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 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study comparing 2 triphasic hormonal contraceptive preparations (combinations of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) is reported. SH B 264 AB was used by 594 women for 6628 cycles with no pregnancies, while 634 women used SH B 261 AB for 6025 cycles with 1 pregnancy. A lower incidence of breakthrough bleeding and spotting was observed among SH B 264 AB users, and this preparation ("Triquilon") is preferred to the other. Triquilon users had a menstrual cycle length of 26-30 days and an amenorrhea rate of .4%. There was a low rate of breakthrough bleedings and spottings, which was higher when patients forgot to take their pills. In the vast majority of Triquilar users, body weight and blood pressure remained constant. Subjective side effects (e.g. nausea, dizziness, headache) were infrequent and decreased as the length of Triquilar use increased. A separate study of 1440 cycles of Triquilar use and 1343 cycles of Microgynon use showed that, while the contraceptive effectiveness was the same, the incidence of breakthrough bleeding and spotting was significantly less frequent among Triquilar users.
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PMID:[The first three-stage preparation for hormonal contraception. Clinical results (author's transl)]. 11 12

The therapeutic efficacy of the new triphasic contraceptive agent trisistone was evaluated in 42 women (20-35 years old) with various gynecological diseases. The group included 25 with uterine hemorrhage, 4 with post-castration syndrome, 4 with endometriosis, 4 with hypogonadism, and 5 with other diseases. The drug was dispensed monthly. The patients received 1 to 14 packages of trisistone (average number 3-4). The first phase consisted of 6 violet tablets containing 0.003 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.05 mg of levonorgestrel; the second phase consisted 6 pink tablets containing 0.04mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.075 mg of levonorgestrel and third phase consisted of 9 orange tablets containing 0.03 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.125 mg of levonorgestrel. Of 42 patients, 16 had stopped taking the drug after the first cycle, while 26 showed clinical improvement. The treatment was the most effective in patients with estrogen and gestagen insufficiency, luteal insufficiency, and primary ovarian dysgenesis. Side-effects of trisistone included hemorrhage (9.5%), headache (7.1%), sensation of pregnancy (7.1%), dizziness (2.4%), and nausea (2.4%).
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PMID:[The use of the triphasic contraceptive preparation trisiston for therapeutic purposes]. 237 4

History of development, composition, effectiveness, and side effects of first and second generation steroid contraceptive agents are briefly reviewed with special emphasis on advantages of third generation contraceptives, including triphasic hormonal contraceptives. Mechanism of action of triphasic contraceptives is based on the physiological biorhythm in the formation, secretion and blood levels of estrogens and gestagens during the menstrual cycle. The first phase (5 to 7 tablets) is characterized by high levels of estrogens and relatively low levels of gestagens. The second phase (5 to 10 tablets) is characterized by relatively high levels of estrogens and gestagens. And the third phase (7 to 10 tablets) is characterized by decreased levels of estrogens and significantly increased levels of gestagens. The most commonly used gestagens are levonorgestrel, norethindrone, and norethisterone. Ethinyl estradiol is the most commonly used estrogen. During various phases of the cycle the dosage of gestagens ranges from 0.03 to 1.00 mg and dosage of estrogen ranges from 0.3 to 0.4 mg. A single package of triphasic contraceptives contains 21 tablets. Duration of a cycle is 23-25 days with 7-day interval between the cycles. Hemorrhage during the first half of the cycle can be successfully treated with additional estrogens, while hemorrhage during the second half can be treated with gestagens. Side-effects of triphasic contraceptives include headache, dizziness, and irregular menstrual cycle. Triphasic contraceptives are specifically indicated to women older than 35 years of age, to smoking women, and to women with changes in lipid metabolism.
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PMID:[Triphasic hormonal contraceptives]. 267 94

