Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hundred men from a forest area of Ghana, without vector control or ivermectin distribution, were randomized to receive a single dose of ivermectin (150 micrograms/kg body weight) on day 1 followed by amocarzine (3 mg/kg twice daily after meals) on days 8, 9 and 10 (34 patients), the ivermectin alone (33 patients) or the amocarzine alone (33 patients). Detailed clinical and laboratory examinations were made before, during and after drug administration. On day 120, all palpable nodules were excised, fixed, sectioned, stained and examined by two blinded observers and the results compared with those for nodules from untreated controls. Mazzotti-type reactions, such as itching, rash, peripheral sensory phenomena and swellings, were more severe or frequent with amocarzine than ivermectin. Pretreatment with ivermectin markedly suppressed these reactions to amocarzine but did not affect other manifestations such as dizziness and gaze-evoked nystagmus. Ocular effects were minor in all groups. Ivermectin produced minor macrofilaricidal effects on the adult male worms, marked degeneration of intra-uterine embryos, and potent microfilaricidal effects and suppressed skin microfilariae. Amocarzine did not affect the male worms or the intra-uterine embryos, was a less potent microfilaricide and did not suppress skin microfilariae. The efficacy of ivermectin plus amocarzine was similar to that of ivermectin alone. The present results do not support the findings from the Americas and show that amocarzine has no role in the treatment of onchocerciasis in Africa.
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PMID:The safety and efficacy of amocarzine in African onchocerciasis and the influence of ivermectin on the clinical and parasitological response to treatment. 922 21

In Sierra Leone, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 5, 6-monthly doses of ivermectin was conducted in 6 communities with hyperendemic onchocerciasis to determine compliance rates of ivermectin. The researchers had earlier found a significantly higher compliance rate with ivermectin than placebo (64% vs. 57% at 3rd treatment round). They then analyzed data from the 589 persons receiving ivermectin to identify determinants of increased and decreased subsequent compliance to ivermectin treatment. They also administered a questionnaire in a double-blind fashion to 1847 people attending the 4th treatment round in communities mesoendemic for onchocerciasis in Kaduna State in Nigeria. They aimed to focus on subjective responses to ivermectin treatment (e.g., itching). In Sierra Leone, the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between complete compliance with ivermectin and leopard skin depigmentation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56; p = 0.04), the severity of side effects of treatment (OR = 1.68, p = 0.001), fulfilling the exclusion criteria for treatment (OR = 2.26; p = 0.01), and long-term residence in the community (12 years) (OR = 0.54; p = 0.003). In Nigeria, none of the subjective responses to ivermectin treatment (which revolved around eye pain, body pains, itching, dizziness, chronic bad vision, and severity) clearly improved after 3 years of treatment. The ivermectin group tended to have the same non-specific positive comments about treatment (e.g., made healthy) as the placebo group. Negative comments, which usually related to adverse reactions, were more common in the ivermectin group. Ivermectin did not have consistent effects on visual acuity, height, weight, or hematocrit when compared with the placebo. The findings from Sierra Leone but not those in Nigeria can be used to develop health promotion messages. Those from Nigeria suggest that it would be difficult to maintain the high compliance rates needed for long periods if mass dosing programs are to have a long-term impact on onchocerciasis.
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PMID:Maintaining compliance to ivermectin in communities in two West African countries. 1016 Mar 75

Comparative treatment of ivermectin in 21 patients (Group 1) and albendazole in 49 patients (Group 2) of gnathostomiasis gave the cure at 95.2% and 93.8% respectively. The ELISA OD and eosinophil counts were reduction after treatment. Side effects in ivermectin were hypotention, dizziness, weakness and diuresis; and side effects of albendazole were nausia, dizziness and increased alkaline phosphatase in two cases. Ivermectin should be an effective drug againts gnathostomiasis and more convenient in treatment single dose.
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PMID:Comparison of ivermectin and albendazole treatment for gnathostomiasis. 1112 42

Treatment of strongyloidiasis has been traditionally based on thiabendazole, despite its frequent gastrointestinal side effects and failure to achieve eradication of the parasite from faeces in approximately 30% of cases. Ivermectin has been shown to be more effective for treating chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis. The efficacy and tolerability of these drugs in a series of patients treated from 1999 to 2002 at the Oliva Health Centre, Valencia, Spain, are reported. A total of 88 patients diagnosed of strongyloidiasis were treated using the following regimens: thiabendazole 25 mg/kg/12 h for 3 consecutive days in 31 patients; ivermectin 200 mug/kg as a single dose in 22 patients; and ivermectin 200 mug/kg for 2 consecutive days in 35 patients. The efficacy and side effects were recorded. A total of 65 patients were male, and 23 female. The mean age was 64 +/- 12 years. Of the patients, 44 had worked barefoot in rice fields. Among the 31 patients treated with thiabendazole, 25 (78%) met the criteria for cure (the absence of parasite in faeces after examination of three samples collected on alternate days), and 5 (16%) experienced side effects (asthenia, epigastralgia and disorientation). Of the 22 patients treated with ivermectin on a single day, 17 (77%) met the criteria for cure, and 2 (9%) reported side effects (dizziness, dyspepsia). Among the 35 patients treated with ivermectin on 2 consecutive days, 100% met the criteria for cure, and 0% experienced side effects. In chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis, a treatment regimen consisting of ivermectin 200 mug/kg for 2 consecutive days provided the best results with regard to efficacy and tolerability. When the eosinophilia continued after treatment, we observed a high percentage of not-cure rate (7 of 9 patients, 77%).
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of ivermectin and thiabendazole in the treatment of strongyloidiasis. 1557 78

At present, no universally-accepted effective treatment for cutaneous gnathostomiasis is available. At the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, albendazole 400 mg twice a day for 14 days is commonly prescribed for patients diagnosed with cutaneous gnathostomiasis. The efficacy of albendazole to induce outward migration of the parasite was less than or around 20% in 2 studies. Research for alternative, more efficacious treatment, is needed. In this prospective open-labeled study, we assessed the safety of ivermectin in 20 Thai patients diagnosed with cutaneous gnathostomiasis. Ivermectin, one time only, at dosages of 50, 100, 150, or 200 microg/kg bodyweight, was given orally to 4 groups of patients, 5 patients each group. Adverse events were recorded and laboratory tests were obtained before and after treatment. No serious adverse events occurred in this study. Forty adverse events were possibly related to ivermectin. The adverse events were malaise (35%), myalgia (30%), drowsiness (30%), pruritus (20%), nausea/vomiting (20%), dizziness (15%), diarrhea (15%), feeling of shortness of breath (10%), feeling of palpitations (10%), constipation (5%), anorexia (5%), and headache (5%). These adverse events were self-limited and not dose-related. Laboratory abnormalities were found in 3 patients (15%). Transient microscopic hematuria, pyuria, and mildly elevated liver enzymes were found in 1 patient each. Ivermectin single dose, of 50,100, 150, and 200 microg/kg bodyweight, is considered safe in Thai patients. Future trials of ivermectin on human gnathostomiasis may be performed using dosages up to 200 microg/kg bodyweight.
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PMID:Tolerability of ivermectin in gnathostomiasis. 1612 31