Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

General anesthesia offers greater comfort for both the abortion patient and the operator. The combination of diazepam and ketamine which is rapidly reversible and offers a moderately deep anesthesia was used in 127 voluntary abortions and 3 therapeutic abortions. Patients ranged in age from 14-40 years and averaged 26, with 58% under 26. Patient weights ranged from 40-82 kg and averaged 56 kg. 43% were primaparas and average parity was 2.5. The average duration of the prenancy was 8.1 weeks. 10 patients were obese, 1 was asthmatic, 1 was a controlled hypertensive, 3 had cardiopathies, and 4 each had hepatitis and meningitis. 1 had treated epilepsy and 2 had serious depressive syndromes. 3 women had previously had voluntary abortions, 9 had had miscarriages, and 1 had had an extrauterine pregnancy. 17% had no fear or anxiety before the procedure, 56% had moderate levels, 28% had significant levels, and 19% had very high levels. 94% of the procedures were done by aspiration and in most cases a preliminary insertion of laminaria was done. The average duration of the procedure was 5 minutes, with extremes of 2 and 25 minutes. Patients were premedicated 1 hour before the procedure with intramuscular injections of 10 mg diazepam and 1/4 mg of atropine. For the induction, a butterfly needle with an antireturn system was used to inject 10 mg of diazepam and 1/4 mg of atropine diluted in 20 ml of distilled water. The patient was placed in the gynecological position and, if necessary, 5 mg of diazepam were added. Between .5-1 mg/kg of ketamine were injected in 10-15 seconds. The same dose was reinjected if the anesthesia was insufficient or the procedure was prolonged. A mixture of 40% oxygen and 60% nitrous oxide was administered if necessary. Patients remained in bed for 6 hours after awakening. 85% of patients received total doses of ketamine of .70mg/kg or less. Average duration of anesthesia was 9.2 minutes, with durations of less than 15 minutes in 94% of cases. On awakening 5% of patients had nausea and vomiting. 16% had minor psychic disturbances or disorientation, 8% had moderate problems with vocalization, and 2% had hallucinatory delirium with agitation. Overall, 20% of patients experienced headaches, 11% nausea, and 9% dizziness. It was concluded that the combination of diazepam .2 mg/kg and ketamine .5-.7 mg/kg provides well tolerated light anesthesia utilizable for outpatient abortions.
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PMID:[Diazepam and ketamine for voluntary interruptions of pregnancy]. 692 72

In 17 epileptics receiving carbamazepine (CBZ) alone or in combination with other anticonvulsant drugs, administration of triacetyloleandomycin (Tri A) led to an acute and unexpected intoxication (drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness). Similar symptoms occurred again in 3 patients after Tri A was administered a second time. The same toxic manifestations were observed in two patients receiving CBZ and erythromycin. A rapid increase in plasma levels of CBZ occurred after institution of Tri A therapy in 6 patients, the CBZ levels quickly returning to normal after withdrawal of Tri A. Thus, it is suggested that the observed intoxication is due to the simultaneous administration of CBZ and Tri A (or erythromycin). The possible role of hepatic dysfunction in this syndrome of intoxication is discussed. Furthermore, the intoxication may be at least partially related to serum electrolyte disturbances, as suggested by one case in which obvious signs of water intoxication were detected. The severity and frequency of intoxication should lead to proscribing Tri A or other macrolide antibiotics in patients receiving CBZ.
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PMID:Carbamazepine intoxication due to triacetyloleandomycin administration in epileptic patients. 696 64

1 Single oral doses of lofexidine, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg produced dose related decreases in supine and standing arterial pressure and heart rate in nineteen patients with essential hypertension. 2 A mean oral antihypertensive threshold dose of less than 0.1 mg was estimated. 3 Lofexidine decreased mean urinary noradrenaline excretion 28% and caused significant retention of sodium and water. 4 The most prominent side effects were sedation and orthostatic dizziness. 5 Lofexidine is pharmacologically similar to, but apparently less potent than clonidine as an antihypertensive agent.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effects of lofexidine in patients with essential hypertension. 705 42