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Minulet, a new low-dose combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing 75 mcg of gestodene and 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol, a multicenter trial involving 239 women was conducted in Switzerland. Of the 239 subjects, 187 (78%) were monitored for 6 cycles of OC use and 24 (10%) were followed for 3 cycles, yielding a total of 1265 cycles for observation. No pregnancy occurred during the study period, despite the fact that 1 or more pills had been forgotten in 17.1% of cases. Cycle length and the intensity and duration of bleeding were favorably affected by Minulet use, especially in women with a prior history of prolonged, heavy bleeding. Spotting occurred in 8.2% of subjects by cycle 3, but this rate was reduced to 5.9% by cycle 6. Breakthrough bleeding alone occurred in 2.1% of the cycles. The amenorrhea rate was 1.6% after cycle 6. There were no serious side effects, and symptoms such as headache, depression, breast tenderness, acne, nervousness, and dizziness were actually reduced as a result of OC use. Most notable was the decrease in dysmenorrhea, from 40% before beginning OC use to 13% after 3 months and 8% after 6 months. No significant effects on systolic or diastolic blood pressure were recorded among study participants, nor were there significant weight changes. Of the 17 women who terminated the trial due to side effects, metrorrhagia accounted for 17% of the terminations, depression for 14%, nausea for 14%, and headache for 13%. The findings of this trial, in terms of reliability, cycle control, and tolerability, suggest that Minulet has considerable potential as a new contraceptive choice.
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PMID:Clinical experience in Switzerland with the new monophasic oral contraceptive Minulet (75 mcg gestodene, 30 mcg ethinyl oestradiol). 307 5

The efficacy and safety of a new triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) were evaluated in a trial involving 120 women ages 18-33 years for a total of 901 woman-months of observation. 1 monthly cycle of this triphasic OC provides 6 tablets of 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 50 mcg levonorgestrel (LNg), 5 tablets of 40 mcg EE and 75 mcg LNg, and 10 tablets of 30 mcg EE and 125 mcg NNg. No pregnancies were reported during treatment. Cycle duration was significantly shorter during than before treatment. Before treatment, 88.6% of subjects had cycles of 29-32 days; after treatment, 74.3% had cycles of 20-28 days. The duration of menstruation was 2-5 days in 96.9% of treatment cycles, and the amount of flow was light to moderate in 94.2%. Breakthrough bleeding occurred in 0.4% and spotting in 1.0% of cycles; there was no amenorrhea. Side effects most frequently reported were headache (13.3%) and dizziness (8.2%). Changes in body weight and blood pressure were minimal.
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PMID:Clinical assessment of a new triphasic oral contraceptive. 391 71

Effects of a new low-dosage combination oral contraceptive containing .5 mg WY3707 (a progestational substance) plus .05 mg ethinyl estradiol were studied on 30 normal women. Findings based on 25 patients remaining in the study for 5 months indicate a weight gain (64%), a tendency to hypo- and oligomenorrhea (58.3%), headache (52%), dizziness (44%) and nausea (20%) as common side-effects. Blood pressure recordings were below 140/90 and had no major variations. Blood sodium and potassium levels, measured before therapy initiation and 2 and 5 months after use, showed no significant changes. Discussion centers on 20 previous studies relating oral contraceptives to blood electrolytes and pressure and weight and menstrual changes.
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PMID:Effect of a new low-dosage oral contraceptive pill on blood electrolytes. A combined clinical and laboratory evaluation. 576 88

Results of an urban comparative study of continuation rates and reasons for discontinuation of standard-dose and low-dose oral contraceptives are presented. 500 females were alternately given standard-dose (0.5 mg of DL-norgestrel with 50 ug of ethinyl estradiol) or low dose (0.15 mg of levonorgestrel with 30 ug of ethinyl estradiol) pills. Nutritional status was measured according to Huffman's method. 110 women were excluded from the analysis for various reasons, leaving 192 standard-dose and 198 low-dose acceptors. Cumulative life-table rates show a slightly higher, but statistically insignificant continuation rate for low-dose acceptors at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (40% for both groups). When age, parity and nutritional status were controlled, no significant differences in continuation rates were observed either between or within the 2 groups. Medical reasons, especially dizziness, accounted for nearly 1/2 of standard-dose discontinuation, and for about 1/3 of low-dose discontinuation. Low-dose pills were just as acceptable as the standard dose in this urban setting.
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PMID:Use-effectiveness of standard-dose and low-dose oral contraceptives in Dacca. 611 May 82

