Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten patients are presented with severe dysarthria from a right hemisphere stroke, 4 with autopsies, emphasizing that this lesion alone is compatible with severely slurred speech. Most had oropharyngeal weakness; the accompanying hemiparesis was of variable severity. Superficial or deep infarctions were responsible, the smallest involving the right frontal operculum.
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PMID:Severe dysarthria with right hemisphere stroke. 358 30

A series of 79 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) were divided into 2 groups designated cortical MID and subcortical MID, according to whether the computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence or absence of cortical infarcts, and an absent to mild or moderate to severe degree of white matter low attenuation (WMLA). Cortical MID was characterized by repeated atherothrombotic and cardiogenic strokes, moto-sensory hemiparesis, a severer degree of aphasia, and abrupt onset of cognitive failure. Subcortical MID typically showed the following features: lacunar strokes, bulbar signs including dysarthria, pure motor hemiparesis, depression and emotional lability. WMLA was found in all patients with subcortical MID but also in over 60% of those with cortical MID. In the 2 groups CT scans showed equal frequencies of deep infarcts. When divided according to severity of WMLA, 92% of patients in the cortical MID group and 44% of those in the subcortical MID group were found to have at least one cortical infarct on the CT scan. Although cortical and subcortical MID differed in several clinical features, they did not show major differences in the risk factors for stroke, and clearly overlapped each other as regards ischaemic scores and the findings in neurological examinations and CT. Thus, it is still an open question whether cortical MID and subcortical MID, including the lacunar state and Binswanger's disease, are 2 distinct entities or merely represent the expression of biological variation while having the same etiopathogenesis.
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PMID:Types of multi-infarct dementia. 363 Jun 35

Twenty-five "experts" on neurogenic motor speech disorders participated in a tutorial exercise. Each was given information on M, a patient who had communication difficulties as the result of stroke, and asked to complete a questionnaire about his problem. The information included a detailed case description, an audiotape of M's speech obtained at 4, 9, 13, and 17 days post-stroke, and test results from the Western Aphasia Battery, the Token Test, and a battery for apraxia of speech. The experts were in excellent agreement on M's primary problem, although it was called by seven different names. The experts were in poor agreement on his secondary problem(s), e.g., the presence and type of aphasia and dysarthria. The results suggest that labeling is difficult, even for "experts." Furthermore, the practicing clinician needs to be sensitive to the likelihood of more than one coexisting problem.
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PMID:The labeling problem in aphasia: an illustrative case. 370 66

A case of cardiac myxoma presenting as metastatic brain tumor are reported. The patient was a 44-year-old man. One year prior to this admission, he had suffered stroke, which was characterized by right hemiparesis and dysarthria. The computed tomographic (= CT) scan of the head at that time showed a low density on the left basal ganglia and the echocardiogram suggested a left atrial myxoma. At surgery, a polypoid myxoma attached to the atrial septum was totally removed. Right hemiparesis was improved and the patient was discharged. A few months later, the patient was evaluated for multiple cutaneous masses and diagnosed by biopsy as metastatic myxoma. The patient's condition remained unchanged until this admission. In March 1985, the patient had a tonic-clonic convulsion marching from right hand and developed right hemiplegia with drowsy. An echocardiogram failed to reveal recurrence of the cardiac myxoma. A CT scan revealed a 5-cm, relatively circumscribed, low density mass in the left fronto-parietal lobe, ring mottled enhancement after contrast administration and more enhancement in the delayed scanning of 45 min. Craniotomy showed a tender, friable tumor with a yellowish cyst fluid, but apparently not invading the brain parenchyma. After complete excision of the mass, there was rapid lessing in the hemiplegia and improvement in the level of consciousness. A contrast-enhancement CT scan performed 2 weeks after craniotomy revealed no evidence of residual tumor. Pathohistological examination showed spindle-shaped and stellate cells which formed clusters and contained large amounts of acid polysaccharides as demonstrated by the alcian blue method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cardiac myxoma metastatic to the brain]. 379 Mar 67

The authors report a case of superficial temporal to superior cerebellar artery anastomosis (STA-SCA anastomosis) for progressing rostral brain stem infarction with an excellent result. Precise operative techniques were also described. A 47-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on November 9, 1984, because of sudden onset of dysarthria and ataxic gait. CT revealed a low density area in the pons. Left vertebral angiogram showed occlusion of the left vertebral artery just distal to the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Arterial branch of the left cerebellar hemisphere were filled via the left PICA to the left SCA and anterior inferior cerebellar artery anastomosis. Right brachial angiogram showed the hypoplastic right vertebral artery which ended at the PICA. The rostral basilar artery, both posterior cerebral arteries (PCA's) and right SCA were filled through anastomosis from the right PICA. The posterior circulation was not filled by either of the carotid arteries. In spite of antiplatelet agglutination therapy, the patient had two more episodes of dysarthria, dysphagia, right hemiparesis and gait disturbance. Because of progressing stroke, STA-SCA anastomosis was carried out on the right side on February 27, 1985. During operation, the blood pressure was maintained above the level of 130 mmHg, and intravenous mannitol injection and spinal drainage were done to preserve the right temporal lobe from intracerebral hematoma and/or edema caused by retraction. Postoperatively, the patient has been free from new ischemic attack. He has only slight hemiparesis now eight months after operation. Right external carotid angiogram showed a patent STA-SCA bypass and good filling of SCA's and PCA's bilaterally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Superficial temporal to superior cerebellar artery anastomosis for rostral brain stem infarction]. 380 95

