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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of a new low-dosage combination oral contraceptive containing .5 mg WY3707 (a progestational substance) plus .05 mg ethinyl estradiol were studied on 30 normal women. Findings based on 25 patients remaining in the study for 5 months indicate a weight gain (64%), a tendency to hypo- and oligomenorrhea (58.3%), headache (52%), dizziness (44%) and nausea (20%) as common side-effects. Blood pressure recordings were below 140/90 and had no major variations. Blood sodium and potassium levels, measured before therapy initiation and 2 and 5 months after use, showed no significant changes. Discussion centers on 20 previous studies relating oral contraceptives to blood electrolytes and pressure and weight and menstrual changes.
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PMID:Effect of a new low-dosage oral contraceptive pill on blood electrolytes. A combined clinical and laboratory evaluation. 576 88

Fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, 22 males and 29 females with a mean age of 51 (range, 28 to 65 years), were studied for more than 12 months in a controlled clinical trial with nitrendipine, a new calcium antagonist agent. No differences in age, severity of hypertension, and other risk factors between the two sexes were detected. Forty-four of 51 patients completed the study, and 38 (86.4%) achieved a normalization of blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 196.0 +/- 12.9 mm Hg (means +/- SD) during placebo to 171.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg (12.6%, p less than 0.001) after 12 months. Mean diastolic blood pressure at the same time decreased from 109.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 88.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (18.8%, p less than 0.001). Heart rate also decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01) after the fifth week. A significant change in weight was not observed throughout the trial. Plasma potassium remained unchanged during the year, and plasma sodium after a transient increase (p less than 0.001) in the fifth week returned very close to basal levels in the sixth month. Side-effects were observed in 17 patients, 5 of whom had to leave the trial, but in the rest they were usually mild and transient. These were mainly frontal and occipital headache, facial flushing, ankle and pretibial oedema, and dizziness. No relationship was detected between side-effects and body weight or plasma sodium disturbances. Preliminary data on a separate group of 27 elderly patients (66-83 years) showed a better and faster effect of nitrendipine given in low doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical experience with long-term nitrendipine treatment in essential hypertension. 608 73

17 subjects with essential hypertension (14 male, 3 female - ages: 40-69 years), 13 of whom continued their previous anti-hypertensive therapy, completed a double-blind cross-over trial of ketanserin 40 mg twice daily versus placebo tablets twice daily - each treatment phase was six weeks in duration. For the group as a whole, blood pressure (BP) was reduced in the ketanserin phase compared with the placebo phase; supine mean BP decrease: 4 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.05); standing mean BP decrease: 7 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Heart rate (HR) was also significantly decreased in the ketanserin phase by 5 +/- 1 beats/minute (p less than 0.001). When individual subgroups were analysed the reductions in BP and HR were greater in subjects already receiving anti-hypertensives, diuretic and/or beta blockers. Changes were observed in 24 hour urine sodium and potassium excretion - sodium (mmol/day): placebo 137 +/- 17, ketanserin 174 +/- 19 (p less than 0.05); potassium (mmol/day): placebo 74 +/- 8, ketanserin 57 +/- 5. For the group as a whole there were no significant adverse effects during the ketanserin phase, although two subjects had a dose reduction of ketanserin because of drowsiness and dizziness. Two additional subjects withdrew from the study due to adverse effects, one in the placebo phase. In conclusion ketanserin in the dose administered has a modest hypotensive effect which is best seen in subjects already receiving other anti-hypertensive agents.
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PMID:The effect of ketanserin on blood pressure and biochemical parameters in treated patients with essential hypertension. 614 14

Beta-blockers are increasingly often used with suicidal intent, but are also sometimes swallowed accidentally by small children. Beta-blockers available in the Federal Republic of Germany differ in their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. After analysing 49 cases of intoxication, no certain relationship was found between the different substances and specific symptoms. Cardiovascular signs such as sinus bradycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension (30 cases), as well as dizziness and drowziness (17) were the most frequent ones. Loss of consciousness and hallucination (13), as well as seizures (3), also occurred frequently. Hypoglycaemia or symptoms due to it (12) were noted especially in young children. In addition to primary removal of the drug, repeated administration of charcoal and sodium sulphate are recommended with most of the drugs for interrupting the enterohepatic circulation. Administration of atropine for bradycardia and hypotension was usually not effective. Dopamine is recommended; glucagon for definite signs of shock. Haemodialysis is indicated only in exceptional instances and is effective for only a few of the drugs. Forced diuresis should not be practised.
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PMID:[Intoxication with beta-receptor blockers (author's transl)]. 617 90

Nineteen patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and low activity of plasma renin in response to a change from recumbency to an upright posture along with furosemide administration were given spironolactone, 400 mg/d, or chlorthalidone, 100mg/d, in a double-blind, random-sequence, crossover trial. The sequence of treatments was placebo for 2 months, one active drug for 2 months, placebo again for 1 month and the other active drug for 2 months. With both active treatments the average systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures decreased significantly. The two agents were equally efficacious in lowering the blood pressure regardless of the severity of hypertension during placebo treatment. Body weight, 24--hour urinary excretion of sodium, the plasma renin activity and the plasma aldosterone level at the end of the initial placebo period did not allow us to predict the response to either drug. Both drugs reduced the body weight and increased the stimulated plasma renin level activity. Chlorthalidone significantly increased the serum uric acid level and significantly reduced the serum potassium level. Three patients experienced orthostatic dizziness during spironolactone therapy, but no adverse symptoms were observed with chlorthalidone therapy. Thus, spironolactone is an effective alternative to thiazide-type drugs in patients with low-renin essential hypertension.
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PMID:Comparison of chlorthalidone and spironolactone in low--renin essential hypertension. 633

