Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Norfloxacin is a quinoline (quinolinecarboxylic acid) that should prove successful in treating infections that currently require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Although a nalidixic acid derivative, it possesses greater antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Compared with other antimicrobial agents, norfloxacin is more potent than the aminoglycosides, first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, carbenicillin, piperacillin, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, cinoxacin, and enoxacin. In the clinical studies to date, the side effects of norfloxacin have been minimal, but include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, depression, and a bitter taste in the mouth. In studies with more than 4000 patients, the incidence of side effects ranged from 3.9 to 4.7 percent, with most appearing by the second day of therapy.
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PMID:Norfloxacin: a quinoline antibiotic. 351 15

A comparative study of the new antibacterial agent, rosoxacin, a quinoline derivative, with spectinomycin was made in women with uncomplicated cervical, urethral, pharyngeal, and rectal gonorrhoea. Rosoxacin was given in three oral regimens: 200 mg in a single dose, 300 mg in a single dose, and 300 mg in two doses of 150 mg four hours apart. All culture results 72 hours after administration were negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in all 81 women compared with 107 of 109 who received 2 g spectinomycin intramuscularly. Thirty-five of the women successfully treated with rosoxacin harboured penicillinase-producing strains of N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and 46 non-penicillinase-producing (non-PPNG) strains. Fifty of the women treated with spectinomycin had PPNG strains and 59 non-PPNG strains. Mild self-limiting side effects, principally dizziness, occurred in varying frequency with rosoxacin, but these were difficult to evaluate owing to the characteristics of the patient population and the conditions under which the study was conducted.
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PMID:Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in women. Comparison of rosoxacin and spectinomycin. 621 87

A study of the new anti-bacterial agent, rosoxacin, a quinoline derivative was made in male subjects with uncomplicated acute gonorrhoea using a single oral dose of 200 mg and a single dose of 300 mg. Of the eight patients who received a single dose of 200 mg, post-treatment urethral smears and cultures for N. gonorrhoeae were positive in all and these subjects were considered as treatment failures. In contrast, a single dose of 300 mg was highly effective as all twenty-four who received this dose were cured as judged by negative urethral smears and cultures on the 7th post-treatment day. Of the thirty-eight isolates of M. gonorrhoeae obtained in the study, fifteen (39.5%) were penicillinase-producing, indicating that rosoxacin is effective in treating penicillin-resistant gonorrhoea. Mild to moderate dizziness and/or drowsiness was experienced by four of twenty-nine patients evaluated for safety on the 300 mg single dose, giving an incidence of side-effects of 14%. The symptoms were of brief duration and were self-limiting. A single oral dose of this drug appears to be an ideal treatment for the rapid cure of acute gonorrhoea.
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PMID:Single oral dose rosoxacin in the treatment of gonorrhoea in males. 680 Aug 61

CNS adverse drug events are dramatic, and case reports have influenced clinical opinion on the use of antimalarials. Malaria also causes CNS symptoms, thus establishing causality is difficult. CNS events are associated with the quinoline and artemisinin derivatives. Chloroquine, once considered too toxic for humans, has been the antimalarial of choice for 40 years. While a range of serious CNS effects have been documented during chloroquine therapy, the incidence is unclear (extrapyramidal symptoms occur with an incidence of 1 in 5000). Amodiaquine has a higher incidence of mild CNS effects than chloroquine. Mefloquine therapy causes dose-related transient dizziness. Serious CNS events during mefloquine therapy occur in 1:1200 Asians and 1:200 Caucasians/Africans. Risk factors include dosage, concomitant drug use/interactions, previous history of a CNS event and disease severity. Retreatment (within a month) increases the risk in Asians 7-fold. Studies indicate that the frequency of serious CNS events with mefloquine prophylaxis (1:10,000) is similar to that with chloroquine (1:13,600). Quinine causes cinchonism at standard therapeutic doses. High-tone hearing loss occurs, but irreversible auditory or ocular effects are very rare. The artemisinin derivatives are associated with dose-dependent brain lesions in rodent, canine and nonhuman primates. At low doses, histological injury has been demonstrated, without clinical neurological signs. No significant toxicity has been reported in humans. Other antimalarial drugs are seldom associated with CNS adverse events. Data do not suggest a need to diminish the correct use of the quinoline derivatives. Irreversible effects are extremely rare and usually associated with overdosing or prior history of a serious CNS event. Concomitant therapeutic use of 2 drugs from the same family, or retreatment with the same drug, should be avoided. Onset of drug-associated serious CNS events requires drug discontinuation and future avoidance of the drug.
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PMID:CNS adverse events associated with antimalarial agents. Fact or fiction? 852 12

The study was carried out to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between artemether (ARTEM) and quinoline antimalarials namely mefloquine (MQ), quinine (QN) and primaquine (PQ) when given concurrently. A randomised comparative, seven way cross-over design was performed in eight healthy male Thais following the administrations of seven drug regimens on seven occasions i.e. a single oral dose of ARTEM (300 mg), or MQ (750 mg), or QN (600 mg), or PQ (45 mg) alone, or the combination of ARTEM (300 mg) with MQ (750 mg), or QN (600 mg), or PQ (45 mg). All clinical and laboratory parameters were normal in all subjects, before, during and after the study. The eight subject experienced no adverse effect after ARTEM, QN, PQ alone regimens, or combination of ARTEM with QN and PQ. After administration of MQ in either occasion, 3 subjects had weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea; one subject complained of dizziness. All symptoms were mild and occurred during the first day of MQ administration. The fitting of the concentration-time curves of ARTEM, QN and PQ, to a one-compartment model with first order absorption yielded satisfactory results in all subjects. The best fit model for MQ was two-compartment model with first order absorption. The pharmacokinetics of all investigated drug, when given alone or in combination were not significantly different.
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PMID:Absence of significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between artemether and quinoline antimalarials. 1142 Aug 86