Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012872 (DNA marker)
 929 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this review was to highlight the extent to which the genetic technologies are implemented by the aquaculture industry. The review shows that some of the modern genetic technologies are already extensively applied by the diverse aquaculture industries, though not to the same extent for all important aquacultured species (according to FAO 1998 figures). Some species (common carp, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, channel catfish, Nile tilapia, and the Pacific oyster) received concentrated breeding efforts, while other major cultured species (Chinese and Indian carps and the giant tiger shrimp) received, so far, relatively limited attention, and a few species (Yesso scallop, blue mussel, white Amur bream, and milkfish) have, apparently, not been genetically improved at all. Most of the genetically improved strains reaching the aquaculture industry were developed through traditional selective breeding (selection, crossbreeding, and hybridization). Emerging, more modern technologies for genetic manipulation seem to take 10-20 years from being established experimentally until applications affect the industry. Thus, chromosome-set and sex manipulations started to affect the industry during the 1980's and 1990's. DNA marker technology and gene manipulations have yet hardly affected the industry. The former have not matured yet, but hold much promise. The latter could have affected the industry already had it not been restricted by public concern.
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PMID:Genetic manipulations in aquaculture: a review of stock improvement by classical and modern technologies. 1184 Nov 64

In this study, we identified a sex-specific DNA marker using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting in Yellow River carps (Cyprinus carpio from the Yellow River). Two hundred and twenty random primers were used in pooled DNA samples and individual DNA samples from male and female fish for RAPD fingerprinting. When using the primer S2107, a novel sex-specific PCR product was identified in all male individuals. DNA sequencing revealed that this 909 bp long DNA fragment has a low similarity to a repetitive sequence in zebrafish Danio rerio. In order to confirm the amplification results, two primers were designed within the male-specific sequence in order to amplify the sex-specific fragment from genomic DNA of male and female carps for sexing by PCR. The results indicated bands specific for males but not females. Respective results were obtained in dot blot and Southern blot hybridization experiments when using this sex-specific fragment as the probe. The sex-specific pattern was observed in 30 individuals from three separate common carp stocks, suggesting that the sequence is conserved in common carp species. However, no hybridization signals were found in grass carps Ctenopharyngodon idella, which are related to common carps. We submit to use this sex-specific fragment as a marker to rapidly and accurately identify the gender of Yellow River C. carpio. Furthermore, the sex-specific chromosome region may be characterized and used to study mechanisms of chromosome evolution in this fish species.
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PMID:A novel male-specific DNA sequence in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. 1940 Dec 31