In a previous study it has been shown that sodium diphenyl hydantoinate is effective in preventing electrically induced convulsive seizures in cats. The drug is relatively nontoxic and well tolerated by the usual laboratory animals. A clinical trial of sodium diphenyl hydantoinate was made in 200 patients with frequent convulsive seizures which had not been relieved by the previous modes of therapy. In 142 such patients who have received the treatment for periods varying from two to eleven months, grand mal attacks were relieved in 58 per cent and greatly decreased in frequency in an additional 27 per cent; petit mal attacks were relieved in 35 per cent and greatly decreased in frequency in an additional 49 per cent, and psychic equivalent attacks were relieved in 67 per cent and greatly decreased in frequency in 33 per cent. There were no fatalities. A toxic dermatitis occurred in ten patients (5 per cent), nonthrombocytopenic purpura in one patient and minor (in many instances, transient) toxic reactions, tremors, ataxia, dizziness and the like in approximately 15 per cent.
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PMID:Landmark article Sept 17, 1938: Sodium diphenyl hydantoinate in the treatment of convulsive disorders. By H. Houston Merritt and Tracy J. Putnam. 636 36

The effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril as long term treatment was investigated in 14 patients with severe congestive heart failure in a double blind trial. Captopril reduced plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and noradrenaline, with a converse increase in active renin concentration. Effective renal plasma flow increased and renal vascular resistance fell; glomerular filtration rate did not change. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations rose. Both serum and total body potassium contents increased; there were no long term changes in serum concentration or total body content of sodium. Exercise tolerance was appreciably improved, and dyspnoea and fatigue lessened. Left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic dimensions were reduced. There was an appreciable reduction in complex ventricular ectopic rhythms. Adverse effects were few: weight gain and fluid retention were evident in five patients when captopril was introduced and two patients initially experienced mild postural dizziness; rashes in two patients did not recur when the drug was reintroduced at a lower dose; there was a significant reduction in white cell count overall, but the lowest individual white cell count was 4000 X 10(6)/l. Captopril thus seemed to be of considerable value in the long term treatment of severe cardiac failure.
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PMID:Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial. 638 12

The blood pressure response to the first dose of captopril (6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, or 25 mg) was measured in 65 treated, severely hypertensive patients. Mean supine blood pressure was 187/108 mm Hg immediately before captopril was given. Twenty one patients experienced a fall in supine systolic pressure greater than 50 mm Hg, including five whose pressure fell more than 100 mm Hg and two whose pressure fell more than 150 mm Hg. Six patients developed symptoms of acute hypotension, including dizziness, stupor, dysphasia, and hemiparesis. Percentage reductions in blood pressure were greatest in those with secondary hypertension (p less than 0.05), high pretreatment blood pressure (p less than 0.05), and high concentrations of plasma renin and angiotensin II (p less than 0.01). No significant correlation was found between fall in blood pressure and serum sodium concentration, age, renal function, and the dose of captopril given. A severe first dose effect cannot be consistently predicted in individual patients who have received other antihypertensive drugs for severe hypertension. Such patients should have close medical supervision for at least three hours after the first dose of captopril.
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PMID:Factors related to first dose hypotensive effect of captopril: prediction and treatment. 640 3

A 33 year old man with a history of recurrent episodes of orthostatic dizziness since adolescence was noted to have a supine blood pressure of 200/120 mm Hg and a standing blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg. Results of extensive laboratory studies for secondary hypertension were negative. Studies of the autonomic nervous system function revealed normal plasma catecholamines, cold pressor test and response to 4 minute 30% of maximal static handgrip contraction and an appropriate increase in heart rate on intravenous injection of atropine. In contrast, the heart rate response to phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside infusion, carotid massage and graded neck suction with an airtight chamber was very abnormal, indicating marked dysfunction of the afferent limb of the arterial baroreceptor reflex system. Methyldopa decreased the supine hypertension and increased the standing blood pressure.
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PMID:Primary dysfunction of the afferent limb of the arterial baroreceptor reflex system in a patient with severe supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. 648 Oct 19

Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in the menstrual fluid from 12 patients with primary dysmenorrhea were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Each patient was studied for 3 cycles, using vaginal tampons issued for this study. All tampons were collected individually for prostaglandin extraction and RIA. Severity of dysmenorrhea and clinical response to treatment were evaluated by a scoring method and by the patients' self-assessment. Each patient in this double-blind cross-over study had a control cycle and 2 treatment cycles with naproxen sodium tablets (275 mg) or placebo in random order. The treatment regimen was 2 tablets at the first sign of menses followed by one tablet 4 times daily for 3 days. Nine patients obtained good to excellent relief from naproxen sodium, but no relief from the placebo. Two patients had moderate to good response to both naproxen and placebo, and one patient showed no response. Naproxen therapy but not placebo therapy sharply reduced menstrual prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostaglandin E2 release. There was a positive correlation between menstrual prostaglandin levels and the severity of dysmenorrhea. Symptomatically, naproxen sodium was most effective in alleviating severe menstrual cramps but had little effect on mild cramps. It was also effective in ameliorating many but not all of the subjective symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Relief of dysmenorrhea was apparent within one hour after the initial dose, attained maximum level in 2 hours, and was maintained throughout therapy.
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PMID:Effects of naproxen sodium on menstrual prostaglandins and primary dysmenorrhea. 657 74


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