Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In July 1979, 1,900 gallons of trichloroethylene (TCE) were released into ground and surface water from a pipe manufacturing plant in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. To evaluate community and occupational exposure to TCE, we conducted environmental and medical surveys. In well water samples obtained in August 1979 within 1 km of the factory, TCE concentrations ranged to 183,000 parts per billion (ppb); EPA's proposed guideline for TCE in drinking water is 5 ppb. Levels of TCE declined with distance from the plant and decreased in the months following the spill. However, lower level TCE contamination was widespread and persistent, suggesting multiple releases. Within the plant, mean time-weighted occupational exposure to TCE of degreaser operators was 205 mg/m3; the recommended time-weighted exposure limit is 135 mg/m3. Mean short-term exposure was 1,084 mg/m3; the recommended short-term limit is 535 mg/m3. Seven of 9 exposed workers reported drowsiness, dizziness, or mental confusion. In exposed workers, mean urinary excretion of TCE metabolites rose from 298 micrograms/L pre-shift to 480 micrograms/L post-shift. On re-evaluation of the factory following improvements in ventilation and work practices, mean time-weighted occupational exposure to TCE had decreased to 84 mg/m3 and short-term exposure to 400 mg/m3; symptom frequency and concentrations of urinary TCE metabolites also were reduced. This episode demonstrates that community and occupational exposure to chemical toxins may share a common origin.
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PMID:Common-source community and industrial exposure to trichloroethylene. 343 9

The tolerability and safety of donepezil HCI in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) were examined in an integrated analysis of phase II/III placebo-controlled trials. Patients with mild to moderately severe AD (n=1,920) were randomised to receive donepezil (n=1,291) or placebo (n=629). Adverse events, physical examinations and clinical laboratory tests were assessed. A high completion rate (79%) was achieved in these trials. Of the 1,291 patients receiving donepezil only, 142 (11%) withdrew because of an adverse event compared with 43 of the 629 (7%) placebo patients. The most common adverse events included nausea, diarrhoea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, rhinitis, vomiting, asthenia/fatigue and anorexia. Donepezil had no clinically significant effect on any laboratory evaluations and was not associated with hepatotoxicity. These results demonstrate that donepezil is well tolerated and has a favourable safety profile at clinically effective, once-daily doses of 5 mg and 10 mg.
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PMID:Donepezil: tolerability and safety in Alzheimer's disease. 1246 88

Background and Purpose: Although vertebrobasilar ectasia (VBE) is diagnosed with increasing frequency, it is not clear whether this is because of altered hemodynamics caused by the effects of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or vertebral artery dominance (VAD). Therefore, we investigate the relationship between plasma levels of MMPs and VBE in patients with vertigo or dizziness who also have vascular risk factors, in order to determine whether high levels of MMPs in VBE are independent of VAD. Methods: We prospectively studied 285 patients with vertigo or dizziness and at least one vascular risk factor. Plasma levels of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and cathepsin L were measured. Subjects were classified as VBE-negative or VBE-positive, who were further classified based on the presence of VAD with magnetic resonance angiography. Acute ischemic stroke was screened by diffusion-weighted imaging, generally after bedside evaluation and the drawing of blood samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the utility of these potential biomarkers in predicting risk for ischemic stroke. Results: The prevalence of VBE in patients with vertigo or dizziness was 16.5%. Of the 82 patients with ischemic stroke, 14 strokes involved the cortex or subcortex. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in the VBE-positive group than in the VBE-negative group (P = 0.022). There was a significant difference in the risk of posterior circulation ischemic stroke between the VBE-positive group and the VBE-negative group (P = 0.002). Levels of MMP-2 and cathepsin L tended to be higher in the VBE-negative group (P = 0.054, P = 0.060, respectively). Compared with the non-VAD subgroup, levels of MMP-2,-3,-9, TIMP-1,-2, and cathepsin L were similar in the VAD subgroup. ROC analysis showed that MMP-9 predicted risk for ischemic stroke (AUC = 0.582, 95%CI, 0.510-0.654, P = 0.030). Conclusions: MMP-9 was associated with VBE and independent of VAD. High levels of MMP-9 may predict risk for ischemic stroke in patients with vertigo or dizziness who also have vascular risk factors.
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PMID:MMP-9, Vertebrobasilar Ectasia and Vertebral Artery Dominance in Vertigo or Dizziness Patients With Vascular Risk Factors. 3298 40