Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012872 (DNA marker)
 929 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The discovery of a DNA marker linked to the HD gene has provided new avenues into the investigation of this devastating disorder. Genetic investigations have determined that in most and possibly all HD families, the disease is caused by a defect that maps near the telomere on the short arm of chromosome 4. DNA markers will soon provide presymptomatic diagnosis for this disorder, but this increased capability may be a mixed blessing in the absence of effective treatment. The most hopeful route to developing such treatment lies in cloning and characterization of the primary defect. Precise genetic and physical mapping using DNA markers and improvements in techniques for analyzing large segments of DNA have set the stage for cloning of the disease gene in the near future. It will undoubtedly reveal an interesting mechanism for complete phenotypic dominance in man for comparison with completely dominant mutations in other species, particularly Drosophila. The nature of the defect may provide new insights into the functional organization of the central nervous system. For the sake of the many individuals who are afflicted by HD or who are asymptomatic gene carriers, it is to be hoped that cloning and characterizing the disease gene will also yield the necessary information to develop an effective therapy.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1986
PMID:Molecular genetics of Huntington's disease. 288 64

OPT8(511) was confirmed to be strongly associated with cold sensitivity of rice by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the cold tolerance with 94 F2 population crossed with 'Dular' (cold sensitive cultivar) and 'Toyohatamochi' (cold resistant cultivar). A DNA marker from the RAPD fragment, OPT8(511), has been cloned with genomic DNA from rice cultivar ('Dular') and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. The nucleotide sequence revealed that the putative open reading frame was 511 base pairs and contained 169 amino acid residues. It is 79% and 57% identical to the rice cDNA (C26347) in DataBank at the nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels, respectively. The clone OPT8(511) specifically amplified a 511 bp band from the DNA of cold sensitive cultivars. Use of this marker could facilitate early selection of character associated with cold tolerance in rice.
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PMID:Analysis of OPT8511 RAPD fragments closely linked with cold sensitivity at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.). 1098 33

Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important cultured marine fish as well as a promising model fish for the study of sex determination mechanisms. In the present study, a protocol for artificial gynogenesis of half-smooth tongue sole was developed in order to identify the sex determination mechanism and to generate all-female stock. The optimal UV-irradiation dose for genetically inactivating sea perch spermatozoa was determined to be > or =30 mJ/cm(2). The optimal initiation time for cold shock of gynogenetic embryos was determined to be 5 min after fertilization, while the optimal temperature and treatment duration were determined to be 20-25 min at 5 degrees C. Chromosomes from common diploids, gynogenetic haploids, and diploids were analyzed. WW chromosomes were discovered in some of the gynogenetic diploids. The microsatellite marker was applied to analyze gynogenetic diploid fry. Among the 30 gynogenetic diploid fry, 11 fry contained only one allele, while 19 contained two alleles, which had the same genotype as their mother. The female-specific DNA marker was observed in four individuals out of ten gynogenetic diploid fry. Ploidy analysis of 20 putative gynogenetic fry showed them all to be diploid. Thus, a protocol for the induction of artificial gynogenesis has been developed for the first time in half smooth tongue sole, and the sex determination mechanism in the tongue sole was determined to be female heterogametic with the ZW chromosome.
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PMID:Artificial gynogenesis and sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). 1877 97

In yellow soybean, seed coat pigmentation is inhibited by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. A CHS cluster named GmIRCHS (Glycine max inverted-repeat CHS pseudogene) is suggested to cause PTGS in yellow-hilum cultivars. Cold-induced seed coat discoloration (CD), a commercially serious deterioration of seed appearance, is caused by an inhibition of this PTGS upon exposure to low temperatures. In the highly CD-tolerant cultivar Toyoharuka, the GmIRCHS structure differs from that of other cultivars. The aim of this study was to determine whether the variation of GmIRCHS structure among cultivars is related to variations in CD tolerance. Using two sets of recombinant inbred lines between Toyoharuka and CD-susceptible cultivars, we compared the GmIRCHS genotype and CD tolerance phenotype during low temperature treatment. The GmIRCHS genotype was related to the phenotype of CD tolerance. A QTL analysis around GmIRCHS showed that GmIRCHS itself or a region located very close to it was responsible for CD tolerance. The variation in GmIRCHS can serve as a useful DNA marker for marker-assisted selection for breeding CD tolerance. In addition, QTL analysis of the whole genome revealed a minor QTL that also affected CD tolerance.
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PMID:Variation of GmIRCHS (Glycine max inverted-repeat CHS pseudogene) is related to tolerance of low temperature-induced seed coat discoloration in yellow soybean. 2098 1

A putative new limpet species (Patellogastropoda) from the Sea of Japan is revealed by molecular genetic analyses using the mitochondrial markers 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1), as well as the DNA marker 18S rRNA. Our data indicate that the limpet, collected in the Peter the Great Bay (Russian Federation), is not, as its morphology suggests, the Japanese species Lottia kogamogai Sasaki and Okutani, 1994, and might also hint towards another putative species complex in the Sea of Japan. The different currents between the Far East Asian mainland (cold, subpolar jet running southwards) and the Japanese archipelago (warm, subtropical jet running northwards) are likely to act as a barrier that has a substantial influence on species distribution in these waters. Accordingly, our results indicate that it is about time for a revision of patellogastropod species with a reported distribution in Japanese and Far Eastern Russian waters by an integrative approach using molecular genetic and morphological characters. The species investigated herein is referred to as Lottia cf. kogamogai until it is morphologically re-examined and compared with primary type specimens of known species.
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PMID:A putative species complex in the Sea of Japan revealed by DNA sequence data: a study on Lottia cf. kogamogai (Gastropoda: Patellogastropoda). 2739 71

In Hokkaido, the northernmost region of Japan, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crops are damaged by cold weather. Chilling temperatures negatively affect seed appearance by causing seed coat discoloration around the hilum region, which is called cold-induced discoloration (CD). An assay for CD tolerance using a phytotron was developed, and two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CD tolerance were identified. The major QTL was located in the proximal region of the I locus, and structural variation of this locus can serve as a useful DNA marker, called the Ic marker. To use this marker in breeding programs, the effects need to be assessed under field conditions because the Ic marker has been developed solely under phytotron conditions. The aim of this study was thus to assess the effect of the Ic marker under a cool field environment. We confirmed that the Ic allele was highly effective using 27 cultivars and breeding lines including a near-isogenic line grown in the field where severe cold-weather damage occurred. This allele had no negative influence on the agronomic traits in the near-isogenic line. Our results suggest that marker-assisted selection for the Ic allele is effective for improving CD tolerance in breeding programs.
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PMID:Field assessment of a major QTL associated with tolerance to cold-induced seed coat discoloration in soybean. 3159 87