Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome (PCD) is a rare, neurological disorder that primarily emerges before the detection of malignancy. We present a case involving a 52-year-old woman who was diagnosed and treated for primary ovarian cancer in 2005. In 2007, the patient exhibited ataxia, dysarthria and peripheral neuropathy. Following neurological assessment and immunologic testing, the diagnosis of PCD was made. The disease typically precedes the detection of malignancy by a year or more and has been documented in only a few cases following the treatment for ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Ovarian cancer and late onset paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. 1898 68

A 76-year-old female was referred because of violaceous dermatitis on sun-exposed skin. She had associated muscle weakness, dysphagia, dysarthria and reported an unintended weight loss. The clinical presentation gave a suspicion of dermatomyositis, and diagnostic procedures revealed a small-cell lung cancer. She was treated with prednisolone, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite intended curative treatment, she died of the cancer six months later. This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough examination for an underlying cancer, in patients diagnosed with dermatomyositis.
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PMID:[Dermatomyositis as a marker of lung cancer]. 1941 32

A 61-year-old man was admitted to our department with radicular back-pain and progressive gait-difficulties. On examination he had flaccid paraparesis and bladder-retention. He subsequently developed palsy of n. oculomotorius, dysarthria, right-sided Bells palsy and weakness of his right arm over a 4-week period. He became disoriented and died without a diagnosis. MRI of the brain and columna were negative. Extensive search for malignancies yielded negative results. Cytology specimens were inconclusive and repeated liquor-examinations showed very low glucose levels, mild pleocytosis, elevated protein. Autopsy revealed a small adenocarcinoma of the lung and meningeal carcinomatosis originating from the adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[A 61-year-old man with sciatica]. 1944 55

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a rare neurological disorder that frequently precedes the detection of malignancy. Here, we report the case of a 60 year-old woman with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who developed a subacute cerebellar syndrome associated with the presence of anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, after achieving complete remission of the primary tumor and the involved cervical lymph nodes by chemoradiation. The patient's symptoms on presentation were dizziness and gait unsteadiness. On examination she showed dysarthria, nystagmus and limb and gait ataxia. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome was made on the basis of the clinical findings and immunological testing that revealed the presence of anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. This syndrome, which is very rare in association with head and neck cancer, commonly precedes the detection of malignancy by a year or more and has been documented in only a few cases after completion of anticancer treatment.
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PMID:Anti-CV2 associated cerebellar degeneration after complete response to chemoradiation of head and neck carcinoma. 1979 70

A rare case of simultaneous occurrence of three entirely distinct intracranial tumors is described. A 55-year-old male with no evidence of phacomatoses or history of radiation therapy presented with complaints of increased drowsiness, headaches, and dysarthria. Investigations revealed an olfactory groove meningioma, a glioblastoma multiforme in the left medial temporal lobe, and a diffuse glioma in the brain stem. Occurrence of multiple varieties of tumors at the same time is extremely rare. Theories that explain their occurrences including the role of common carcinogens, autocrine growth factors, and tumor suppressor genes are discussed.
J Cancer Res Ther
PMID:Three distinct co-existent primary brain tumors in a patient. 2016 Mar 65

A 55-year-old man presented with acute onset dysarthria caused by left hypoglossal palsy. He had neither surgery nor injury prior to the onset of his symptoms. We detected no abnormalities with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) except for a slight gadolinium enhancement of the left hypoglossal nerve. Three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state MRI (CISS MRI) showed curling and thickening of the left hypoglossal nerve and fluid accumulation in the hypoglossal nerve canal. A systemic survey found no malignancies. After 8 months, sustained left hypoglossal palsy and no change in the MRI led to the diagnosis of idiopathic hypoglossal nerve laceration with evulsion. In such patients, the cause of the defect is not always apparent and 3-dimensional CISS MRI may resolve this issue.
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PMID:Idiopathic hypoglossal nerve laceration detected by high-resolution three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state magnetic resonance imaging. 2057 10

