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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Schwannomas of the facial nerve in the cerebellopontine angle are unusual. The authors describe a 43-year-old woman with progressive hearing loss and dizziness who had a small schwannoma of the facial nerve in the cerebellopontine angle without extension into the internal auditory canal. The tumor was completely removed with preservation of facial nerve function. The diagnosis and management of facial nerve schwannomas are discussed.
Surg Neurol 1989 Sep
PMID:Schwannoma of the facial nerve in the cerebellopontine angle presenting with hearing loss. 278 30

Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) improves the clinical and hemodynamic state of patients with heart failure, but may cause dizziness and syncope. To characterize patients in whom cardiac output falls with high-dose nitrate therapy and to examine further the pathophysiology of the fall in cardiac output in these patients, we studies the effect of sublingual ISDN on forward cardiac output in 14 patients with severe cardiac failure (New York Heart Association grades 3-4). We examined systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function from pressure and volume analyses of LV function. After administration of 15 mg ISDN, cardiac output was either unaltered or increased in 7 patients (Group 1) (11 +/- 12%, mean +/- SD), and decreased in 7 (Group 2) (-13 +/- 10%) (Group 1 vs. 2, p less than 0.002). Initial systemic arterial pressure, LV ejection fraction, wedge and LV transmural filling pressures were similar in both groups, but Group 2 patients had a lower systemic vascular resistance (p = 0.07) and tended to have a larger initial LV end-diastolic volume and increased end-diastolic compliance; following ISDN the decrease in LV filling pressure and end-diastolic volume was larger and the product of the changes greater (p less than 0.02). Thus ISDN decreases filling pressure and improves forward cardiac output in some patients with congestive heart failure, but large doses may decrease cardiac output in a subset of patients who have a lower systemic vascular resistance and a larger more compliant ventricle, maintaining forward blood flow predominantly by a preload reserve mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clin Cardiol 1989 Sep
PMID:Effect of isosorbide dinitrate on cardiac output in severe cardiac failure: relation to initial hemodynamics, ventricular volume, and the preload reserve mechanism. 279 73

A double-blind, placebo controlled study with 10 mg per day dihydroergotamine in patients with orthostatic hypotension induced by treatment with psychotropic drugs showed a significant effect in preventing immediate drop in blood pressure after standing up. Preventing an abrupt drop in blood pressure with change of posture hinders symptoms of dizziness and faintness and helps activating patients who otherwise prefer to stay in bed.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1986 Sep
PMID:Dihydroergotamine therapy in orthostatic hypotension due to psychotropic drugs. 287 53

The side-effect profile of labetalol was assessed in 34 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension who had previously experienced side effects during beta-blocker therapy. The most frequently reported beta-blocker side effects were fatigue, impotence, cold extremities, and depression. After discontinuing their previous beta-blocker for 4 weeks, labetalol was titrated (100-400 mg b.i.d.) to achieve blood pressure control. Twenty-seven of 34 patients did not have a recurrence of a beta-blocker related side effect while receiving labetalol. The most common new side effect with labetalol was dizziness (3 patients). As judged by the attending physician and the patient, labetalol was better tolerated than conventional beta-blocker therapy in 30 of 34 patients (88%). Twenty-four of 34 patients (71%) preferred labetalol over previous therapy. Labetalol controlled blood pressure in 30 of 34 patients (88%). At equal antihypertensive doses, some side effects common to beta-blockers are seen less frequently with labetalol.
J Clin Hypertens 1986 Sep
PMID:Comparative tolerability of labetalol versus propranolol, atenolol, pindolol, metoprolol, and nadolol. 287 65

Vertigo or dizziness and nausea are the subjective symptoms characteristic of vertiginous syndromes; nystagmus and oscillations of the head and body are the objective signs. Craniocorpography is a method for recording and measuring these oscillations rapidly and inexpensively. It provides easier diagnosis, follow up and measurement of a double-blind therapeutic effectiveness. In the trial author has demonstrated the beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract in vertiginous syndromes without obvious anatomical localisation.
Presse Med 1986 Sep 25
PMID:[Diagnostic and practical value of craniocorpography in vertiginous syndromes]. 294 1

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of ipratropium bromide are reviewed. Ipratropium bromide, a synthetic quaternary isopropyl derivative of atropine, interrupts vagally mediated bronchoconstriction by inhibiting the cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate system at parasympathetic nerve endings. Ipratropium bromide is poorly absorbed after oral and inhaled administration but diffuses rapidly into tissue after i.v. or i.m. administration. The elimination half-life is 3.2-3.8 hours. After inhalation, the drug is eliminated in the urine and feces. The bronchodilatory effect of ipratropium bromide in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appears to be comparable, and may be superior, to that of the beta-sympathomimetic agents. In acute exacerbations, ipratropium bromide is useful but may not be the preferred agent because of a delayed onset of action (within 15 minutes; mean dose-dependent duration of effect, three to five hours). Combination therapy with other bronchodilating drugs has proved useful. Ipratropium bromide may be a useful adjunctive agent in the treatment of asthma. Since the onset of action is delayed, ipratropium bromide should not be used as single-drug therapy in an acute asthmatic exacerbation. Reported adverse effects, including cough, nausea, palpitations, dry mouth, nervousness, gastrointestinal distress, and dizziness, have been mild. The usual dosage is two inhalations (36 micrograms) four times daily, and the maximum number of doses per day should not exceed 12. Although ipratropium bromide is currently indicated only for maintenance therapy in stable chronic bronchitis and emphysema, it may be useful as adjunctive therapy in asthma and in the management of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and asthma. Additional experience in a variety of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders will help to clarify the role of ipratropium bromide in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease.
Clin Pharm 1988 Sep
PMID:Use of ipratropium bromide in obstructive lung disease. 297 9

