Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012872 (DNA marker)
 929 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Progeny (n = 70) from unrelated, DNA tested, Rendement Napole carrier (RN-/rn+) Hampshire sires, and DNA tested, Rendement Napole normal (rn+/rn+) Yorkshire dams were genotyped for the segregating RN- allele via DNA marker-assisted methodology. Six slaughter groups ensued, with littermates all being represented within the same slaughter group. Boneless pork loins were removed from right carcass sides after a 48-h chill at 2 degrees C. The anterior portions of the loins were not enhanced, whereas the posterior sections were enhanced with a solution containing 0.5% sodium chloride and 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate to 110% of their initial weight. Carcasses of carrier pigs had less (P < 0.05) 10th rib fat depth and a greater (P < 0.01) percentage carcass lean than carcasses of normal pigs. Postmortem LM pH of carrier pigs was lower (P < 0.002) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and tended to be lower (P = 0.062) at 48 h compared with that of normal animals. Samples of LM from carrier pigs had greater (P < 0.01) glycolytic potential values, drip loss percentages, and a* values, and lower pH values at fabrication than LM from normal pigs. No genotype differences (P > 0.05) were found for LM lactate, L*, or b* values. Nonenhanced semimembranosus samples from carrier pigs exhibited greater (P < 0.05) purge loss percentages and L* values, and lower (P < 0.01) pH values than samples from normal pigs. Enhanced LM samples exhibited greater (P < 0.05) drip and purge loss percentages, greater pH, and lower L* values at fabrication, regardless of Napole status. These findings suggest that the Napole gene has a positive influence on carcass leanness but detrimental effects for lean quality, which were often further compounded when meat was subjected to enhancement treatment.
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PMID:Growth performance, carcass composition, quality, and enhancement treatment of fresh pork identified through deoxyribonucleic acid marker-assisted selection for the Rendement Napole gene. 1654 69

In order to minimise the number of positive in vitro cytogenetic results which are not confirmed in rodent carcinogenicity tests, biological systems that are p53 and DNA repair proficient should be recommended. Moreover, an appropriate cytotoxicity parameter for top dose selection should be considered. Recent International Conference on Harmonisation draft S2 and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 487 guideline accepted the in vitro micronucleus test (MNT) as a valid alternative method for in vitro chromosome aberration test within the in vitro cytogenetic test battery. Since mitosis is a prerequisite for expression of the micronuclei, it is compulsory to demonstrate that cell division occurred, and if possible, to identify the cells that completed mitosis. The OECD guideline recommends the use of a cytokinesis block for the assessment of proliferation in primary T-lymphocytes. The work presented in this manuscript was initiated to develop a novel flow cytometry-based primary human lymphocyte MNT method. This new assay is based on a three-step staining procedure: carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester as a proliferation marker, ethidium monoazide for chromatin of necrotic and late apoptotic cells discrimination and 4,6-diaminodino-2-phenylindole as a DNA marker. The proof of principle of the method was performed using genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds: methyl methanesulfonate, mitomycin C, vinblastine sulphate, cyclophosphamide, sodium chloride and dexamethasone. It has been shown that the new flow cytometry-based primary human lymphocyte MNT method is at least equally reliable method as the standard Cytochalasin B MNT. However, further validation of the assay using a wide selection of compounds with a variety of mechanisms of action is required, before it can be used for regulatory purposes. Moreover, a miniaturisation of the technology may provide an additional advantage for early drug development.
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PMID:In vitro primary human lymphocyte flow cytometry based micronucleus assay: simultaneous assessment of cell proliferation, apoptosis and MN frequency. 2179 9