This case study reports on an obstetric rarity -- an intrauterine and an extrauterine pregnancy of a patient with an IUD in place. The 26-year-old primigravid patient had a previous history of cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion. 10 months after the cesarean section a Lippes Loop D was inserted. 2 months after the insertion she was hospitalized for heavy vaginal bleeding following a menstrual delay of 3 weeks. The IUD was shown to be correctly inserted. The uterine cervix was soft and half open. Upon palpation the uterus was found to be enlarged. The probable diagnosis was incomplete spontaneous abortion. IUD removal was followed by curettage. The pathologist's report confirmed the diagnosis of spontaneous abortion. A week after the curettage the patient again complained of scant vaginal bleeding and cramping pain localized in the lower abdomen. She was given ethinyl nortestosterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol for 10 days. After 48 hours of treatment the bleeding stopped. A month later the patient reported copious vaginal bleeding. Another curettage was performed in which several clots were removed. A puncture of the posterior fornix was performed with negative results. Examination of the patient under anesthesia revealed a small mass in the right lower quadrant. The 2nd pathology report on the clots referred to "endometrial tissue with signs of progesterone treatment" without an Arias-Stella image. 5 days after the last curettage the patient was admitted with abdominal pains, vaginal bleeding, weakness, and dizziness. An extrauterine pregnancy was suspected and a laparoscopy was performed. A ruptured right tubal pregnancy was found. A salpingectomy was then performed. Because of the reliability of the patient, it is certain that she did not have intercourse after the 1st curettage. This fact invalidates the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy occurring after her normal pregnancy.
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PMID:Double (uterine and ectopic) pregnancy of a patient using an intrauterine contraceptive device. 646 63

102 patients using Trinordiol, a triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinyl estradiol and d-norgestrel, were followed for 932 cycles in a study of secondary effects. Follow-up visits were scheduled after 1,3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. 26 patients discontinued use of the pills during the study after using them for a total of 159 cycles. 5 discontinued because of abdominal pain, 1 for breast tenderness, and 1 because of headaches or migraines. 7 discontinued because of metrorrhagia, 4 for weight gain, 3 for amenorrhea, 2 for nausea and vomiting, and 1 each for nervousness, water retention, acne, desire for pregnancy, leaving the country, hypertension, and unknown motivation. the average age of patients was 23.6 years, with a range from 14-48. 76% were aged 15-29 years. 52.9% were nulliparas. 58.8% were Belgian, 21.6% were from Mediterranean Europe, 10.8% were Moroccan, and 7.9% were from black Africa. Only 1 patient, a 37 year old, developed hypertension. 15 patients gained more than 2 kg and 17 lost more than 2 kg. 15.8% complained of spotting during the 1st cycle compared to 3.1% during the 6th cycle, 5.2% during cycle 7-12, and 9.1% during cycle 13-30. Among 35 patients who did not discontinue treatment, 7 complained of amenorrhea and 1 of scanty menstrual bleeding, 14 of pain including 7 cases of pelvic pain, 2 of dysmenorrhea, 3 of breast tenderness, and 2 of headaches, 15 of leukorrhea, 3 of nausea, 2 of dizziness, and 1 each of fatigue, acne, galactorrhea, and cutaneous pruritus. 1 case of myoma at the level of the uterine cornu was identified after 24 cycles of treatment. In all, 61 patients had some complaint, while 41 were totally satisfied. No patient became pregnant during the study.
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PMID:[Clinical study of the secondary effects associated with taking a triphasic anti-ovulatory contraceptive]. 670 4

A randomized double-blind study of two combined oral contraceptives and two progestogen-only oral contraceptives was conducted using the same protocol at WHO Collaborating Centres for Clinical Research in Human Reproduction in Bombay and Ljubljana of the 518 women admitted to the trial, 123 received mestranol 50 micrograms + norethisterone 1mg (MES 50 + NET 1); 137 received ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms + levonorgestrel 150 micrograms (EE 30 + LNG 150); 130 received norethisterone 350 micrograms/NET 350); and 128 received levonorgestrel 30 micrograms (LNG 30). At one year, between 52.6 and 61.0 percent of those recruited had discontinued oral contraceptive use for all reasons, and by two years, between 70.5 and 76.5 percent had discontinued the treatment. These rates did not differ between the four treatment groups. However, discontinuation rates for all medical reasons at one and two years, and at two years pregnancy rates and discontinuation rates for bleeding disturbances, were significantly lower in the EE/LNG preparation. The groups receiving the MES/NET, LNG and NET had similar pregnancy rates, discontinuation rates for all medical reasons and all bleeding disturbances. There were two ectopic pregnancies among the 22 pregnancies in the progestogen-only groups. Discontinuation because of headache, dizziness and other central nervous system symptoms were significantly more common in those receiving MES/NET compared to EE/LNG. In contrast, discontinuation for gastro-intestinal disturbances were significantly higher in the EE/LNG combined preparation. Bleeding disturbances in the first few cycles tended to be higher in NET than in the LNG group. The data suggest that greater consideration be given to the benefits and risks of including progestogen-only oral contraceptives in the family planning programmes of some countries.
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PMID:A randomized, double-blind study of two combined and two progestogen-only oral contraceptives. 680 62


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