Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cutaneous test has been applied in examination of the flushing response to ethanol and acetaldehyde in 402 Chinese of Han ethnicity. Using this noninvasive method, five response subtypes have been observed: (A) fast flushing to both ethanol and acetaldehyde; (B) fast flushing only to ethanol but not to acetaldehyde; (C) slow flushing to ethanol only; (D) no response either to ethanol or to acetaldehyde; (E) vasoconstriction to ethanol, or to both ethanol and acetaldehyde. A total of 94% in subtype (A) are reported to be flushers, while only 25% was reported in subtype (D). Other physiological responses, such as tachycardia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and nausea are less frequent after alcohol ingestion. The recent history of consumption of alcohol of the subjects in different subtypes was also obtained. Although alcohol-induced flushing is thought to be a deterrent factor to heavy consumption of alcohol, the frequency of drinking of alcoholic beverages was not found to be different between flushers and nonflushers.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990 Dec
PMID:Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde: subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese. 208 31

The effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in alcoholics was investigated in a randomised double-blind study. Patients with withdrawal symptoms were treated either with GHB (orally in a syrup preparation) (11 patients) or with the syrup alone (12). GHB treatment (50 mg/kg) led to a prompt reduction in withdrawal symptoms, such as tremors, sweating, nausea, depression, anxiety, and restlessness. The only side-effect was dizziness. GHB may be useful in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in man.
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PMID:Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 257 Oct 21

The so-called Oriental flushing reaction associated with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by combined antihistamine administration. In stage one of the study, the flushing reaction to low doses of alcohol was produced in Orientals. Most subjects experienced a cutaneous flush, increase in skin temperature, decrease in blood pressure, increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness and nausea. One half of the group of subjects was then given diphenhydramine, 50 mg (H1 receptor antagonist) and cimetidine, 300 mg (H2 receptor antagonist) and the second half received placebo tablets before the administration of alcohol. The clearest difference between the antihistamine group and placebo group was in the skin flushing reaction. The antihistamine group showed a statistically significant reduction in the skin flush. The antihistamines also neutralized the systolic hypotension induced by the administration of alcohol.
Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 1987
PMID:Combined antihistamine antagonism of the flushing reaction to alcohol. 289 99

4-Methylpyrazole (4-MP), an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, is a possible future drug for the treatment of methanol and ethylene glycol intoxications and the severe ethanol-disulfiram reaction. Therefore a placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-dose, randomized, sequential, ascending-dose "Phase I study" was performed in healthy volunteers in order to determine the tolerance of 4-MP at dose levels of 10 (n = 4), 20 (n = 4), 50 (n = 4), and 100 mg/kg (n = 3). Along with each dose group, there were two placebos except with the 100 mg/kg group where there was only one placebo. In the 10 and 20 mg/kg group there were no side-effects in any subject. At the 50 mg/kg level, three out of four subjects experienced slight to moderate nausea and dizziness from 0 to 2.5 h after dosing. In the 100 mg/kg group all three subjects reported side-effects like nausea, dizziness, and vertigo, that were short-lived in two subjects, but lasted up to 30 h in one subject. The study was stopped after evaluation of the latter subject, so fewer subjects were completed in this last group. Despite these subjective side-effects, there were no significant changes in objective clinical parameters like pulse, blood pressure, body temperature, or blood and urine chemistries. We conclude that at a single dose of 4-MP (10-20 mg/kg) producing plasma levels within a probable therapeutic range, no side-effects were attributed to 4-MP.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1988 Aug
PMID:4-Methylpyrazole: a controlled study of safety in healthy human subjects after single, ascending doses. 305 73

The so-called Oriental flushing reaction associated with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by combined antihistamine administration. In stage one of the study, the flushing reaction to low doses of alcohol was produced in Orientals. Most subjects experienced a cutaneous flush, an increase in skin temperature, a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness and nausea. Before the administration of alcohol, one-half of the subjects were given 50 mg of diphenhydramine (H1 receptor antagonist) and 300 mg of cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonist). The second half received placebo tablets. The clearest difference between the antihistamine group and placebo group was in the skin flushing reaction. The antihistamine group showed a significant reduction in the skin flush. The antihistamine also neutralized the systolic hypotension induced by the administration of alcohol. The possible importance of histamine in the expression of sensitivity to alcohol is considered. The relevance to genetic susceptibility for development of alcoholism is discussed.
J Stud Alcohol 1988 Jan
PMID:Antihistamine blockade of alcohol-induced flushing in orientals. 334 71

