of the presence of a concomitant dysarthria in children with DVD, or may reflect an underspecification of the motor programme. The need for revision of contemporary taxonomies relating to childhood motor speech disorders is discussed.
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PMID:Impaired tongue strength and endurance in developmental verbal dyspraxia: a physiological analysis. 764 92

It is generally believed that the supranuclear innervation of the hypoglossal nucleus is bilateral and symmetrical. The aim of this work is to study the frequency and clinical characteristics of supranuclear tongue palsy in unilateral stroke. 300 patients with acute unilateral ischaemic motor strokes (excluding those in the lower brainstem) and an equal number of normal controls were studied for the presence of tongue deviation in a standardised manner. 29% of stroke patients and 5% of controls had tongue deviation (p < 0. 00001). Deviation was always to the side of the limb weakness. In patients with a history of stroke, it occurred more frequently in those with previous stroke on the contralateral side. Tongue deviation was most common in patients with clinical features of the non-lacunar stroke subtype (56%) or in those with cortical or large subcortical infarctions on brain CT scan (55 and 45%, respectively). All tongue deviations were associated with supranuclear 7th nerve palsy. Dysphagia and dysarthria occurred in 43 and 90% of patients with tongue deviation. Weakness of the arm was significantly associated with presence of tongue deviation. Tongue deviation in unilateral stroke most likely results from asymmetrical supranuclear control of the 12th cranial nerve in many individuals. The finding that it occurs relatively commonly in large (non-lacunar) infarcts and its association with dysphagia may have clinical utility.
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PMID:Tongue deviation in acute ischaemic stroke: a study of supranuclear twelfth cranial nerve palsy in 300 stroke patients. 1107 Mar 77

A tongue pressure transducer system was used to assess tongue strength, endurance, fine pressure control and rate of repetitive movement in a group of 20 individuals, aged 17 to 60 years, with dysarthria following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Comparison of the TBI group's results against data obtained from a group of 20 age and sex matched control subjects revealed reductions in tongue endurance and rate of repetitive movement. Tongue strength and fine pressure control, however, were found not to differ significantly from the control group. Pearson's product-moment correlations indicated there to be only weak correlations between the physiological nonspeech tongue parameters and the deviant perceptual articulatory features exhibited by the TBI group. Further analysis of the results on an individual subject basis revealed no clear relationships between the physiological and perceptual parameters suggesting that the TBI subjects may have been compensating in different ways for the physiological impairments.
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PMID:Physiological assessment of tongue function in dysarthria following traumatic brain injury. 1176 43

Symptomatic macroglossia occurs in some rare congenital muscle diseases, such as Becker's and Duchenne's dystrophies or Pompe's disease. Herein we describe a case of symptomatic macroglossia with myositis of the tongue occurring in a patient with polymyositis. Tongue myositis was evidenced by dysarthria, frequent biting during mastication, swallowing difficulties without aspiration, and noisy breathing. Magnetic resonance imaging showed homogeneous hypertrophy of the tongue, especially the mouth's floor muscles. The diagnosis of tongue myositis was established by electromyography and biopsy. No other cause for the macroglossia was found. Symptoms resolved quickly with corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of symptomatic tongue myositis occurring in the course of polymyositis.
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PMID:Symptomatic macroglossia and tongue myositis in polymyositis: treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. 1238 36


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