Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013362 (dysarthria)
 3,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied three right-handed patients with small, lacunar infarcts localized by CT to the posterior and lateral putamen and the posterior limb of the internal capsule. All had moderate or severe right hemiparesis and mild aphasia that was not characteristic of any traditional aphasia syndrome. Two had mild dysarthria. Aphasic abnormalities included mild, nonfluent, telegraphic speech and mild, fluent aphasia with impaired repetition, naming, and comprehension. All three had severely impaired writing. Unlike previously reported patients with subcortical infarcts, these cases indicate that small lesions limited to the posterior capsuloputaminal area can cause aphasia and agraphia as well as dysarthria.
 ...
PMID:Aphasia and agraphia in lesions of the posterior internal capsule and putamen. 406 77

The aim of this study is to determine to what extent a phonologically contrastive function of the prosodic feature of length is resistant to impairment in aphasia. The language chosen for investigation is Thai, a language which contrasts short and long vowels. Subjects included two Broca aphasics, one transcortical motor aphasic, one Wernicke aphasic, one conduction aphasic, one nonaphasic right-brain-damaged patient, one nonaphasic cerebellar dysarthric patient, and five normal controls. The subjects read a list of words containing short and long vowels. Vowel durations were measured from spectrograms. The results showed that the timing of vowel duration for signaling the contrast between short and long vowels remains relatively intact in nonfluent as well as fluent aphasic patients. These data are brought to bear on issues concerning the specialization of the left hemisphere for temporal processing, the contribution of the right hemisphere to the processing of nonaffective components of prosody, the nature of prosodic disturbance in Broca's aphasia and cerebellar dysarthria, and the separate disruption of prosodic features.
 ...
PMID:Prosodic disturbance in aphasia: vowel length in Thai. 608 17

Twenty five cases of subcortical aphasia of vascular origin (15 haemorrhagic, 10 ischaemic), have been studied in detail by means of neurolinguistic and brain-scanning approaches. The neurolinguistic investigation allowed three groups to be distinguished. Group 1 comprised 4 cases of dysarthria. Group 2 was made up of 9 classical syndromes of aphasia: 2 global aphasias, 3 Broca's aphasias, 3 cases of Wernicke's aphasia and 1 case of conduction aphasia. Group 3 consisted in 12 unusual aphasic syndromes, i.e. 2 mixed aphasias and 10 cases which did not correspond with any traditional semiological description and are spoken of as "dissident" (or anomalous) cases. The CT scan results revealed a wide range of focal lesions for the same clinical syndrome; the 10 "dissident" cases were, in particular, associated with a large variety of lesions. After a discussion of the anatomical limits of the subcortical lesions, 2 points emerge: 1) in the current state of technological experience no anatomo-clinical correlation can be drawn as regards language-deficiencies of subcortical origin. 2) in almost half the cases a "unique" syndrome of aphasia has been observed and described, which at first might suggest the diagnosis of a subcortical lesion.
 ...
PMID:[Subcortical aphasia. Neruolinguistic and x-ray computed tomography studies of 25 cases]. 608 81

We studied a case of language loss caused by an acquired vascular lesion in the putamen, anterior limb of the internal capsule, and lateral aspect of the head of the caudate nucleus in a 7-year-old right-handed girl. Acute right-sided hemiplegia, mutism, oral apraxia, and disturbance in language comprehension but no dysarthria were present. During recovery, a nonfluent aphasia with anomia was evident. After six months, only mild hemiparesis and minor spelling difficulties persisted. We compared this patient with an 11-year-old right-handed girl with right-sided hemiparesis and dysarthria but no language loss following a lesion in the globus pallidus, a portion of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the body of the caudate. The presence of a language disturbance in the first but not the second patient was attributed to the difference in lesion location. The symptoms and lesions were similar to those in recent reports of adult patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these findings in a child with a left-hemisphere lesion.
 ...
PMID:Acquired capsular/striatal aphasia in childhood. 619 70

