Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Management of tuberculosis in a hospital environment is well systematized and may include chemoprophylaxis, which may be hazardous when used in psychiatric impairments. We examined retrospectively adverse events occurring during a 6-month period of antituberculosis treatment. Besides patients initially treated for active pulmonary tuberculosis, 16 other patients have benefited from chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid (INH) and/or rifampicin (RFP). All these patients (mean age 53 years) had been institutionalized for several years. Fifteen of them still received a mean of 5.4 +/- 2.2 drugs including 3.3 +/- 1.4 psychotropic agents. During antituberculous treatment, 5 patients (29 per cent) presented side effects: hyperuricaemia with pyrazinamide, neutropenia, dysphagia and anorexia, dizziness and falls, diabetes and fatal fulminant hepatitis associated with INH. Drug interactions were systemically searched for. Three probably led to clinical manifestations: they implicated INH with carbamazepine, RFP with theophylline and RFP with haloperidol. Our results suggest a greater sensitivity for adverse effects and drug interactions in psychiatric institutionalized patients. They pose the problem of the appropriateness of antituberculous chemoprophylaxis in such patients, particularly because of communication difficulties and polytherapy. The INH-RFP regimen should be avoided and the clinical and biological follow-up reinforced.
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PMID:[Adverse effects related to the use of antitubercular drugs in psychiatric centers: retrospective study at the Philippe Pinel CH in Amiens 1994]. 913 90

Since isoniazid is increasingly being used to control the spread of tuberculosis, physicians must be aware of its potentially fatal effects. The ingestion of toxic amounts of isoniazid causes recurrent seizures, profound metabolic acidosis, coma and even death. In adults, toxicity can occur with the acute ingestion of as little as 1.5 g of isoniazid. Doses larger than 30 mg per kg often produce seizures. When ingested in amounts of 80 to 150 mg per kg or more, isoniazid can be rapidly fatal. The first signs and symptoms of isoniazid toxicity usually appear 30 minutes to two hours after ingestion and include nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, dizziness, tachycardia and urinary retention, followed by stupor, coma and recurrent grand mal seizures. The seizures produced by isoniazid toxicity are often refractory to anticonvulsant therapy. Given in gram-per-gram amounts of the isoniazid ingested, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) usually eliminates seizure activity and helps to correct the patient's metabolic acidosis. Isoniazid toxicity should be suspected in any patient who presents with refractory seizures and metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:Isoniazid overdose: recognition and management. 949 Sep 97

Clinically, ethambutol (EMB)-induced psychosis is rare. In our review of the literature, most cases of antituberculosis agent-associated psychoses were caused by isoniazid (INH). We report the case of a 51-year-old man with suspected tuberculosis (TB) pleurisy. An anti-TB trial with INH, rifampicin and EMB was given initially. Dizziness, disorientation, and auditory and visual hallucinations developed after seven days of therapy. Laboratory examinations, including routine biochemistry tests, serum titer of antinuclear antibodies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and computerized tomography of the head showed no abnormal findings. Following discontinuation of anti-TB agents, the psychiatric symptoms subsided. When the patient was challenged with EMB, the same psychiatric symptoms recurred, but resolved again after discontinuation of EMB. It is important to be aware that EMB can induce psychosis when anti-TB medications are prescribed.
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PMID:Ethambutol-induced psychosis: a case report. 1053 3

The prevalence of non-hereditary angioedema was investigated in a general population sample (n = 7,931) and in a sample of Danish patients (n = 7,433) tested for deficiency of functional complement C(1) esterase inhibitor protein (functional C(1) INH). The general population sample (44% response rate) reported a lifetime prevalence of 7.4% for angioedema. In both groups symptoms were most frequent in the lips, head, neck, eyes and tongue. In the C(1) INH test normal group angioedema was still active at the time of the study in 53% of the patients, and 36% reported symptoms in the throat, 23% in the abdominal area, 17% had diarrhoea, 11% had vomiting and 6% fainted during attacks. Non-hereditary angioedema has high lifetime prevalence and becomes chronic in approximately 50% of affected patients. Symptoms in the larynx and throat, as well as non-specific symptoms, such as dizziness and abdominal pain, were more frequent than previously reported.
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PMID:Epidemiology of non-hereditary angioedema. 2279 Nov 89