Family history of alcoholism influences the acute effects of ethanol in young men. We expanded these findings by concomitantly measuring plasma ethanol levels (BALs), subjective intoxication effects, and task performance in young women. Healthy subjects with no familial alcoholism provided informed consent and received 0.75 ml/kg ethanol or isocaloric placebo (n = 10 per group) under randomized double-blind conditions. Assessments were made at 90, 60 and 30 min before, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after beverage administration. BALs reached 80 mg/dl 45-60 min following ethanol. Dizziness and clumsiness ratings correlated strongly with BAL, but clumsiness and confusion were the strongest effects associated with placebo. Impaired visual selectivity and hand-eye coordination covaried with BAL (p less than 0.05) on written tests. Deficits in abstract instruction and symbol comprehension almost attained statistical significance (p less than 0.06). Compared with previous findings for males, data from the present report suggest that ethanol may have gender-related effects.
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PMID:Blood ethanol levels, self-rated ethanol effects and cognitive-perceptual tasks. 336 44

The Oriental flushing reaction is an adverse response to alcohol that appears to be genetically determined. In this study, the Oriental flushing reaction that was produced with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by antihistamine administration. A group of 17 subjects was tested. Each subject received placebo, diphenhydramine 50 mg (H-1 receptor antagonist), and cimetidine 300 mg (H-2 receptor antagonist) singularly and in combination. Alcohol was then administered orally. Most subjects given placebo experienced the typical flushing reaction that included a cutaneous flush, increase in skin temperature, decrease in blood pressure, increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness, and nausea. The flush, temperature and systolic hypotension were significantly blocked by the combined antihistamine administration. Cimetidine given alone blocked the flush, temperature increase, and systolic hypotension significantly more than diphenhydramine but less than the combined antihistamines. Diphenhydramine was similar to placebo in its effect on the flushing reaction. The role of histamine in the expression of tolerance to alcohol is not known. Antihistamine antagonism of the adverse flushing reaction suggests that histamine receptors may participate in the intolerance to ethanol in Orientals. Histamine may be an important protective factor in the low prevalence of alcoholism in Orientals.
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PMID:Histamine receptor antagonism of intolerance to alcohol in the Oriental population. 368 Dec 77

The influence on the kinetics of toluene from long-term occupational exposure, cigarette smoking, and ethanol consumption was studied in 26 male spray painters. A group of spray painters with reported subjective symptoms such as concentration deficits, fatigue, and dizziness due to the solvent exposure did not differ in the uptake and disposition of toluene from a group of spray painters with no symptoms. In occupationally exposed workers, a tendency for an enhanced clearance of toluene from the blood was observed in relation to personal habits such as smoking and/or moderate chronic ethanol intake. Long-term occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents does not exert any effect on the metabolic rate of toluene as compared with that of an unexposed group.
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PMID:Toxicokinetics of toluene in occupationally exposed volunteers. 382 7

Twelve healthy male volunteers were treated (double-blind crossover design) with tofisopam (a new 3,4-benzodiazepine), diazepam, or placebo, on 2 consecutive days each. Psychomotor skills were impaired after a single dose of diazepam (10 mg) given on day 1. Measurements on day 2 showed that some tolerance had developed to the diazepam-induced impairment of reactive and coordinative skills, but not to its effects on flicker fusion or on the extraocular muscle balance. Tofisopam failed to impair performance both as a single dose (100 mg) and after repeated doses (100 + 50 + 50 + 100 mg). The subjects felt more fatigue, dizziness, calmness, and passiveness after diazepam than after tofisopam. When either drug was given together with 0.8 g/kg ethanol on day 2, the breath ethanol concentrations were 0.7--1.0 mg/ml and all psychomotor skills were impaired. Diazepam + ethanol particularly impaired memory and learning as well. After this combination the subjects were classified (time anticipation test) as 'disqualified drivers' more often than after placebo. It is concluded that diazepam, as well as either benzodiazepine with ethanol, may reduce the ability to drive vehicles or operate machinery.
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PMID:Tofisopam, a novel 3,4-benzodiazepine: multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and memory. Comparison with diazepam and interactions with ethanol. 610 45

Oral amantadine 100 mg and bromocriptine 2.5 + 2.5 mg, alone and in combination with ethanol (1 g/kg), were investigated in two placebo-controlled, double-blind and cross-over trials. In the first trial the psychomotor effects of amantadine and bromocriptine were compared to those of placebo, and in the second trial ethanol was added to the treatment. Bromocriptine lowered serum prolactin levels, thus confirming its absorption. Amantadine and bromocriptine alone had no psychomotor effects but unpleasant sensations, nausea and dizziness were reported after bromocriptine. Ethanol impaired performance in terms of impaired coordinative and reactive skills, lowered tapping speed, prolonged critical flicker interval and reduced gaze nystagmus angle (P less than 0.05 to 0.001; two-way ANOVA). Subjectively, ethanol induced mental slowness, clumsiness and impairment of performance (P less than 0.05 to 0.001). Amantadine and bromocriptine failed to counteract any of these ethanol-induced changes. It is concluded that in man, an acute dopaminergic activation by amantadine or bromocriptine does not significantly modify the psychomotor effects of ethanol.
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PMID:Failure of amantadine and bromocriptine to counteract alcoholic inebriation in man. 650 9


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