A 59-year-old man treated with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for advanced oesophageal cancer presented abnormal behaviour and subsequently developed impairment of cognitive function, dysphagia and dysarthria on the fifth day of the treatment. Although brain computed tomography revealed no abnormal findings, brain magnetic resonance imaging using diffusion-weighted imaging clearly revealed the presence of a high signal intensity in the deep white matter of the bilateral cerebral hemispheres, including the corpus callosum symmetrically. A diagnosis of acute leukoencephalopathy was reached based on these findings. His clinical symptoms normalized four days after the discontinuation of the chemotherapy. Improvement in magnetic resonance imaging findings was delayed compared with that of clinical symptoms; however, the high signal intensity detected in the deep white matter had disappeared completely five months after the onset of symptoms. Early detection of drug-induced leukoencephalopathy is important as the clinical symptoms can be reversed by early discontinuation of the causative drug. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a useful modality for the early detection and definitive diagnosis of this characteristic encephalopathy.
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PMID:Early detection of 5-FU-induced acute leukoencephalopathy on diffusion-weighted MRI. 2092 9

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare non-metastatic complication of cancer mediated by T lymphocytes and auto-antibodies directed against Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. We report a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who developed a progressive cerebellar syndrome with dysarthria, ataxic gait and vertigo mimicking development of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis but caused by anti-Yo antibody positive PCD associated with ovarian cancer, presenting an unusual diagnostic challenge.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration mimicking development of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. 2114 18

Gliomas are rare entities in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) in adults. The authors present clinical, neuroradiological, serological, and neuropathological findings in a 60-year-old man with an extraaxial CPA glioblastoma arising from the proximal portion of cranial nerve VIII. The patient presented with progressive left-sided deafness and left-sided facial palsy lasting less than 2 months and progressive dysarthria and dysphagia lasting 2 weeks. Preoperative neuroimaging suggested the diagnosis of CPA meningioma with "dural-tail" sign and involvement of the internal auditory canal. Serological examination showed an increase in the malignant markers of ferritin and neuron-specific enolase, which suggested underlying malignancy. The tumor was subtotally removed, and it was confirmed to be completely separated from the brainstem and cerebellum. Cranial nerves VII and VIII were destroyed and sacrificed. Transient severe bradycardia occurred during surgery due to entrapment of the caudal cranial nerve complex by the tumor in such an infiltrative way. The neuropathological examination revealed a glioblastoma. The patient underwent no further treatment and died of cachexia 2 months postoperatively. To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first case of a primary glioblastoma in the CPA in an adult. A high index of suspicion along with reliance on clinical assessment, radiological findings, and serum detection of specific malignant markers is essential to diagnose such uncommon CPA lesions.
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PMID:Primary glioblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle in adults. 2178 Aug 57

Chronic penile lymphedema arises from the abnormal retention of lymphatic fluid in the subcutaneous tissues and may be secondary to local and systemic medical conditions such as sexually transmitted diseases, filariasis, malignancy, local radiotherapy, and surgery. This case report aims to consider compulsive masturbation as a possible cause of chronic penile edema. A 40-year-old man was referred to our institute for behavioral disturbance, including compulsive masturbation. Neuropsychiatric evaluation showed moderate mental retardation, mild dysarthria and limb incoordination, anxiety, depressed mood, and impulse dyscontrol. Brain MRI pointed out diffuse white matter lesions. Urogenital examination revealed an uncircumcised penis with non-tender edema of the shaft and prepuce with areas of lichenification. Since the most common local and systemic causes of edema were excluded, chronic penile edema due to compulsive masturbation was diagnosed and the compulsive behavior treated with an antidepressant and low-dose neuroleptics. Compulsive masturbation should be taken into account when counselling patients with penile edema.
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PMID:Compulsive masturbation and chronic penile lymphedema. 2179 89


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