Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During November-December, 1991, clinicians administered either 15 mg/kg mefloquine or 25 mg/kg mefloquine to 57 and 53 patients, respectively, to treat falciparum malaria. The patients were at the referral hospital in Site 8, a Khmer refugee camp on the border between Thailand and Cambodia. The 2 groups responded essentially the same, except the 15 mg/kg group had a lower mean hemoglobin level than the 25 mg/kg group (9.4 g/dl vs. 10 g/dl; p = .03). Parasitological failure rates on day 28 and 42 were not significantly different between the 2 groups. On day 28, they were 50% for the 15 mg/kg group and 43.4% for the 25 mg/kg group. They were especially high at day 42 (62% and 56%, respectively). Patients in the 25 mg/kg group were more likely to experience adverse effects of mefloquine (13% vs. 7% for vomiting, 26% vs. 19% for diarrhea, and dizziness 74% vs. 70%), but the differences were not significant. The mean serum mefloquine level was basically the same for both groups (2165 mcg/l in 15 mg/kg group and 2284 mcg/l in the 25 mg/kg group). 13 of 19 patients tested had serum mefloquine concentrations greater than 2000 mcg/1 on day 2, yet they experienced parasitological failure. This concentration traditionally indicated successful treatment. People who vomited within an hour of receiving mefloquine had much lower serum mefloquine levels than those who did not vomit (1289 mcg/l vs. 2300 mcg/l; p = .03). Patients who experienced dizziness on day 2 had much higher serum mefloquine levels than those who were not dizzy (2394 mcg/l vs. 1371 mcg/l; p = .006). On day 2, the mean ratio between the levels of the (SR)-(-) and (RS)-(+) enantiomers of mefloquine stood at 3.37, suggesting that differences exist in their pharmacokinetics. The 7-day retreatment regimen with quinine and tetracycline was successful in 93% of the 50 patients who experienced parasitological failure.
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PMID:Falciparum malaria in eastern Thailand: a randomized trial of the efficacy of a single dose of mefloquine. 813 Dec 53

A double-blind, randomized, multicenter study compared 2 combined oral contraceptives containing 150 mcg desogestrel and either 30 mcg (Marvelon/Desolett) or 20 mcg (Mercilon) of ethinyl estradiol, focusing on reliable pregnancy prevention and cycle control. The women were 300 Norwegians, 500 Swedes, and 200 Danes, 52% of whom switched from a prior brand of pill. Women completed bleeding diaries: all bleeding that did not start in the 7-day tablet-free interval and last for 7 or fewer days was considered irregular bleeding, either breakthrough bleeding or spotting. The 2 groups were similar except that those taking the 150/20 combination were slightly older. There were 2 pregnancies with the 20 mcg combination and 3 with the 30 mcg pill, 2 of which were considered method failures. In 8573 cycles analyzed there were more instances of irregular bleeding and amenorrhea with the 20 mcg pill than with the 30 mcg pill. Duration of breakthrough bleeding was not significantly different. Irregular bleeding was also more common n women switching from another brand of pill to a lower estrogen dose pill. Blood pressure decreased slightly on the 20 mcg ill and body weight rose slightly on the 30 mcg pill, but hemoglobin did not change. More women dropped out or chose not to continue taking the 150/20 mcg pill because of side effects, usually irregular bleeding, mood changes, dizziness, or weight gain. Despite these differences, there were enough women who tolerated the lower dose combination pill to merit continuing to take it.
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PMID:Comparative profiles of reliability, cycle control and side effects of two oral contraceptive formulations containing 150 micrograms desogestrel and either 30 micrograms or 20 micrograms ethinyl oestradiol. 821 4

In order to determine the usual dose in the first line therapy and a high dose in the second or third line therapy, a dose finding study of a novel antiestrogen NK 622 (toremifene citrate) was performed in patients (pts) with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. NK 622 was orally administered daily once for more than 8 weeks. In pts without previous drug therapy or in pts with cancer relapse after adjuvant therapy, the response rates [(CR + PR)/total] were 24.1% (7/29), 13.8% (4/29), 20.0% (1/5) and 40.0% (2/5) at doses of 40, 60, 120 and 240 mg/day, respectively. A 40 mg/day dose showed an objective response only in postmenopausal pts with estrogen receptor (ER) positive or unknown cancer. At a dose of 60 mg/day, some of the responding cases were premenopausal pts or pts with ER(-) cancer. In pts with cancer relapse during adjuvant therapy or in those with previous therapy and/or radiation, response rates were 25.0% (2/8), 0% (0/4), 13.5% (5/37) and 10.3% (4/39) at doses of 40, 60, 120 and 240 mg/day, respectively. Response was more frequent in pts with ER (+) cancer than with ER (-) cancer. The response rates in pts with previous therapy including tamoxifen (TAM) except medroxyprogesterone (MPA) were 14.3% (4/28) at a 120 mg/day dose and 6.1% (2/33) at a 240 mg/day dose. In pts with previous therapy including TAM, MPA and other antitumor agents, the rate was 18.2% (2/11) at a 120 mg/day dose. Side effects such as elevation of GOT, GPT and serum Ca level, decrease of hemoglobin, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, dizziness and hot flush were observed. These side effects were moderate in grade and reversible. Dose dependency of side effects was not clearly observed in grade and incidence. From these results, NK 622 is expected to be a safe drug with efficacy in first line therapy at a dose of 40 mg/day and in second or third line therapy at a dose of 120 mg/day.
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PMID:[Phase II study of NK 622 (toremifene citrate) in advanced breast cancer, a multicentral cooperative dose finding study]. 842 89