It has been recognized that small intracerebral hemorrhage not uncommonly produced lacunar syndromes. In this study, we examined cases of intracerebral hemorrhage presenting as lacunar syndromes. Of 174 cases with recent intracerebral hemorrhage, 19 presented with a lacunar syndrome: 4 presented with pure motor hemiparesis, 5, ataxic hemiparesis, 3, dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome, 7, sensorimotor stroke, and, none, pure sensory stroke. The sites of hemorrhage were capsular in 11, putamenal in 6, and pontine in 2. In these 19 patients, 17 were hypertensive, and the signs characteristic of parenchymal hemorrhage, e.g., gradual onset, headache, nausea, vomiting and stiff neck, were absent or very rare. Computed tomography revealed that one third of the patients had one or more non-symptomatic lacunae in the basal ganglia, the corona radiata or the anterior limb of the internal capsule. These observations suggests that hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage causes lacunar syndrome more often than previously considered and is apt to manifest ataxic hemiparesis and sensorimotor stroke. Computed tomography is the only way of differentiating hemorrhagic "lacunar" syndrome from lacunar infarct.
Stroke
PMID:Lacunar syndrome due to intracerebral hemorrhage. 400 60

Sixteen consecutive cases of subcortical stroke were studied prospectively and systematically. Behavioral and neurological manifestations of different sides, sites, and causes of lesion were evaluated by means of daily, standard observations during the patient's hospitalization and formal testing at monthly intervals thereafter. Language and cognitive impairments were observed following hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic strokes to both the left and right thalami and basal ganglia. The patterns were unlike those characteristic of traditional aphasia syndromes. One patient was asymptomatic; four demonstrated only dysarthria or dysarthria with abnormal affect; and 11 displayed a combination of speech, language, and cognitive deficits. Language skills recovered more rapidly and completely than did cognitive skills. Recovery was most dramatic within the first six to eight weeks after onset.
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PMID:Various consequences of subcortical stroke. Prospective study of 16 consecutive cases. 403 1

Plasmas, cerebrospinal fluid and urine were sampled from 22 patients with cerebral hemispheric infarction and analyzed for cyclic AMP. The following observations were made: (1) In mild cases with slight dysarthria and/or hemiparesis but without disturbance of consciousness (Group I), cyclic AMP in peripheral venous plasma (PVP) remained over the normal lowest level more than 10 days after the onset. Patients with apparent neurological deficits could be divided into two groups. In one group, cyclic AMP in PVP decreased to a subnormal level within about 5 days after the onset of stroke (Group II). In another group (Group III), such a decrease was not observed. Brain isotope scintigrams were revealed negative in Group I. The size of brain infarct as judged by isotope uptake was larger in Group III than in Group II, except for a few cases in which the lesion was restricted in the basal ganglionic region. (2) No clinical significance was, however, found in the time course of cyclic AMP levels in internal jugular venous or femoral arterial plasma, or in cerebrospinal fluid, or of the daily amount of cyclic AMP excretion into urine. (3) Cerebral arterio-venous difference of cyclic AMP was negative in most of the cases.
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PMID:Cyclic AMP concentrations in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine in patients with acute cerebral hemispheric infarction. 626 72

Two patients with small primary pontine hemorrhage developed a syndrome identical to ataxic hemiparesis, one of the lacunar syndromes of Fisher. The possible mechanisms of the homolateral cerebellar signs, pyramidal signs, and dysarthria are discussed. Lesions of the ipsilateral pontine nuclei may be responsible for the homolateral ataxia.
Stroke
PMID:Ataxic hemiparesis in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage. 665 62

Five additional cases of ataxic-hemiparesis are reported. In 3 cases, computed tomography showed an area of decreased attenuation in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and in 1 case, 2 areas of attenuation in the corona radiata. A review of previously reported cases suggest that brainstem ataxic-hemiparesis may be separated from supratentorial forms of ataxic-hemiparesis by the presence of nystagmus, dysarthria, cranial neuropathy, and the absence of sensory abnormality.
Stroke
PMID:Ataxic-hemiparesis, localization and clinical features. 670 44


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