Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were given single oral doses of 2-amino-2', 6'-propionoxylidide hydrochloride (APX), a lidocaine congener, to investigate the drug's efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Of the 7 patients receiving more than 100 mg, 5 demonstrated at least 60% reduction in PVCs in the 5-hour period following one of the doses; the responsiveness to APX was similar to that observed when intravenous lidocaine was given to the same patients. There were side effects of transient dizziness, lightheadedness, and nausea in 3 patients 20 to 30 min after doses of 400 to 800 mg; slightly smaller doses in 2 of these patients retained efficacy without side effects. There were no effects on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or the electrocardiogram of normally conducted beats. Laboratory values remained within normal limits, although the hemoglobin level and hematocrit showed a small but significant fall probably related to repeated blood sampling during the study. Drug plasma levels at 1 and 2 hr after administration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve were proportional to dose, and the drug disappeared with a mean elimination half-life of 14.7 +/- 1.7 hr (mean +/- SD). Plasma levels resulting in suppression of PVCs ranged from 1 to 5 mug/ml. A mean of 39.7 +/- 12.4% of an orally administered dose was recovered unchanged in 48-hr urine collections. Comparison of the present results with those previously obtained after intravenous administration of APX indicates that oral bioavailability of the drug was essentially complete. APX appears to be a promising orally effective antiarrhythmic drug with suitable pharmacokinetic characteristics to warrant studies designed to establish dosage regimens for chronic therapy.
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PMID:Antiarrhythmic effects of a lidocaine congener, tocainide, 2-amino-2',6'-propionoxylidide, in man. 77 80

Twenty-six patients with severe falciparum malaria were randomized to be treated with quinine or artemether. Twelve patients received quinine at the standard dose and fourteen patients received artemether intramuscularly at a total dose of 640 mg over 7 days. The patients were kept in the hospital for at least 7 days. Peripheral smear was performed 6-hourly until there was no parasitemia, then daily until discharged. Adverse effects were monitored through physical examination, laboratory findings and questionnaires. Laboratory examination was performed on admission, day 2, day 4 weekly until discharged. The patients in both groups were comparable in age, body weight, admission parasitemia, hemoglobin and white blood cell count. The survival rates were 93% and 58% in artemether and quinine groups, respectively (p = 0.052 at 95% confidence, using Fisher's exact test). The parasite and fever clearance times, and the time taken to gain consciousness in cerebral malaria patients were not significantly different between the two groups. Adverse effects in the quinine group consisted of dizziness and vertigo which were found in 4 patients. No adverse effects were noticed in the artemether group. This preliminary report suggests that artemether is a good alternative drug for severe falciparum malaria and seems to be better than quinine regarding survival rate and side effects. Confirmation of these findings in a larger study size is needed.
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PMID:Preliminary report: a comparative clinical trial of artemether and quinine in severe falciparum malaria. 129 87

The efficacy and safety of gliclazide (Diamicron) were studied in 29 NIDDM patients (19 men and 10 women aged 25-68 years) who failed to improve with diet or with diet plus a sulfonylurea. All patients were overweight and had fasting blood glucose levels consistently above 150 mg/dl (8.24 mmol/l). After withdrawal of oral hypoglycemics where applicable, they received 40 mg Diamicron three times daily with meals. The dose was increased by 40-80 mg/day until optimum control was obtained or up to a maximum of 320 mg/day. Treatment lasted for 12 months. At the end of this period the mean fasting blood glucose level had fallen by 35% from 238 to 154 mg/dl and the mean 2-h postprandial blood glucose level had fallen by 28% from 237.7 to 195 mg/dl. The mean glycosylated hemoglobin level also fell by 30% from 10.10 to 7.02%, i.e. within the normal range. In addition, there was a 19% fall in triglyceride and a 10% fall in cholesterol levels, with no change in body weight. No changes were observed for serum insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels, thyroid function tests, blood counts, liver and kidney function tests, uric acid, electrolytes, blood pressure or heart rate. No clinical or ECG abnormalities were observed in patients with or without cardiovascular disease. There were two presumptive hypoglycemic reactions, but these did not require treatment. Adverse effects were reported by 22 patients, including dizziness and light-headedness, diarrhea, nausea, palpitations and pruritus, but none required modification of Diamicron therapy. The results therefore show that Diamicron is safe, effective and well tolerated in suitably selected NIDDM patients.
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PMID:Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Diamicron in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 179 70

Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative with enhanced potency and specificity of action on lipids. Preclinical toxicology reveals minimal toxic effects; dose-related changes occurred seldom, with only hepatic effects in rodents (mainly enzyme changes), some renal effects in dogs, and no reactions in monkeys. Teratogenicity tests were negative, and mutagenicity was not associated with fenofibrate. Carcinogenicity was evident in rodents with liver carcinoma at doses of 12 or 40 times the human dose, but cancer has not been associated with fenofibrate in over 10 years of clinical research and use. European experience with fenofibrate involved 7,145 patients in short- and long-term clinical trials, plus 10 years of marketing experience with a patient exposure of 6 million patient-years. Adverse effects were relatively low in frequency (6%) in the European clinical trials and manifested as gastrointestinal effects, muscle pain, skin problems, and sweating or dizziness. Short- and long-term fenofibrate studies revealed basically the same scope and frequency of adverse effects. Experience in US clinical trials mirrored the European experience; three types of adverse effects occurred more commonly in fenofibrate patients versus placebo: skin reactions, neurologic effects, and musculoskeletal reactions. Laboratory tests were mildly abnormal for liver function, leukocytes, and hemoglobin; these reactions were significant enough to be considered adverse drug experiences only occasionally. Hepatobiliary tests for lithogenicity showed an increase in cholesterol saturation, but gallstones seldom have been associated with fenofibrate. Postmarketing, open experiences in Europe over 10 years have been consistent with the study results. The rate of reactions has been low (about 115/year or a 0.3% incidence rate). The reactions noted in these spontaneous reports were hepatic, renal, gallstones, cutaneous, hematologic, sexual asthenia, and weight loss. In general, fenofibrate can be considered a safe and well-tolerated lipid-lowering drug that has been scrutinized extensively for safety in clinical research and during an already long marketing period in Europe.
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PMID:Safety of fenofibrate--US and worldwide experience. 267 10

Carbon monoxide poisoning causes tissue hypoxia because of reduced transfer and altered release of oxygen by hemoglobin. Considering many case histories, we realized that symptoms and clinical signs of acute poisoning are mostly neurologic: coma, headache, dizziness, vomiting. On the contrary, it seems that myocardium, the other organ which mostly requires O2, is attacked in a "silent way". ECG in 5 patients with accidental carbon monoxide poisoning underlined that cardiac rate increased (3 of them presented tachyarrhythmias by atrial fibrillation) and the presence of more or less important alteration of ventricular repolarization like "subendocardial lesion". Simple hyperbaric oxygen treatment determined the regression of the rhythm disorder and of the abnormalities of ventricular repolarization. The only patient who had not the restoration of sinus rhythm had chronic atrial fibrillation.
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PMID:[Cardiologic aspects of carbon monoxide poisoning]. 275 46

The safety of terazosin, an effective agent for the treatment of hypertension, was assessed by analyzing data from 1,006 hypertensive patients who were enrolled in short-term and/or long-term studies. The total experience with terazosin in this article represents 422.5 patient-years. Changes in pulse rate measurements from pretreatment to posttreatment were not significantly different between the terazosin- and placebo-treated patients (-1.0 beat per minute for the terazosin group and -1.0 beat per minute for the placebo group, in the supine position). Dizziness, headache, and asthenia were the most commonly reported adverse experiences among all terazosin-treated patients, although the incidence of headache in placebo-controlled trials was not significantly different between the terazosin and placebo groups. As a whole, patients receiving terazosin had a tendency to gain small amounts of weight (2 pounds). In addition, there was a trend for slight decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, total protein, and albumin levels in those patients who received terazosin, suggesting hemodilution. Overall, terazosin was shown to be safe in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Overall safety of terazosin as an antihypertensive agent. 287 12

Data from 5 studies recently conducted in Bangladesh regarding dizziness as a major side effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use were reviewed. The Bangladeshi women describe dizziness as "Mata gurai" (headspinning), a sensation of rotary motion unaccompanied by nausea or vomiting. It appears to mimic the characteristics of postural hypotension rather than true vertigo and is often associated with generalized weakness. Both dizziness and weakness were cited by a large proportion of women in study A as reasons for discontinuation, and the 2 symptoms were often linked. Burning sensations, usually in the extremities, also proved to be a frequent cause of discontinuation. In study B, except for dizziness, there was no significant difference between women continuing OC use and those who had stopped use. The incidence of dizziness reported by discontinuers was significantly higher than that reported by continuing users. The case-control health survey used in study C corroborated the view that some complaints associated with OC use were equally common in nonusers, but the incidence of dizziness and eye problems was significantly higher in OC users than in both matched control groups. There were no significant associations found between dizziness and hemoglobin levels or blood pressure in study D. Of those women who took multiple vitamin capsules in study E, 57% reported a lessening of dizzinesss, compared with 69% who received glucose capsules.
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PMID:Dizziness associated with discontinuation of oral contraceptives in Bangladesh. 610 46