Patient 1; A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of general malaise. Her peripheral blood count showed bicytopenia of 900/microliter with 2% blasts, 7.0 g/dl hemoglobin, and 199,000/microliter platelets. Examination of bone marrow revealed hypocellular marrow with peroxidase-negative blasts (89%). Surface marker analysis of blast cells revealed CD13 agents. Electron-microscopically, myeloperoxidase staining was positive. The diagnosis was hypoplastic leukemia in which blasts had a feature of minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML-MO). Patient 2; A 78-year-old man was admitted to our emergency unit because of dizziness and dyspnea on exertion. Examination of peripheral blood showed pancytopenia but no blast cells. Examination of bone marrow showed a markedly hypocellular marrow with 38% blast cells. These blast cells were negative for myeloperoxidase and they had CD13 antigen on their surfaces. The diagnosis was minimally differentiated hypoplastic leukemia. At the time of this writing these two patients had been receiving only red cell transfusions for about six months, and the disease had not progressed.
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PMID:[Minimally differentiated hypoplastic leukemia in two elderly patients]. 907 9

The effectiveness and safety of vaginal misoprostol, without the need for postexpulsion systematic curettage, were investigated in 120 Cuban women seeking late first-trimester abortion (10-12 weeks). Women received 800 mcg of misoprostol vaginally every 24 hours, for a maximum of three doses. Complete abortion occurred in 104 women (87%); 87 women (73%) aborted after a single dose, 11 (9%) required two doses, and 6 (5%) received a third dose. The remaining 16 women (13%) underwent surgical abortion. Mean hemoglobin decreased from 12.2 mg/dl before treatment to 11.6 mg/dl after abortion--a difference that was statistically but not clinically significant. Side effects--which disappeared within 2 hours--included nausea (22%), vomiting (17%), diarrhea (54%), dizziness (25%), headache (19%), and chills (72%). Although 99% of subjects reported pelvic pain (99%), only 10% requested an analgesic for pain relief. Vaginal bleeding persisted for a mean of 8 days. According to logistic regression analysis, the only variable significantly associated with treatment success was race. The success rate was 94% among White women compared with 73% among Black and Black Cuban women. The acceptable expulsion period, the fact that a postabortion systematic curettage was not required, the clinically insignificant hemoglobin loss, and the high success rate all demonstrate that misoprostol administered vaginally may be a valid method for interrupting late first-trimester pregnancies.
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PMID:Vaginal misoprostol for late first trimester abortion. 967 40

Starr County, Texas, a Texas-Mexico border community, was the site of a study involving culturally-appropriate education and group support for Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from 63 subjects on frequency of diabetes-related symptoms during the previous month and on self-care symptom treatments. On average, subjects were 57-year-old females, diagnosed with diabetes for 10 years, and exhibiting HbA1c levels of 12.5%. Almost 50% experienced excessive urination, excessive thirst, shakiness/nervousness, and numbness and/or tingling in their extremities. More than 50% of those who experienced symptoms did not view them as serious. Only one subject checked blood sugar levels when symptoms occurred. Significantly higher mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels were found for individuals who experienced dizziness and/or chest pain compared with those who did not. A variety of self-care treatments were employed, including over-the-counter medications and home remedies.
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PMID:Symptom-related self-care of Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes: preliminary findings of the Starr County Diabetes Education Study. 967 51