A syndrome of dysarthria following the appearance of small left frontal-lobe lesions has been recognized for many years but identified by numerous labels. Varied terminology has led to confusion in the literature and inadequate recognition of this syndrome as a distinctive clinical entity. We gathered clinical and anatomic (computed tomographic) data on four patients with this dysarthric syndrome and reviewed cases from the literature that contained sufficient clinical and anatomic data for comparison. These patients had a distinctive syndrome of dysarthria without aphasia, caused by small lesions of the motor system for articulation: pars opercularis, inferior prerolandic gyrus, or white matter deep to those regions. This syndrome should be distinguished from Broca's aphasia, Broca's area aphasia, transcortical aphasia, and subcortical aphasia. Aphemia is not mild Broca's aphasia; it is severe dysarthria, at times in the setting of transient Broca's aphasia.
 ...
PMID:Aphemia. Clinical-anatomic correlations. 662 83

Clinical and angiographic findings in 30 patients who had suffered from a dysphasic disorder in the course of transient cerebral ischaemia were reviewed and compared with the findings in patients with permanent aphasia or dysarthria. The results of angiography differed significantly from those of the aphasic patients and were similar to those of the patients with dysarthria: in nearly 60% of the patients with transient dysphasia angiography showed no abnormality, whilst only 23% of the patients had lesions in the left carotid or middle cerebral artery. In the cases where the other neurological findings made it possible to localize the site of the lesion, ischaemia of the dominant hemisphere prevailed, but this correlation was far from being an absolute one. The patient's description of his own dysphasic disorder is not sufficient to decide whether the dysphasia is due to aphasic syndrome of middle cerebral artery origin, to anomia or to dysarthria. Thus, transient dysphasia appears to be a symptom of little localizing value.
 ...
PMID:[The localizing value of speech disorders in transitory cerebral ischemia]. 666 53

This study is a replication of an earlier study published in this journal (Sarno, M. T. The nature of verbal impairment after closed head injury. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1968: 685-692, 1980). Consecutive admissions of 69 closed head injured (CHI) postcoma patients at an average of 1 year post-trauma in a rehabilitation medicine center were examined with standardized aphasia tests. As in the first study, all patients evidenced linguistic impairment which was not necessarily manifest clinically but was apparent on testing. Again the population divided itself into three relatively equally sized groups: those with classical aphasia, those with dysarthria accompanied by linguistic deficits, and those with "subclinical" aphasic deficits. As in the first study, consistency of performance was noted for all groups. For example, dysarthric patients consistently evidenced severe language impairment on at least three out of four linguistic tasks taken from an aphasia test. Also, the major types of aphasia were represented in the aphasia group. This study confirms the observation that all CHI postcoma patients suffer important, disabling verbal changes, however mild or apparent, which persist up to 1 year post-trauma. The findings are considered important for patient management, particularly with respect to social, vocational, and psychological aspects in the chronic stage of recovery.
 ...
PMID:Verbal impairment after closed head injury. Report of a replication study. 674 18

We presented a rare care who had right frontal lobe infarction, with left side pseudoataxia, and the mechanism, causing pseudoataxia, was considered. The patient, a 51 year-old, righ-handed male, was admitted on August 9, 1980, complaining of left-side pseudoataxia. About p.m. 7:00, July 29, 1980, he suddenly noticed numbness of the left foot, and he found himself difficulty in standing in the next morning. He had a mild paresis and tactile-tactile of the left side including the face, which was rapidly improved. However, there was pseudoataxia of the left extremities, which had not been improved. On physical examination, dysarthria, aphasia, finger agnosia, difficulty in right left orientation or muscle weakness was not recognized, and there was no sensory disturbance except for slight impairment of stereognosis, two point discrimination and vibratory sense. Demonstrable impairment of tactiletactile from was observed in the left hand. Notable dysmetria, terminal tremor and dysdiadochokinesia were seen in the left limbs, which were remarkably worsened with eyes closed. However, tapping and line-drawing tests were normal. Babinski-Weil's test disclosed typical compass gait. There was marked swaying in Romberg position. Tandem gait was impossible with a tendency to decline the left. Deep reflexies were normal except for mildly hyperactive radial reflex in the left. Carotid and vertebral angiographies revealed neither evidence of vascular occlusion nor displacement of vessels CT scan demonstrated a low density area, which included the right inferior and middle frontal gyri, the head of the right caudate nucleus and a part of anterior crus of right internal capsule. There was enlargement of anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. Caloric test, electronystagmography, eye tracking test or optokinetic nystagmus test disclosed no abnormalities. Vibration induced falling, which is the postural reaction to muscle vibration during standing (Ekuland, G., 1972), was not recognized when the left Achiles' tendon was stimulated. Pseudoataxia of this patient differed from the typical cerebellar or vestibular ataxia. From a review of the literatures concerning frontal pseudoataxia, almost all cases had no distinct cerebellar signs, and showed positive Romberg's sign. The impairment of tactile-tactile form and postural reaction to vibratory stimulation to the left leg, appeared in this case, could be hardly explained by the lesion of parietal lobe or deconnection syndrome. Sensory perception of parietal lobe and pyramidal motor system were thought to be almost normal in this case. Therefore, these findings should be due to impairment of integration center between sensory and motor systems. The pseudoataxia in frontal lesion seems to occur as the results of involvement of this center, in which caudate nucleus maybe has important role, but not as the results of disturbances in the front-ponto-cerebellar or front vestibular pathway.
 ...
PMID:[Frontal pseudoataxia, discussion on its mechanism (author's transl)]. 732 87

