Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebellar mutism and subsequent dysarthria (MSD) is a possible complication of posterior fossa surgery. It is usually seen in children after resection of a cerebellar mass lesion. Most patients become mute after a period of (near)normal postoperative speech, and are dysarthric once speech resumes. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MSD are most probably multifactorial, combining neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and psychological factors. The aim of the present article is to better define the MSD syndrome. The cerebellum is not only involved in motor control. It is also part of a distributed neural circuitry which underlies higher cognitive functions such as, for instance, those associated with the programming of kinetic parameters before motor initiation of a movement. We hypothesize that it could also be involved in the mental initiation which precedes the programming of any intentional bucco-phonatory movements to be performed in order to express oneself.
 ...
PMID:[Cerebellar mutism syndromes with subsequent dysarthria: a study of three children and a review of the literature]. 1471 22

The aim of the present study was to investigate the manifestations of mutism after surgery in children with cerebellar tumors. Speech impairment following cerebellar mutism in children was investigated based on standardized acoustic speech parameters and perceptual criteria. Mutistic and non-mutistic children after cerebellar surgery as well as orthopedic controls were tested pre-and postoperatively. Speech impairment was compared with the localization of cerebellar lesions (i. e. affected lobules and nuclei). Whereas both control groups showed no abnormalities in speech and behavior, the mutistic group could be divided into children with dysarthria in post mutistic phase and children with mainly behavioral disturbances. In the mutistic children involvement of dentate and fastigial nuclei tended to be more frequent and extended than in the nonmutistic cerebellar children. Cerebellar mutism is a complex phenomenon of at least two types. Dysarthric symptoms during resolution of mutism support the anarthria hypothesis, while mainly behavioral changes suggest an explanation independent from speech motor control.
 ...
PMID:Cerebellar mutism--report of four cases. 1531 1

A 35-year-old female ingested a lethal dose of potassium cyanide in a suicide attempt. She survived following antidote therapy and intensive care. Following artificial coma she presented with an agitative state for several days followed by akinetic mutism, buccofacial and ideomotoric aphasia. Severe rigid-akinetic syndrome, dysarthria, dysphagia and generalized dystonia developed weeks later. MRI revealed lesions in the caudate and lentiform nuclei, precentral cortex, and cerebellum. SPECT by [123-I] 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-iodophenyl)-Tropan on two occasions revealed progressive loss of dopamine transporter suggestive of nigral neuronal apoptosis. Striatal and frontal hypometabolism and hypoperfusion were found by FDG-PET and HMPAO SPECT.
 ...
PMID:Cyanide-induced akinetic rigid syndrome: clinical, MRI, FDG-PET, beta-CIT and HMPAO SPECT findings. 1573 73

We report a clinicopathological study of a patient suffering from frontotemporal dementia (FLD) with severe dysarthria and concomitant motor neuron disease (MND). The patient was a 52-year-old woman with almost simultaneous emergence of severe dysarthria and FTD. The severe dysarthria subsequently evolved into anterior opercular syndrome. Motor neuron signs then emerged, and the patient developed akinetic mutism approximately 2 years after the onset of the disease. The patient died of pneumonia after a 7-year clinical illness. Pathologically, severe and widespread degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes, including the anterior opercular area, limbic system, basal ganglia, spinal cord and cerebellum, and frequent ubiquitin- and tau-negative basophilic inclusions were observed. The pyramidal tracts and anterior horns of the cervical cord also showed marked degeneration. Cases showing basophilic inclusions reported so far have been divided into two groups: early onset FTD and MND with basophilic inclusions. Our case presented clinicopathological features of both FTD and MND, which suggests that cases showing basophilic inclusions may constitute a clinicopathological entity of FTD/MND.
 ...
PMID:An autopsy case of frontotemporal dementia with severe dysarthria and motor neuron disease showing numerous basophilic inclusions. 1708 Jul 24

Cerebellar mutism is an infrequent but important complication after posterior fossa surgery in children. Dysarthria, irritability and ataxia are among the signs and symptoms of this disorder, which are usually mild and self-limiting. However, in severe cases, there can be impairment of higher-level cognitive functions, affecting the child's future personal and social relations. This disorder has been described in many other situations and consequently pediatricians should be familiar with its symptoms, physiopathology, diagnosis, degrees of severity, treatment, and prognosis, since a multidisciplinary approach is required. We present the case of a 5-year-old boy who underwent surgery for a low-grade ependymoma in the fourth ventricle; 48 hours after surgical resection, the boy developed irritability, cranial nerve involvement and stereotyped movements in the context of active hydrocephalus. His symptoms progressively improved 6 weeks after the intervention. We review the literature on cerebellar mutism and discuss the physiopathology of this disorder, which seems to confirm that the cerebellum not only acts as a simple coordinator of motor function, but also plays an important role in higher-level cognitive functions, such as language.
 ...
PMID:[Severe cerebellar mutism after posterior fossa tumor resection]. 1726 56