The symptoms and severity of anemia depend on various factors, including the degree of anemia, the rapidity of its onset, and the age and physiologic status of the patient. Although the human body tries to counterbalance the effects of anemia by various mechanisms, almost every organ system of the human body is eventually affected. The symptoms experienced by patients vary from cold skin, dizziness, and palpitations to pulmonary edema, heart failure, depression, and severe impairment of cognitive function. Anemia substantially impacts patients' quality of life, a fact that has been shown in several clinical trials in patients with renal disease as well as in patients suffering from various malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. These studies evaluated the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO, epoetin alfa) to anemic patients, and it was shown that raising hemoglobin levels with epoetin alfa ameliorated the symptoms of anemia and significantly improved the functional status and overall quality of life in cancer patients. Furthermore, preliminary data indicate that the correction of anemia in cancer patients may in addition improve treatment efficacy and possibly overall survival.
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PMID:Symptomatology of anemia. 1139 46

Some plants contain glycoside compounds which determine cardiovascular symptoms similar to those observed after acute toxic digoxin administration. The present case report involves a patient who showed important cardiovascular symptoms following the ingestion of Thevetia nereifolia/peruviana seeds. About 30 min after ingestion, a 65-year-old man presented with dizziness, giddiness, numbness and a burning sensation, diarrhea, sweating, vomiting and ECG changes. At the time of admission he presented with tremors; his body temperature was 37 degrees C, and blood analysis gave the following results: K 5.6 mEq/l, myoglobin 176 IU, troponin T 0.10 ng/ml, PO2 69 mmHg, PCO2 37.4 mmHg, pH 7.33, HCO3- 19.9 mEq/l, hemoglobin 14.8 g/dl, saturation 92.5%. Echocardiography showed a left ventricle with normal global and segmentary contractility. The following days, the patient showed a reduction, until total resolution, of the atrioventricular block and of the alterations of the ST segment. The ectopic beats also resolved; K value before discharge was 4.4 mEq/l. On the third day, the serum levels of digoxin were 0.15 ng/ml. This case report is important because it describes all the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular signs of glycoside toxicity in an adult patient who accidentally swallowed only two seeds (non-fatal dose) of Thevetia.
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PMID:Cardiovascular glycoside-like intoxication following ingestion of Thevetia nereifolia/peruviana seeds: a case report. 1192 13

Anemia is a common complication in patients with hematologic malignancies, and is caused by a variety of mechanisms, including neoplastic cell infiltration into the bone marrow, hemolysis, nutritional deficiencies, and defects in erythropoiesis as a result of the disease itself or cytotoxic therapy. The anemia associated with multiple myeloma is caused by inadequate erythropoietin levels consequent to renal impairment and the effect of inflammatory cytokines. The degree of anemia can have prognostic importance, as is the case with multiple myeloma, or be a significant indicator of disease stage, as noted with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Anemia results in fatigue, exhaustion, dizziness, headache, dyspnea, and decreased motivation, seriously affecting a patient's quality of life. Since anemia is so prevalent in hematologic malignancy patients, its treatment must be an integral part of disease management, to improve quality of life and to possibly increase potential survival. Clinical studies have shown that effectively treating anemia and increasing hemoglobin levels using recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO, epoetin alfa) has a significant effect on transfusion requirements and quality of life.
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PMID:The effects of anemia in hematologic malignancies: more than a symptom. 1208 53

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, and non-irritating gas formed when carbon in fuel is not burned completely. It enters the bloodstream through the lungs and attaches to hemoglobin (Hb), the body's oxygen carrier, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and thereby reducing oxygen (O(2)) delivery to the body's organs and tissues. High COHb concentrations are poisonous. Central nervous system (CNS) effects in individuals suffering acute CO poisoning cover a wide range, depending on severity of exposure: headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, disorientation, confusion, collapse, and coma. At lower concentrations, CNS effects include reduction in visual perception, manual dexterity, learning, driving performance, and attention level. Earlier work is frequently cited to justify the statement that CO exposure sufficient to produce COHb levels of ca. 5% would be sufficient to produce visual sensitivity reduction and various neurobehavioral performance deficits. In a recent literature re-evaluation, however, the best estimate was that [COHb] would have to rise to 15-20% before a 10% reduction in any behavioral or visual measurement could be observed. This conclusion was based on (1) critical review of the literature on behavioral and sensory effects, (2) review and interpretation of the physiological effects of COHb on the CNS, (3) extrapolation from the effects of hypoxic hypoxia to the effects of CO hypoxia, and (4) extrapolation from rat behavioral effects of CO to humans. Also covered in this review article are effects of chronic CO exposure, the discovery of neuroglobin, a summary of the relatively new role for endogenous CO in neurotransmission and vascular homeostasis, groups which might be especially sensitive to CO, and recommendations on further research. The interested reader is directed to other published reviews of the literature on CO and historically seminal references that form our understanding of this ubiquitous gas.
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PMID:Carbon monoxide and the nervous system. 1266 97


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