Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

More than 1,700 patients with essential or renal hypertension were treated with nitrendipine; data from 967 of these were included in a data pool, and safety data were evaluated. Treatment duration was between 7 days and 2 years. The most frequent side-effects were headache, flush, oedema, dizziness, and palpitations due to the pharmacodynamic effect of the drug. All other side-effects had an incidence below 2%. Eighty-two of the 967 patients stopped therapy before the end of the trial. In 33 of these patients, this was probably due to the side-effects of nitrendipine. Hematological and clinical chemistry data did not indicate any systemic or organ damage. When nitrendipine was combined with thiazides, a lowering of plasma potassium levels could be found, which, however, did not necessitate any therapy.
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PMID:Safety aspects of long-term nitrendipine therapy. 608 68

Fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, 22 males and 29 females with a mean age of 51 (range, 28 to 65 years), were studied for more than 12 months in a controlled clinical trial with nitrendipine, a new calcium antagonist agent. No differences in age, severity of hypertension, and other risk factors between the two sexes were detected. Forty-four of 51 patients completed the study, and 38 (86.4%) achieved a normalization of blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 196.0 +/- 12.9 mm Hg (means +/- SD) during placebo to 171.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg (12.6%, p less than 0.001) after 12 months. Mean diastolic blood pressure at the same time decreased from 109.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 88.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (18.8%, p less than 0.001). Heart rate also decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01) after the fifth week. A significant change in weight was not observed throughout the trial. Plasma potassium remained unchanged during the year, and plasma sodium after a transient increase (p less than 0.001) in the fifth week returned very close to basal levels in the sixth month. Side-effects were observed in 17 patients, 5 of whom had to leave the trial, but in the rest they were usually mild and transient. These were mainly frontal and occipital headache, facial flushing, ankle and pretibial oedema, and dizziness. No relationship was detected between side-effects and body weight or plasma sodium disturbances. Preliminary data on a separate group of 27 elderly patients (66-83 years) showed a better and faster effect of nitrendipine given in low doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical experience with long-term nitrendipine treatment in essential hypertension. 608 73

17 subjects with essential hypertension (14 male, 3 female - ages: 40-69 years), 13 of whom continued their previous anti-hypertensive therapy, completed a double-blind cross-over trial of ketanserin 40 mg twice daily versus placebo tablets twice daily - each treatment phase was six weeks in duration. For the group as a whole, blood pressure (BP) was reduced in the ketanserin phase compared with the placebo phase; supine mean BP decrease: 4 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.05); standing mean BP decrease: 7 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Heart rate (HR) was also significantly decreased in the ketanserin phase by 5 +/- 1 beats/minute (p less than 0.001). When individual subgroups were analysed the reductions in BP and HR were greater in subjects already receiving anti-hypertensives, diuretic and/or beta blockers. Changes were observed in 24 hour urine sodium and potassium excretion - sodium (mmol/day): placebo 137 +/- 17, ketanserin 174 +/- 19 (p less than 0.05); potassium (mmol/day): placebo 74 +/- 8, ketanserin 57 +/- 5. For the group as a whole there were no significant adverse effects during the ketanserin phase, although two subjects had a dose reduction of ketanserin because of drowsiness and dizziness. Two additional subjects withdrew from the study due to adverse effects, one in the placebo phase. In conclusion ketanserin in the dose administered has a modest hypotensive effect which is best seen in subjects already receiving other anti-hypertensive agents.
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PMID:The effect of ketanserin on blood pressure and biochemical parameters in treated patients with essential hypertension. 614 14

Nineteen patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and low activity of plasma renin in response to a change from recumbency to an upright posture along with furosemide administration were given spironolactone, 400 mg/d, or chlorthalidone, 100mg/d, in a double-blind, random-sequence, crossover trial. The sequence of treatments was placebo for 2 months, one active drug for 2 months, placebo again for 1 month and the other active drug for 2 months. With both active treatments the average systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures decreased significantly. The two agents were equally efficacious in lowering the blood pressure regardless of the severity of hypertension during placebo treatment. Body weight, 24--hour urinary excretion of sodium, the plasma renin activity and the plasma aldosterone level at the end of the initial placebo period did not allow us to predict the response to either drug. Both drugs reduced the body weight and increased the stimulated plasma renin level activity. Chlorthalidone significantly increased the serum uric acid level and significantly reduced the serum potassium level. Three patients experienced orthostatic dizziness during spironolactone therapy, but no adverse symptoms were observed with chlorthalidone therapy. Thus, spironolactone is an effective alternative to thiazide-type drugs in patients with low-renin essential hypertension.
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PMID:Comparison of chlorthalidone and spironolactone in low--renin essential hypertension. 633

