Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An overview of the use of kallikrein to treat male sterility is presented. Kallikrein was shown to increase sperm motility in both in vivo and in vitro studies. The vitality and longevity of the sperm are also enhanced. These effects are due to the stimulation of the intracellular concentration of cyclical adenosonemonophosphates in the sperm. Quinine receptors on the sperm surface are assumed to be the mechanism responsible for the kallikrein effect. Kallikrein stimulates spermal penetration of cervical mucus by about 80% and causes a significant increase in total sperm output 3 months from the beginning of treatment. After 2 months of use, kallikrein leads to an increase in the number of normally formed spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Kallikrein is indicated in cases of asthenospermia and oligozoospermia, in some cases of teratozoospermia, in cases of the vegetative-functional congestion syndrome desecribed by Hoffmann, and is recommended in cases of testicular parenchyme damage involving tubulus function. Parenteral administration involves 40 KE (1KE=8mcg) thrice weekly, oral administration 300-600 KE daily. Kallikrein is added directly to the ejaculate in instrumental insemination in cases of therapy-resistant decrease in motility associated with asthenospermia or oligozoospermia. Concentrations of 5 KE per ml ejaculate are used in such cases. Chronic infection, especially in the genital area, and the incidence of dizziness during therapy are contraindications to kellikrein use.
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PMID:[Therapy of male fertility disorders with kallikrein]. 79 6

This review discusses clinical aspects and mechanism of action of various injectable steroids used for contraception. The clinical effectiveness of various injectables is presented tabularly, with the following compounds having notable failure rates: medroxyprogesterone, 400 mg, 9.5 pregnancy/100 woman years; SH 582, 200 mg, 37/100 woman years; SH 582, 2.5 mg, 30/100 woman years; oxagesterone, 50 mg, 22/100 woman years. Contraceptive efficacy of medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone enanthate, and Deladroxate was confirmed. Cycle control using injectables was generally good, but oral estrogens can be used with the injectables to help cycle control if needed. Clinical side effects to pure progestogens are minimal, although headaches, dizziness, dyspepsia, or nonspecific effects have been noted. Addition of estrogen leads to breast symptoms in 9-13% of cases, and sometimes to weight gain, nausea, and vomiting. Use of injectables is particularly encouraged for postpartum women. Despite cycle irregularities associated with progestogen injectables, acceptability is good--drop-out rate is in the 25% range for the commonly used compounds. Fertility is reestablished within 5 weeks to 4 months after injections cease. Possible mechanisms of action of injectables include: inhibition of ovulation either due to inhibition of luteinizing hormone or direct effect on the ovary; effect on the endometrium; or effect on cervical mucus such that it becomes hostile to spermatozoa.
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PMID:Injectable steroids as a method of contraception. 1231 80