The effects of Ro 12-4713, a vasodilator, on blood pressure and heart rate, were tested in 13 ambulant patients with mild to severe hypertension. The patients received Ro 12-4713 in total oral doses ranging from 1.5 to 4 mg/kg over a 3-5 day period. Standard laboratory tests were done 24 h before and after the study. Standing and supine blood pressure and heart rate were determined before, and every hour for 6-8 h after drug administration. ECGs were recorded before, during and at the end of each study day. Ro 12-4713 reduced the pretreatment standing and supine-blood pressure from 213 +/- 34/126 +/- 21 mmHg and 218 +/- 31/130 +/- 20 mmHg to 156 +/- 33/85 +/- 9 mmHg and 158 +/- 25/88 +/- 11 mmHg at the end of Day 5. Heart rate was only transiently increased in patients with pretreatment values of less than 90 beats/min. Although abnormal ECGs tended towards normalization, there were 2 cases of T-wave inversion (the patients remained asymptomatic). Raised BUN levels tended to decrease towards normal. Side effects reported spontaneously by patients (headaches, palpitations, dizziness, nausea and one case of water retention) appeared to be transient in nature. Ro 12-4713 appeared to be a very potent and long lasting antihypertensive agent, whose inherent side effects were only transient in nature.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effects of a novel peripheral vasodilator, Ro 12-4713. 728 27

Copper is an essential micronutrient and a potential toxic metal. The USEPA current maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG, a nonenforceable aspirational health goal) and the required treatment technique action level, both set at 1.3 mg/liter of copper are not adequately protective for infants and children under 10 years of age. Infants and children up to 10 years of age have increased susceptibility to copper toxicity. The two main reasons for the high sensitivity in this population subgroup are the presence of a normally high concentration of copper in the liver during early life and the lack of a fully developed homeostatic mechanism of copper in children under 10 years of age. This sensitive group of infants and children represents approximately 17% of the total U.S. population. The adverse health effects caused by drinking water contaminated with copper are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. The proposed drinking water guideline of 0.3 mg/liter for copper was derived by the application of the risk assessment procedures approved by the USEPA. Drinking water containing 0.3 mg/liter of copper will provide approximately 26% of the nutritional requirement of copper. This proposed drinking water guideline (0.3 mg/liter) for copper will adequately protect health of infants, children, and adults.
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PMID:Need to revise the national drinking water regulation for copper. 866 36

Dizziness is a nonspecific symptom caused by many different pathophysiologic mechanisms. Vertigo, an illusion of movement, indicates a lesion within the vestibular system. The duration of attacks and associated symptoms helps to determine the site of lesion and likely diagnosis. Examination of the dizzy patient should include a careful assessment of gait and balance and a search for spontaneous and positional nystagmus. The vestibulo-ocular reflex can be evaluated qualitatively at the bedside with the doll's eye, dynamic visual acuity, and ice water caloric tests. Each test provides different information about vestibular function.
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PMID:Approach to the evaluation of the dizzy patient. 857 Feb 43

The diuretic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of CI-977, a new centrally acting selective kappa-opioid agonist, were determined in 16 healthy subjects. Subjects received single intramuscular doses of CI-977 (5, 15, or 25 micrograms) or placebo 1 week apart according to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-period, crossover design. Serial blood and urine specimens were collected after each dose. Significant dose-related decreases in negative free water clearance and urine osmolality and increases in urine volume were observed after administration of 15- and 25-micrograms doses of CI-977. CI-977 had no effect on urine electrolyte excretion or serum antidiuretic hormone. Absorption of CI-977 was rapid with individual tmax values ranging from 0.17 to 1.5 hours. Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) increased proportionally with dose. Individual elimination half-life values ranged from 0.6 to 3.3 hours and were independent of dose. Changes in free water clearance were related to CI-977 Cmax (r2 = 0.29, P = 0.0001) and AUC(0-4 hr) (r2 = 0.32, P = 0.0001) values. The most frequently reported adverse events after CI-977 administration were dizziness, fatigue, paresthesia, headache, vasodilatation (facial flushing), emotional lability, high feeling, and abnormal thinking. The frequency and intensity of adverse events increased with increasing CI-977 dose. In conclusion, CI-977 Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) increased in proportion to dose over the range of 5 to 25 micrograms; decreases in negative free water clearance were related to CI-977 dose and Cmax and AUC(0-4 hr) values; and the frequency and intensity of adverse events increased with increasing CI-977 dose.
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PMID:Diuretic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a new centrally acting kappa-opioid agonist (CI-977) in humans. 787 6