This study, carried out in three centers in the United States, investigated the antihypertensive effect of three dosages of indapamide in 87 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The dosages studied were 1 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg daily. A double-blind, parallel study design was used with a six-week placebo run-in period followed by an eight-week treatment period and a two-week follow-up period. Compared with placebo, all dosages caused a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in blood pressure, with an average decrease of approximately 6 mmHg diastolic and 13 mmHg systolic. The antihypertensive effect seemed to be fully manifest after six weeks of treatment. At all dosage levels, indapamide produced markedly greater therapeutic success rates than did the placebo. Success was defined as either a standing phase-5 diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg or a decrease by at least 10 mmHg from baseline. Although the decrease in mean serum potassium concentration was dose-related, the decrease was not clinically significant with any dose. A reduction in serum chloride and increases in serum uric acid and glucose were also observed. These changes were slight and did not cause the discontinuation of treatment for any patient. The most frequently observed side effects were mild to moderately severe dizziness, weakness, and headaches.
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PMID:Multicenter dose-response study of the effect of indapamide in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension. 634 86

The effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril as long term treatment was investigated in 14 patients with severe congestive heart failure in a double blind trial. Captopril reduced plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and noradrenaline, with a converse increase in active renin concentration. Effective renal plasma flow increased and renal vascular resistance fell; glomerular filtration rate did not change. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations rose. Both serum and total body potassium contents increased; there were no long term changes in serum concentration or total body content of sodium. Exercise tolerance was appreciably improved, and dyspnoea and fatigue lessened. Left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic dimensions were reduced. There was an appreciable reduction in complex ventricular ectopic rhythms. Adverse effects were few: weight gain and fluid retention were evident in five patients when captopril was introduced and two patients initially experienced mild postural dizziness; rashes in two patients did not recur when the drug was reintroduced at a lower dose; there was a significant reduction in white cell count overall, but the lowest individual white cell count was 4000 X 10(6)/l. Captopril thus seemed to be of considerable value in the long term treatment of severe cardiac failure.
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PMID:Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial. 638 12

Infections caused by Actinomyces organisms have been demonstrated to occur in association with IUD use. Uterine actinomycosis infection is usually superficial, but it is potentially invasive. It may prove fatal. When Actinomyces is detected in a vaginal Papanicolaou smear, establishment of the correct diagnosis followed by IUD removal and appropriate antibiotic therapy are recommended. A case history is presented of a 28 year old woman who had been using an IUD and who had systemic Actinomyces infection and a brain abscess develop several years after removal of her uterus and fallopian tubes. The woman was referred to the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore in 1977 for evaluation of headaches and grand mal seizures. 4 years earlier, in 1973, she had been seen at another hospital with a recent weight loss of 18 kg. She was found to have a tubo-ovarian abscess, for which she underwent a hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, and unilateral oophorectomy. At the time of surgery, an IUD was in place. A histopathological diagnosis of botryomycosis tubo-ovarian abscess was made on submitted tissues. She received no antibiotic therapy. In 1975, pulmonary infiltrates developed that were attributed to bronchopneumonia. She was treated with a short course of tetracycline hydrochloride. Later that year she was thought to have sarcoidosis and was treated for 1 year with several doses of prednisone. Clinically, her condition remained stable until March 1977, when a pyogenic subcostal abscess was drained. In July 1977, she had headache, dizziness, generalized seizures, and an incomplete right homonymous hemianopsia develop. A craniotomy for excision and drainage of an abscess was performed. The presence of Actinomyces israelii in brain tissue was confirmed by direct immunoflourescence using specific antiserum. It was confirmed that Actinomyces had been present at the time of her 1st surgical procedure. She was treated with high doses of intravenous penicillin G potassium for the first 4 weeks, followed by lower doses of oral penicillin V potassium for an additional 15 months. She recovered completely, except for a persistent right homonymous hemianopsia. The case illustrates that systemic dissemination and potentially life threatening complications of uterine actinomycosis can occur if the infection is unrecognized and/or inadequately treated.
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PMID:Systemic Actinomyces infection. A potential complication of intrauterine contraceptive devices. 712 Jun 9