Report on long-term follow-up studies in 23 children and 2 adolescents who survived severe brain injury and a resulting apallic syndrome. Neurological examinations and psychiatric observations were performed in all patients, and psychological tests were administered whenever possible. EEGs were recorded in all cases, and 11 patients had CT scans. 6 patients died after surviving the acute phase. 2 survived in state of stabilized unconsiousness. Recovery from the apallic syndrome was observed in 17 patients, but complete recovery did not occur in a single case. 7 patients (group A) retained severe handicaps, and the other 10 (group B) demonstrated les serious residual deficits. With a few exceptions, neurological deficit correlated with permanent psychological damage. The patients of group A presented a fairly uniform set of neurological deficits characterized by severe quadiparesis, dysarthria and other signs of permanent cerebellar dysfunction. psychological disorders included permanent aphasia (3 patients) and a major reduction on intelligence (4 patients). These patients retained a capacity for emotional response but were never able to attend school, and they remained dependent on their families or on institutions. The patients in group B demonstrated less severe permanent neurological deficits but a similar pattern of central paralysis combined with cerebellar dysfunction. These patients were able to finish their scholastic education in either a normal or special school and to work in a sheltered workshop in most cases. Only 3 patients were able to hold a job performing rather simple tasks. Duration of the initial syndrome - coma and fully developed apallic syndrome - proved to be the most significant single criterion for estimating prognosis. Rate of recovery also provided some indication of prognosis. The CT scan has proved its value in documenting localized and diffuse brain damage in later stages. We believe that CT will play an increasingly important role in establishing diagnosis as well as prognosis in the early phase.
 ...
PMID:Possibilities and limitations of rehabilitation after traumatic apallic syndrome in children and adolescents. 733 58

We present a rare case of thalamic germinoma with crossed aphasia in a dextral. A patient, 17-year-old righat-handed male, was admitted to Nippon Medical School Hospital with chief complaints of headache, abnormality of visual field and speech disturbance. There were pigmentations on the back of hand, foot and the perineum. Neurological examination revealed left homonymous hemianopsia, right slight degree of ptosis, left facial palsy, a mild paresis of the left upper extremity and motor aphasia. Right carotid angiography showed marked unrolling and midline shift of right anterior cerebral artery. CT scan revealed ring-like high density area in the right thalamic region, which was enhanced after constant infusion. Brain scintigraphy also showed an abnormal accumulation at the same site. The hen-egg sized tumor of 40 g. weight was almost totally removed by the right fronto-parietal craniotomy. The tumor was characterized histologically by the so-called two cell pattern with teratomatous components. As postoperative treatment local injection of adriamycine, irradiation and immunotherapy with picibanil were performed, and then left hemiparesis was markedly improved without sign of recurrence. Language evaluation was performed after operation. There were dysarthria, remarkable word amnesia, paraphasia and perseveration. Repetition was also impaired. His speech function was concluded to be a mixed type aphasia mainly composed of Broca's aphasia. The speech function of thalamus and crossed aphasia with dextrales were discussed.
 ...
PMID:[A case of thalamic germinoma with crossed aphasia in a dextral (author's transl)]. 743 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>