Investigation of 122 women attending Modakele Maternity Center in Ile-Ife, southern Nigeria in 1980 who complained of constant dizziness during pregnancy and used traditional black rings on their middle fingers as a prophylactic against dizziness during pregnancy were screened for anemia. These women were asked what they thought were the causes of dizziness and how they treated it. 59% were anemic (hemoglobin less than 10g/100ml). None of them had blood prssure above 120/70 mm. Hg. More than were 25-30 years and multigravida; 82% of the experimental group and 27% of the control group were illiterate. All the women in the experimental group thought that insufficient blood caused dizziness. They were all wearing black rings presoaked in native medicine to prevent dizziness. They all believed that rubbing the black on their faces instantly alleviated dizziness. No other medicine was taken along with the use of the ring; to do otherwise would show lack of confidence in the balck medicine. After 2 months of treatment with ferrous gluconate 300 mg 3 times daily, folic acid, weekly antimalarial drugs, and individual regular nutrition counseling, the incidence of anemia was redued to 22.7%. The mean hemoglobin levels before and after initiation of drug therapy were 8.5 and 10,8g/100 ml respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 means (P0.05). There was also a marked difference between the mean hemoglobin levels of ring-wearers and nonring-wearers in the less educated members of the 2 groups (P0.001). It can be inferred from this study that the wearing of black rings indicates that the patients are likely to be anemic, and that educated women seem less likely to rely on this type of traditional treatment of pregnancy anemia.
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PMID:Traditional treatment of pregnancy anaemia in Nigeria. An indication for modern therapeutics. 649 78

Carbon monoxide poisoning usually results from inhalation of exhaust fumes from motor vehicles, smoke from fires or fumes from faulty heating systems. Carbon monoxide has a high affinity for hemoglobin, with which it forms carboxyhemoglobin. The resulting decrease in both oxygen-carrying capacity and oxygen release can lead to end-organ hypoxia. The clinical presentation is nonspecific. Headache, dizziness, fatigue and nausea are common in mild to moderate carbon monoxide poisoning. In more severe cases, tachycardia, tachypnea and central nervous system depression occur. When carbon monoxide intoxication is suspected, empiric treatment with 100 percent oxygen should be initiated immediately. The diagnosis is confirmed by documenting an elevated carboxyhemoglobin level. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is recommended in patients with neurologic dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction or a history of unconsciousness.
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PMID:Carbon monoxide intoxication. 769 50

Safety aspects [adverse events, blood pressure and heart rate, weight, and laboratory tests (liver parameters, hemoglobin, leukocytes)] of long-term treatment in 1,120 patients are discussed. Adverse events during this long-term treatment were also compared with those of a subgroup of these patients who, before long-term treatment, were treated on a short-term basis (n = 706). Efficacy [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Clinical Global Impression of Efficacy (CGI), and occurrence of relapses and recurrences] in a homogeneous sample of 485 patients is also discussed. The adverse events most frequently observed during long-term treatment were insomnia, headache, and dizziness. Insomnia and headache were also most often occurring in the compared sample of patients with short-term treatment, whereas dizziness during this treatment period ranked at the fifth position. Supine and standing mean blood pressure did not consistently change during long-term treatment, the most prominent increases in comparison with baseline were seen in the period > 1 year of treatment (6.3 mm Hg supine/7.2 mm Hg standing). Comparison of blood pressure values in the hypertensive range at baseline and during long-term treatment revealed no statistical difference (McNemar test p = 0.07829). Mean heart rate slightly decreased during long-term treatment (by a maximum of 6.3 beats/min supine, 8.2 beats/min standing). Mean weight did not change between baseline and treatment end point. There were 23 patients with a weight loss of 10 kg or more and 16 patients with a weight gain of 10 kg or more. For none of the laboratory parameters tested was there a statistical significance regarding shifts from normal to pathological values. HAM-D mean total scores in the above-mentioned subgroup of patients decreased from 25.05 points at baseline (n = 485) to 7.88 points after 1 year of treatment (n = 139). Seventy-five patients who had favorably responded to treatment (total responders n = 300) relapsed during the first 6 months of treatment. During the second half-year of treatment the recurrence rate was 14.8%, and during the third 6 months the recurrence rate was 12.2%. CGI in the same subsample of patients in whom HAMD was evaluated (n = 485) compared with those patients who did not drop out during the short-term period up to 44 days and entered long-term treatment (n = 401) showed that the percentage of the ratings "no change/worse" was higher in the sample that also included patients who withdrew from treatment during the short-term period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety and efficacy during long-term treatment with moclobemide. 795 86


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