A tilt-table test was administered to five young men before (test 1) and after (test 2) 8 days of heat acclimation (2-h daily exercise at 50% VO2max at 40 degrees db, 30 degrees C wb) and to five other young men before and after the same exercise at 24 degrees C to determine fluid-electrolyte and endocrine responses in orthostasis in fainters and nonfainters. Half of the 10 subjects showed improved orthostatic reactions from test 1 to test 2 (disappearance of nausea and dizziness and improved heart rate and blood pressure), and the other 5 subjects showed no improvement. The improvement, especially in the nonfainters, was related to increases in posttilt plasma volume (PV) and plasma concentration of potassium. During test 1, plasma renin activity (PRA) increased five times from supine to orthostatis, with a corresponding increase in plasma vasopressin (ADH) of 50 times. The corresponding increases in test 2 were lower by 50 and 75% compared with those occurring in test 1 for PRA and ADH, respectively. PRA was five times higher in nonfainters than in fainters in test 1, whereas ADH showed an opposite trend. The orthostatic-induced increase in ADH seems to be related to volume control independent of PRA. This increase is reduced with improvement in orthostatic reactions, probably because of an increase in PV.
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PMID:Orthostatic fluid-electrolyte and endocrine responses in fainters and nonfainters. 731 73

This report presents data on the safety and tolerability of losartan potassium (losartan), a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II AT-1 receptor, in approximately 2,900 hypertensive patients treated in double-blind clinical trials. In these studies, headache (14.1%), upper respiratory infection (6.5%), dizziness (14.1%), asthenia/fatigue (3.8%), and cough (3.1%) were the clinical adverse experiences most often reported in patients treated with losartan. These adverse experiences were also frequently reported in patients receiving placebo: 17.2%, 5.6%, 2.4%, 3.9%, and 2.6%, respectively. Dry cough as an adverse event was reported in 8.8% of patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and in 3.1% and 2.6% of patients treated with losartan or placebo, respectively. Only dizziness was considered "drug-related" more often in losartan-treated (2.4%) than placebo-treated (1.3%) patients. In controlled clinical trials, losartan was better tolerated than other antihypertensive agents as determined by the incidence of patients reporting any drug-related adverse experiences. Rates of discontinuation due to clinical adverse experiences in patients who received losartan monotherapy or losartan+hydrochlorothiazide were 2.3% and 2.8%, respectively, compared with placebo (3.7%). No laboratory adverse experiences were unexpected or of clinical importance. First-dose hypotension rarely occurred with losartan or with losartan plus hydrochlorothiazide, and withdrawal effects such as rebound hypertension were not observed in clinical trials. There were no clinically important differences in the clinical or laboratory safety profiles in the demographic subgroups for age, gender, or race. In controlled clinical trials, losartan demonstrated an excellent tolerability profile.
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PMID:Safety and tolerability of losartan potassium, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, compared with hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, felodipine ER, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of systemic hypertension. 771 81

Cancer patients selected for cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups (42 patients in each) which received either metoclopramide or ondansetron as antiemetics. Metoclopramide was given i.v. with 5 doses of 2 mg/kg starting 30 min before the cisplatin infusion and continued with one dose every 3 h. Ondansetron was given with a first injection of 8 mg i.v. 30 min before the cisplatin infusion; the patients were given 8 mg orally 5 and 10 h after the cisplatin infusion followed by 8 mg x 3 during the next two days. In the present study ondansetron was superior to metoclopramide concerning antiemetic efficacy and gave also less side-effects as diarrhea, dizziness, extrapyramidal symptoms and electrolyte imbalance (sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorous) during the first 24 h following the cisplatin infusion.
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PMID:Ondansetron versus metoclopramide as antiemetic treatment during cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A prospective study with special regard to regard to electrolyte imbalance. 771 63


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