Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Varying reactions of the vegetative nerve system to various point combinations (for example: vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, urge to urinate, fatigue or drowsiness, headache), especially to the needling of Tai Chong (Li 3), induced us to perform biochemical studies before and after acupuncture treatment. A group of children and a group of adults were studied. The material studied was urine and blood; from the children, urine only. The following were determined in the urine: indolacetic acid, 5-hydroxy-indol-3-acetic acid, homovanillic acid, and vanillic-mandelic acid; in the blood, tyrosine and tryptophan (free and bound). Individual points with wide influence (He Gu = LI 4; Zu San Li = St 36; Tai Chong = Li 3) and their combination with generally effective points were tested. The needling of Tai Chong especially showed a clear increase in indolamine metabolism. Isolated increases in metabolites of catecholamine metabolism could be correlated with the patient's increased physical activity after acupuncture. Noteworthy is the observation that no significant chemical reactions were evident if local reactions to the needling no longer appeared at the end of a series of acupuncture treatments.
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PMID:Manipulation of neurotransmitters by acupuncture (?) (A preliminary communication). 23 99

Amino acid levels in plasma were measured by amino acid autoanalyser in 130 convulsive children. The levels of taurine, serine and tryptophan were significantly lower in convulsive children as compared to normal control; in contrast, isoleucine, homocystine, GABA, histidine, arginine and ammonia were higher. The children with paroxysmal disorders (headache, dizziness and abdominal epilepsy) had the highest levels of isoleucine, histidine and arginine and the lowest levels of glutamate and cystein. Clinical seizure activity within 6 months prior to the test seemed to have no obvious effect on the plasma amino acid pattern, except for the levels of glycine and arginine tended to return to normal, and the level of GABA was significantly increased in patients with the seizure being controlled. The patients treated with carbamazepin as a single anticonvulsant had the highest GABA level compared to those with other anticonvulsants. Hyperglycinemia and hyperammonaemia were also noted in patients who took valproic acid. The levels of serine, isoleucine and phenylalanine in the CSF within 6 hours after convulsion were significantly lower than the normal control; while asparagine, tyrosine, lysine and arginine were significantly higher. The concentration of ammonia in the CSF was also elevated after convulsion as compared to the normal control. Amino acids play an important role in the generation of epilepsy and recently there has been an increasing number of studies to help determine their effects during an epileptic attack. However, there still is much debate and controversy on this topic. Therefore, further studies are needed and researchers should carefully consider factors that might affect the accurate assessment of the results.
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PMID:Alteration of amino acid in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of children with seizure disorders. 851 Jan 96

The family of VEGF receptors are important mediators of angiogenesis, which is essential for tumour growth and metastasis. PTK/ZK is a multiple VEGF receptor inhibitor that blocks the activity of all known VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases. This phase I/II trial evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of PTK/ZK in patients with liver metastases from solid tumours. Patients were administered oral PTK/ZK monotherapy once daily at doses of 300-1200 mg/day in 28-day cycles until unacceptable toxicity or tumour progression occurred. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled and treatment with PTK/ZK was generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse events were fatigue, nausea, dizziness, and vomiting (mostly National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 1 or 2). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of PTK/ZK increased between 300 and 1000 mg/day with no further increase from 1000 to 1200 mg/day; the AUC decreased by 50% between day 1 and day 15. The DCE-MRI showed a statistically significant early reduction of tumour blood supply (measured as Ki) at day 2 at doses > or = 750 mg/day. Disease progression was significantly correlated with percent change from baseline Ki. Thirteen patients had stable disease for at least two cycles (56 days). Median overall survival was 11.8 months (95% CI = 6.6, 17.1 months). Long-term therapy with PTK/ZK demonstrated predictable pharmacokinetics, was safe and feasible in patients with metastatic disease, and showed promising clinical activity. The minimum biologically active dose was established at 750 mg/day whereas the recommended dose for phase III studies is 1200 mg/day.
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PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of PTK/ZK, a multiple VEGF receptor inhibitor, in patients with liver metastases from solid tumours. 1593 65

PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK) is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR-1/Flt-1, VEGFR-2/KDR, VEGFR-3/Flt-4, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and the c-kit protein tyrosine kinase. The objective of this Phase I study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, biologic activity and pharmacologic profile of PTK/ZK administered orally, twice daily, on a continuous dosing schedule in patients with primary refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), secondary AML, poor-prognosis de novo AML or advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Acute myeloid leukemia patients for whom PTK/ZK monotherapy was ineffective could receive PTK/ZK combined with standard induction chemotherapy. Sixty-three patients received PTK/ZK at doses of 500-1000 mg orally b.i.d. Safety and pharmacokinetic data were collected. Responses were evaluated according to standard bone marrow and peripheral blood criteria. At 1000 mg b.i.d., dose-limiting toxicities of lethargy, hypertension, nausea, emesis and anorexia were observed. Other adverse events related to PTK/ZK were dizziness, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea and pruritus; these were generally mild and reversible. Pharmacokinetic data showed that steady state was reached by day 14, there was no accumulation with repeat dosing and there was no significant increase in exposure at steady state beyond the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Complete remission was observed in five of 17 AML patients treated with PTK/ZK combined with chemotherapy. In conclusion, the MTD of PTK/ZK is 750 mg orally b.i.d. The drug is generally well tolerated and can be given in combination with chemotherapy for patients with MDS and AML.
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PMID:Phase 1 study of PTK787/ZK 222584, a small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. 1661 23

Over 2 million people suffer from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) each year. Predicting symptoms of mTBI and the characterization of those symptoms has been challenging. Biomarkers that correlate clinical symptoms to disease outcome are desired to improve understanding of the disease and optimize patient care. BMX, a member of the TEC family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, is upregulated after traumatic neural injury in a rat model of mTBI. The objective of this investigation was to determine if BMX serum concentrations can effectively be used to predict outcomes after mTBI in a clinical setting. A total of 63 patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] between13-15) were included. Blood samples taken at the time of hospital admission were analyzed for BMX. Data collected included demographic and clinical variables. Outcomes were assessed using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire at baseline and 6 weeks post-injury. The participant was asssigned to 'case group' if the subject's complaints of dizziness became worse at 6th week assessment; otherwise, the participant was assigned to 'control group '. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to explore BMX level. Significant associations were found between serum levels of BMX and dizziness. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for prediction of change in DHI post-injury were 0.76 for total score, 0.69 for physical score, 0.65 for emotional score and 0.66 for functional score. Specificities were between 0.69 and 0.77 for total score and emotional score, respectively. Therefore, BMX demonstrates potential as a candidate serum biomarker of exacerbating dizziness after mTBI.
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PMID:Worsening of dizziness impairment is associated with BMX level in patients after mild traumatic brain injury. 2574 75

Soy sauce contains a series of biogenic amines (BAs) which is a kind of bioactive organics relating to food quality and safety. High concentration of BAs may lead to remarkable physiological and toxicological influences on human bodies, including hypotension, dizziness, and headaches. Here, we systematically compared the levels of ten main BAs among 53 Chinese commercial soy sauces using an improved high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The results showed that the brands and production regions were both important factors accounting for the BAs' content. The contents of Cad, Spm, Try, Phe, His, and Tyr in dark soy sauces were higher than those in light soy sauces. His and Phe in dark soy sauces were 3.7 and 1.84 times higher than in light samples, respectively. Besides, it was surprising that the content of BAs in soy sauces hugely varied from place to place. This work comprehensively compared the content of BAs in soy sauces, showing the relation between soy sauce processes and BAs, offering abundant information for further research on BAs control.
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PMID:Comparison of Biogenic Amines in Chinese Commercial Soy Sauces. 3099 15