Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012872 (DNA marker)
 929 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Upon superinfection of immune (lysogenic) cells with bacteriophage Mu, a form of Mu DNA accumulates that sediments about twice as fast as the linear phage DNA marker in neutral sucrose gradients. This form is also detected upon infection of sensitive cells with Mu. We have purified it and examined its physical nature. Under the electron microscope it appears circular and supertwisted. Upon treatment with Pronase, phenol or sodium dodecyl sulfate, however, it is converted to a linear Mu-length form, indicating that the circle is not covalently closed. The linear DNA still has heterogeneous host sequences at its termini. The circular DNA is resistant to the action of Escherichia coli exonuclease III and T7 exonuclease, but becomes sensitive to these nucleases after treatment with Pronase showing the presence of a protein that binds non-covalently to the ends of the DNA to circularize it as well as protect it from digestion with exonucleases. The complex is resistant to high salt (up to 6 M-NaCl) but can undergo transitions between forms that are partially open, open circular, linear and circular dimers and trimers. Examination of DNA from mature phage particles reveals that a circular DNA species is present in at least 0.1 to 1% of the population. The purified complex is extremely efficient in transfection of E. coli spheroplasts. We estimate the molecular weight of the protein in this DNA-protein complex to be approximately 64,000, and suggest that this complex might represent the integrative precursor of infecting Mu DNA.
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PMID:Infecting bacteriophage mu DNA forms a circular DNA-protein complex. 630 60

Adducin is a heterodymeric cytoskeleton protein, the 3 subunits of which are encoded by genes (ADD1, ADD2, ADD3) mapping to 3 different chromosomes. A long series of parallel studies in the Milan hypertensive rat strain model of hypertension and humans indicated that an altered adducin function may cause hypertension through an enhanced constitutive tubular sodium reabsorption. Six human linkage studies showed positive results when a DNA marker mapping to 30 kb from the ADD1 locus or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 1 of the 3 adducin genes were considered either alone or in combination with each other or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) D allele or salt intake. When DNA markers mapping at much larger distance from the ADD1 locus were used, negative results were found by 4 studies. Positive results were also obtained in 18 of 20 association studies that, in addition to blood pressure, investigated variables reflecting body sodium or the renin-angiotensin system. Mixed results regarded case-control studies or studies in predominantly normotensive populations that did not consider the above-mentioned variables. Four of 5 studies showed a selective beneficial effect of diuretics in carriers of the mutated ADD1. Twelve of 16 studies found that ADD1 polymorphism alone or in combination with that of ACE positively associates with stroke or coronary heart disease or renal or vascular dysfunctions. In conclusion, when context is taken into account, the impact of adducin in hypertension and its related disorders is clear.
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PMID:Adducin polymorphism: detection and impact on hypertension and related disorders. 1569 49

Salt stress inhibits soybean growth and reduces gain yield. Genetic improvement of salt tolerance is essential for sustainable soybean production in saline areas. In this study, we isolated a gene (Ncl) that could synchronously regulate the transport and accumulation of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) from a Brazilian soybean cultivar FT-Abyara using map-based cloning strategy. Higher expression of the salt tolerance gene Ncl in the root resulted in lower accumulations of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) in the shoot under salt stress. Transfer of Ncl with the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method into a soybean cultivar Kariyutaka significantly enhanced its salt tolerance. Introgression of the tolerance allele into soybean cultivar Jackson, using DNA marker-assisted selection (MAS), produced an improved salt tolerance line. Ncl could increase soybean grain yield by 3.6-5.5 times in saline field conditions. Using Ncl in soybean breeding through gene transfer or MAS would contribute to sustainable soybean production in saline-prone areas.
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PMID:Ncl Synchronously Regulates Na+, K+, and Cl- in Soybean and Greatly Increases the Grain Yield in Saline Field Conditions. 2674 76