A 67-year-old man with SIADH complicated by slowly progressing autonomic failure was described. The patient noticed constipation at the age of 57. In the following years, he suffered from urinary incontinence, depletion of sweating, impotence, sleeplessness with snore, and dizziness while walking. Physical examination revealed a masked oily face with slight cerebellar disturbance. Abnormality of autonomic function tests was recognized and he was diagnosed as Shy-Drager syndrome with gradually progressing, diffuse autonomic failure accompanied by slight cerebellar ataxia and Parkinsonism. Both serum sodium level and plasma osmotic pressure were reduced, whereas daily sodium excretion was more than 100mEq and urinary osmolality was about 500mOsm/kgH2O. His renal function was intact, and the adrenocortical and thyroid hormone levels were normal, then criteria of SIADH was fulfilled. SIADH was thought to have occurred on the basis of Shy-Drager syndrome. Water load test showed failure of adequate water diuresis, but intravenous phenytoin administration following the water load test ameliorated the diuresis to normal. The relationship between plasma osmolality and the ADH response indicates that ADH was adequately secreted in response to the increase in plasma osmolality but not suppressed in response to the decrease in plasma osmolality below 280mOsm/kgH2O. These results suggest that ADH synthesis in the hypothalamus and its secretion from the pituitary gland were both intact. The response of ADH secretion to the orthostatic hypotension induced by head-up tilt was quite blunted, being compatible with Shy-Drager Syndrome. Sleep disturbance was studied by polysomnography and laryngoscopy, and was revealed to be based upon severe sleep apnea due to incomplete paralysis of the bilateral vocal cords. Sleep apnea due to vocal cord paralysis is sometimes found to be complicated in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) including Shy-Drager syndrome, and is known as Gerhardt syndrome. This is the first report on a case of Shy-Drager syndrome complicated with SIADH and bilateral vocal cord paralysis. In this case, SIADH is caused by impaired afferent pathways from baroreceptors to the hypothalamus, which transfer inhibitory stimuli on ADH secretion. It is suggested that Shy-Drager syndrome should be considered one of the causes of SIADH.
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PMID:[A case of Shy-Drager syndrome complicated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and incomplete paralysis of bilateral vocal cords]. 795 87

Acute altitude illnesses include acute mountain sickness (AMS), a benign condition involving headache, nausea, vomiting, irritability, insomnia, dizziness, lethargy, and peripheral edema, and potentially lethal high-altitude cerebral edema and pulmonary edema (HAPE). Recent evidence is summarized that AMS is related to cerebral edema secondary at least in part to hypoxic cerebral vasodilation and elevated cerebral capillary hydrostatic pressure. This results in reduced brain compliance with compression of intracranial structures in the absence of altered global brain metabolism. It is postulated that these primary intracranial events elevate peripheral sympathetic activity that acts neurogenically in the lung possibly in concert with pulmonary capillary stress failure to cause HAPE and in the kidney to promote salt and water retention. The adrenergic responses are likely modulated by striking increases of aldosterone, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide. The effects of exercise on altitude-induced illness and various therapeutic regimens (acetazolamide, CO2 breathing, dexamethasone, and alpha adrenergic inhibitors) are discussed in light of this hypothesis.
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PMID:A neurogenic basis for acute altitude illness. 816 37

Residents adjoining a die-casting plant had excessive headaches, numbness of hands and feet, dizziness, blurred vision, staggering, sweating, abnormal heart rhythm, and depression, which led to measurements of neurobehavioral performance, affective status, and the frequency of symptoms. They had all been exposed via well water and proximity to the plant to volatile organic chemicals (VOC) and to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The 117 exposed women and men and 46 unexposed referents were studied together for simple and choice visual reaction time, body sway speed, blink reflex latency, color discrimination, Culture Fair (a nonverbal nonarithmetic intelligence test), recall of stories, figures, and numbers, cognitive and psychomotor control (slotted pegboard and trail making A and B), long-term memory, profile of mood states (POMS), and scores and frequencies of 34 symptoms. Choice reaction time, sway speed, and blink latency were impaired in both sexes of the exposed group and trail making B was impaired in exposed women. The POMS scores and frequencies of 30 of 34 symptoms were elevated in both sexes, compared to referents. Recall, long-term memory, psychomotor speed, and other cognitive function tests were reduced in exposed subjects and in the referents as compared to national referents. Neurophysiological impairment, and cognitive and psychomotor dysfunction and affective disorders, especially depression and excessive frequency of symptoms, were associated with the use of wells contaminated with VOCs, TCE and PCBs.
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PMID:Neurobehavioral testing of subjects exposed residentially to groundwater contaminated from an aluminum die-casting plant and local referents. 834 33


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