Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind, randomized, crossover study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. All entered patients had no prior chemotherapy and all received inpatient emetogenic chemotherapy mainly without cisplatin. Of the 40 evaluable patients, 23 (58%) had no vomiting with dexamethasone compared with only 11 (28%) receiving metoclopramide (P less than 0.025). Dexamethasone was found to have less adverse effect than metoclopramide on patient's appetite and activity (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Twenty-one patients (53%) developed mild to severe somnolence with metoclopramide compared to only seven (18%) who experienced this adverse effect with dexamethasone (P less than 0.01). Six patients (15%) developed extrapyramidal manifestations with metoclopramide, but none with dexamethasone. Furthermore, during dexamethasone therapy, patients developed less diaphoresis, insomnia, headache and dizziness. Upon questioning patients about their preference to future use of the antiemetic drug therapy, 28 patients (70%) preferred dexamethasone, two (5%) preferred metoclopramide and 10 (25%) found no difference. We conclude that high-dose dexamethasone has a greater antiemetic activity and is more safe than high-dose metoclopramide in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy mainly without cisplatin.
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PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone: randomized, double-blind, crossover study with high-dose metoclopramide in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 351 33

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) has long been recognised as a potentially life-threatening condition afflicting otherwise healthy normal individuals who ascend rapidly to high altitude where the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the air is reduce. The symptoms of AMS (e.g. headache, poor appetite and nausea, fatigue and weakness, dizziness or light-headedness and poor sleep) are probably a consequence of disturbances in fluid balance brought about by severe tissue hypoxia. AMS can be prevented by an adequately slow ascent, which is the best method, but for those with limited time there are several drug therapies that provide a relatively good protection. Acetazolamide (250 mg twice daily or 500 mg slow release once daily), taken before and during, ascent is probably the treatment of choice; it improves gas exchange and exercise performance and reduces the symptoms of AMS in most individuals. Dexamethasone (4 mg, 4 times daily) is more of value for short term treatment or prevention, and should never be used for more than 2 to 3 days. Prophylactic use of progesterone looks promising, but more studies are required.
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PMID:Medicine and mechanisms in altitude sickness. Recommendations. 857 Sep 99

Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) associated with otosclerosis has been noted for many years. However, the causal relationship of these two entities remains controversial. Having reviewed the records of patients with otosclerosis describing fluctuant hearing loss and vertiginous symptoms, the authors found the EH may coexist with otosclerosis preoperatively; they may be two separate diseases that exist coincidentally; or EH may be caused by the otosclerotic process. Secondly, EH may occur with a fistula after surgery. Occurring after stapedectomy, EH may be caused by fistulization of the bony labyrinth, which is effectively treated by surgery to seal the fistula, which may cause EH to subside and hearing to improve. Thirdly, delayed EH may occur months or years after stapedectomy, possibly as a result of otosclerotic foci or surgical insult to the labyrinth. Dexamethasone, diuretics, and a room air rebreather can be used in the treatment of delayed EH. Hearing may be maintained or may deteriorate, but there usually is no dizziness. The clinical manifestations of EH associated with otosclerosis include a conductive or mixed type of hearing loss; the presence of fullness, tinnitus, fluctuation of hearing, episodic vertigo, an elevated negative summating potential (SP), and an increased summating potential:action potential (SP:AP) ratio shown by ECoG. This report presents five cases of EH associated with otosclerosis.
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PMID:Endolymphatic hydrops associated with otosclerosis. 857 39