Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Omeprazole has been marketed in France since 1989, for the healing of peptic ulcers, erosive reflux esophagitis and the Zollinger Ellison syndrome. It is a proton pump inhibitor which inhibits the acid secretion in the stomach. In the majority of the clinical trials, omeprazole has been found to be well tolerated: headache, dizziness, skin rash, constipation have just been noted. Since September 1989, 143 adverse reactions have been reported to pharmacovigilance centres and Astra France: 37 neurological and psychiatric side effects, especially confusion in patients with hepatic diseases and/or advanced age; 35 cutaneous reactions, generally rash and urticaria; 22 hematological effects: leucopenia and agranulocytosis have been reported but the relation with omeprazole is very uncertain; 10 gastrointestinal effects, generally diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain; 8 hepatic disorders, especially moderate elevation of aminotransferases. This study confirms the safety of this drug, during short treatment; the frequency of notified adverse effects is about 1/12 200 treatments of 4 weeks. The ministry of health, has decided, in november 1991, to inform the prescribers of this potential toxicity of omeprazole, particularly, of the risk of confusion, hepatotoxicity and leucopenia.
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PMID:[Evaluation of unexpected and toxic effects of omeprazole (Mopral) reported to the regional centers of pharmacovigilance during the first 22 postmarketing months]. 814 27

The number of drug-facilitated sexual assault incidents has lately been increased all over the world leading law enforcement agencies and hospital doctors to constant alert. The drugs involved may be benzodiazepines, hypnotics, other sedatives, anesthetics, drugs of abuse or ethanol. The detection of these agents in biologic fluids is difficult, since most of them are shortly acting, and provoke victim's amnesia which in turn leads the victim to report the allegation late. An unusual case-study of a 35-year-old, married woman who was admitted to the hospital with dizziness and loss of memory for a period of 10 days is here reported. The toxicological analysis of the victim's blood and urine for unknown sedative drugs, achieved by GC-MS, revealed the presence of zolpidem (Stilnox), a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. Concentration of zolpidem in blood, 11 hours after the last supposedly intake, was 47 microg/L. After family counseling at the hospital, the victim's husband confessed that he was replacing the contents of Losec capsules of his wife, with Stilnox tablets. This unjust act was committed by the husband in order for him to have sex with his wife, since she was not willing to participate in a sexual intercourse due to her religious restraints for a fasting period of 40 days. The aim of this article is 2-fold. First, to emphasize the fact that a sexual assault can take place not only between 2 strangers, but also within a happily married couple. Second, to remind doctors that any case of sexual assault must be examined toxicologically, for a better and thorough investigation.
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PMID:Drug-facilitated sexual assault provoked by the victim's religious beliefs: a case report. 1990 11

The standard treatment for peptic ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori is a combination of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, which renders the bacterium undetectable in about 70% of cases. A fixed-dose combination of bismuth subcitrate potassium + metronidazole + tetracycline has been authorised in some European countries for use in this setting, combined with high-dose omeprazole. In a European trial with 440 patients, the 4-drug combination of omeprazole + bismuth subcitrate + metronidazole + tetracycline was significantly more active than the standard 3-drug regimen in terms of H. pylori eradication, as measured with the urea breath test (79.8% with bismuth, 55.4% without bismuth). In a North American trial with 275 patients the success rate was similar with the two treatments, again based on the urea breath test. There are no comparative trials of the 4-drug regimen in patients in whom standard treatment has failed. The main adverse effects of the 4-drug regimen observed in clinical trials were black stools, nausea, headache and dizziness. However, the trials were too small to detect infrequent but serious adverse effects such as bismuth encephalopathy. Safety during pregnancy is not known. Some patients included in clinical trials had detectable plasma bismuth concentrations. Omeprazole increases the absorption of bismuth subcitrate potassium. In practice, the 4-drug regimen combining omeprazole + bismuth subcitrate potassium + metronidazole + tetracycline is probably more effective than standard 3-drug therapy against H. pylori, at least in Europe, but this combination should be avoided due to uncertainties on the possible neurotoxicity of bismuth. Other antibiotic combinations are preferable, and there are too many questions surrounding the adverse effects of this combination for it to replace the standard 3-drug regimen in France.
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PMID:Bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline. Why risk adding bismuth? 2366 15