Neurological examination of 28 patients, 4 years after serious poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated cooking oil, are compared with similar examinations of the same patients two years earlier (in 1980). Clinical peripheral sensory neuropathy was found in 54%, headache in 36% and dizziness in 46% of the patients; these findings did not differ (p greater than 0.1) from those in 1980. Although the mean blood polychlorinated biphenyl concentration (19.2 ppb) in the patients was lower (p less than 0.001) than that in 1980 (35.9 ppb), it was still higher than the normal value (less than 4 ppb). There was no difference in the blood polychlorinated biphenyl concentration of patients with neurological manifestation from those without. Although the mean motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) were still slower (p less than 0.06) than the mean normal NCV, the mean MNCV of tibial nerve and SNCV of sural nerve were improved (p less than 0.06) as compared with those in 1980. EEGs were normal except in two cases showing nonspecific slow wave changes. In addition, evoked potentials (somatosensory, visual and brain-stem auditory) were measured in this study and found to be normal in all 12 cases examined.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985 Sep
PMID:A clinical and electrophysiological study of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning. 299 92

Twenty women with the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of naltrexone, an oral opiate antagonist. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that inhibition of opiate withdrawal would aid in the treatment of PMS. The subjects received either placebo or naltrexone from days 9-18 of the cycle for three consecutive cycles. The mean scores of the three day-25 Menstrual Distress Questionnaires of 16 patients on naltrexone were compared with the mean scores of the same patients on placebo. Scores were at least ten points lower on naltrexone in 11 patients and at least ten points higher on naltrexone in two patients. Score changes of less than ten points were noted in the other three patients. The mean scores dropped 28 points on naltrexone (P = .016). The general acceptability of naltrexone was good, with side effects including nausea, decreased appetite, and dizziness. These results suggest that naltrexone alleviates many PMS symptoms and may be an effective treatment for this syndrome.
Obstet Gynecol 1988 Sep
PMID:Clinical trial of naltrexone in premenstrual syndrome. 304 89

In a study of GTN absorption during exercise and high ambient temperature, 12 healthy volunteers carried 10 mg glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, nitroglycerin) transdermal patches for 6 hours during each of 3 days. During a control day the mean plasma GTN concentration ranged from 1.0 nmol/L (SD +/- 0.8 nmol/L) to 1.5 nmol/L (SD +/- 1.0 nmol/L), whereas during a bicycle ergometer day mean GTN concentration was increased to 3.1 nmol/L (SD +/- 1.7 nmol/L, p less than 0.001). During a sauna day volunteers stayed for 20 minutes in a sauna, and mean GTN concentration in plasma rose to 7.3 nmol/L (SD +/- 1.7 nmol/L, p less than 0.001). Systolic blood pressure increased during exercise (p less than 0.01) but decreased significantly in the sauna (p less than 0.01). Headache was noted frequently (9 of 12 subjects) and dizziness by a few (3 of 12). The demonstrated increased transdermal absorption in our study may infer an increased effect during workload. Whereas the increase in transdermally absorbed GTN may be beneficial to the exercising angina patient, increased effects of GTN may be undesirable in hot surroundings. A study on angina patients is justified to assess whether this phenomenon bears clinical relevance.
Am Heart J 1986 Sep
PMID:Increased uptake of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate during physical exercise and during high ambient temperature. 309 10

The contraceptive efficacy and side effects of postcoital levonorgestrel used repeatedly during the peri-ovulatory period of one cycle was examined in 259 women. All subjects were of proven fertility in their present union and had ovulatory cycles as assessed from pre-treatment BBT charts. The mean number of coital acts during the treatment cycle was 7.5 (SD:2.6) and the mean number of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel tablets taken during the peri-ovulatory period was 4.0 (SD:1.2). Two pregnancies, both considered to be method failures, occurred, giving a failure rate of 0.8% per treated cycle. Although the overall effect of levonorgestrel on menstrual cycle length was small and insignificant, menstrual cycle disturbances were not uncommon. Intermenstrual bleeding or spotting occurred in 8.5% of the treated cycles and 12.5% of the cycles were less than 20 or more than 35 days. Other side effects, mainly nausea, headache and dizziness, were reported by about 20% of the subjects but the apparent incidence of these complaints varied markedly between the nine participating centres from 0% to just over 50%. The data suggest that repeated postcoital use of levonorgestrel is probably not a viable approach to fertility regulation for the majority of women who have regular intercourse and wish to limit the number of their pregnancies.
Contraception 1987 Sep
PMID:Postcoital contraception with levonorgestrel during the peri-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods for Fertility Regulation. 311 86


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