Transient cerebellar mutism is a well-known clinical entity which may develop after surgery to the cerebellum. As the period of mutism is followed by motor speech deficits, the condition has also been termed the syndrome of (cerebellar) Mutism and Subsequent Dysarthria (MSD). In children, its incidence is estimated between 8% and 31%. Unfortunately, the literature provides contradictory information regarding motor speech production post-mutism. We therefore critically reviewed data on 283 childhood cases to chart the mode of recovery of motor speech production after the mute period. After applying stringent exclusion criteria, we found that 98.8% of the children displayed motor speech deficits. This percentage is much higher than commonly reported in the literature. In addition, recovery of speech appeared to be less favourable than previously ascertained. Future studies should investigate more carefully the patients' speech characteristics in order to be able to offer children an adequate and complete rehabilitation program.
 ...
PMID:Postoperative motor speech production in children with the syndrome of 'cerebellar' mutism and subsequent dysarthria: a critical review of the literature. 1732 Apr 35

It is known that rotavirus gastroenteritis can accompany some neurological manifestations, including encephalitis/encephalopathy or seizures. However, the detailed pathogenesis involved has not been fully understood. To date, acute cerebellitis associated rotavirus gastroenteritis has not been previously reported, except for one case. Herein, we describe two cases of acute encephalitis/encephalopathy and concurrent cerebellitis, associated rotavirus gastroenteritis. Following vomiting and diarrhea, case 1 experienced convulsions and consciousness disturbance and case 2, transient loss of consciousness with eye deviation. After these symptoms subsided, cerebellar signs became evident and a brain MRI showed cerebellar involvement in both cases. Both cases showed speech disturbances, such as mutism, slow speech and dysarthria. In this report, we will discuss the possible pathogenesis of rotavirus associated acute encephalitis/encephalopathy and concurrent cerebellitis.
 ...
PMID:Rotavirus associated acute encephalitis/encephalopathy and concurrent cerebellitis: report of two cases. 1753 86

Background. The purpose of this study was to characterize the speech and language disturbances seen in patients with traumatic brain injury aroused from long-term coma at the Rehabilitation Clinic of the Bydgoszcz Academy of Medicine. Material and methods. The research covered 94 patients (30 women, 64 men, average age 34.7). Speech and language disturbances were diagnosed with basic neuropsychological batteries and authorial methods, and classified as akinetic mutism, global aphasia, sensory aphasia, motor aphasia, dysarthria, or dysphonia. The patients were examined 3 times: at admission, after one month, and after two months. Results. The patients displayed various speech and language disturbances. In the first examination, 47 persons (50.0%) presented with dysarthria. Post-traumatic aphasia was seen in 28 persons (29.8%). Akinetic mutism was somewhat less common (12 persons, 12.8%) and dysphonia least common (6 persons, 6.3%). In the second examination there were numerous shifts between groups, and 15 persons no longer had any disturbances (16.0%). These trends continued in the third examination. Dysphonia was seen in 4 persons (4.3%), akinetic mutism in only 3 (3.2%). 23 persons (24.5%) did not show any speech and language disturbances. Conclusions. Patients aroused from long-term coma display various speech and language disturbances. A significant number have dysarthria and/or aphasia, somewhat fewer have akinetic mutism. Dysphonia is also seen. Mutism often resolves spontaneously, as does dysphonia, while the symptoms of aphasia and dysarthria are more persistent.
 ...
PMID:Disturbances of speech and language in patients aroused from long-term coma subsequent to traumatic brain injury. 1767 75

The posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) is a well-known clinical consequence of posterior fossa surgery that has only been reported in a limited number of cases with a nontumoral etiology. It consists of transient cerebellar mutism, behavioral abnormalities and personality changes. We describe a 12-year-old child who developed transient cerebellar mutism associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms following rupture of a vermis arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Following the stroke, the girl experienced a 24-hour symptom-free interval. After that, she became mute and her emotional state was characterized by severe anxiety, irritability and withdrawal. After 3 days, mutism resolved and dysarthria became apparent. Two weeks after stroke, the AVM was surgically removed and the postoperative course was uneventful. This case is the first reported in which the PFS occurred after focal nonsurgically induced cerebellar damage.
 ...
PMID:Posterior fossa syndrome after a vermian stroke: a new case and review of the literature. 1778 4

A classical tenet of clinical neurology proposes that cerebellar disorders may give rise to speech motor disorders (ataxic dysarthria), but spare perceptual and cognitive aspects of verbal communication. During the past two decades, however, a variety of higher-order deficits of speech production, e.g., more or less exclusive agrammatism, amnesic or transcortical motor aphasia, have been noted in patients with vascular cerebellar lesions, and transient mutism following resection of posterior fossa tumors in children may develop into similar constellations. Perfusion studies provided evidence for cerebello-cerebral diaschisis as a possible pathomechanism in these instances. Tight functional connectivity between the language-dominant frontal lobe and the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere represents a prerequisite of such long-distance effects. Recent functional imaging data point at a contribution of the right cerebellar hemisphere, concomitant with language-dominant dorsolateral and medial frontal areas, to the temporal organization of a prearticulatory verbal code ('inner speech'), in terms of the sequencing of syllable strings at a speaker's habitual speech rate. Besides motor control, this network also appears to be engaged in executive functions, e.g., subvocal rehearsal mechanisms of verbal working memory, and seems to be recruited during distinct speech perception tasks. Taken together, thus, a prearticulatory verbal code bound to reciprocal right cerebellar/left frontal interactions might represent a common platform for a variety of cerebellar engagements in cognitive functions. The distinct computational operation provided by cerebellar structures within this framework appears to be the concatenation of syllable strings into coarticulated sequences.
 ...
PMID:The contribution of the cerebellum to speech production and speech perception: clinical and functional imaging data. 1778 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>