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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, local and systemic tolerance and pharmacokinetics of trospectomycin sulfate in human beings were evaluated for the first time. Trospectomycin sulfate (U-63,366F; trospectomycin) or sterile saline was administered to 96 healthy male volunteers in doses ranging from 0.25 ml (75 mg) to 3.3 ml (1,000 mg) in a single intramuscular injection in a double-blind, randomized design. Volunteers were screened to establish baseline vital signs and laboratory test values. Pain and tenderness at the injection site, which occurred at doses of 450 mg and above, were the most common side effects; they were mild in severity and transient. Adverse drug experiences reported by subjects included nausea, dizziness, light-headedness, diaphoresis, costal pain, and perioral numbness. The perioral numbness (paresthesia) experienced at doses of 750, 900, and 1,000 mg was probably drug related. No Clostridium difficile toxin was detected in fecal samples. Pharmacokinetic calculations based on data obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that after a 1,000-mg intramuscular dose of trospectomycin (3.3 ml), the serum mean half-life was 1.85 h (1.70 to 2.02 h), mean area under the serum concentration-time curve was 140.2 micrograms.h/ml and was linear with dose, mean peak concentration was 28.3 micrograms/ml (20.4 to 34.7 micrograms/ml), mean time to maximum concentration was 71 min (30 to 120 min), and the elimination rate constant was 0.307 h-1. The elimination rate constant and half-life did not vary with dose. Little trospectomycin was detected in 2-day fecal collections. A few randomly occurring abnormal clinical laboratory test values and vital signs were observed. For the trospectomycin-treated group, creatinine phosphokinase increased substantially for 24 h after injection and then decrease through day 5, while serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase increased slightly.
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PMID:Human safety and pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular dose of a novel spectinomycin analog, trospectomycin (U-63,366F). 215 Sep 7

Hypertension is common in the elderly and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, which may be decreased by effective blood pressure control. Many antihypertensive drugs, however, are not well tolerated by the aged. We treated 21 patients (ten men and 11 women) between ages 65 and 84 years (mean, 73.6 years) with guanadrel sulfate. All patients had received prior antihypertensive therapy, which either was ineffective or caused undesirable side effects. Average follow-up time was 17 months. Mean systolic pressure on enrollment was 188 +/- 17 mm Hg and mean diastolic pressure was 100 +/- 10 mm Hg. After treatment, the mean systolic pressure was 139 +/- 15 mm Hg and mean diastolic pressure was 82 +/- 8 mm Hg. Dosage varied from 5 to 30 mg/d with a mean of 16 mg/d. The only significant side effects were fatigue, dizziness, and dyspnea reported in four patients. Eleven patients took the medication as monotherapy and ten received diuretics or diuretics and beta-blockers as additional therapy. Our conclusion is that guanadrel is an effective, well-tolerated medication for treatment of hypertension in the elderly.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of guanadrel in elderly hypertensive patients. 338 97

Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn), a substituted phenyl propionic acid, is a new analgesic/anti-inflammatory agent. To evaluate its relative efficacy in noninflammatory pain, 159 hospitalized women with moderate or severe postpartum uterine cramps were given single oral doses of 50 mg of flurbiprofen, 650 mg of aspirin, 60 or 120 mg of codeine sulfate, or placebo in a parallel, stratified, randomized block, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Patients rated pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects in uniform interviews for six hours after treatment. All measures of peak and summed analgesia exhibited significant differences among the five treatments. Flurbiprofen and aspirin showed the greatest analgesic response and were significantly superior to placebo. Results of codeine treatment were equivocal with no evidence of a positive dose response. Side effects were unremarkable except for dizziness and drowsiness after the 120-mg codeine dose. These findings suggest that flurbiprofen as an analgesic for patients with postpartum uterine pain is equivalent to aspirin and superior to codeine.
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PMID:Flurbiprofen, aspirin, codeine, and placebo for postpartum uterine pain. 351 27

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of oral tocainide hydrochloride and quinidine sulfate were compared in a double-blind, 3-center, parallel trial involving 133 patients with benign and potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Baseline demographic, etiologic, functional and ventricular arrhythmia data were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Two weeks of an initial placebo period were followed by 8 weeks of active drug treatment, concluding with 4 weeks of washout. Frequent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was used to judge efficacy. Ten of 27 patients (37%) receiving tocainide and 12 of 24 patients (50%) receiving quinidine had a 75% reduction with drug treatment compared with the initial placebo period (p greater than 0.25). Total abolition of ventricular tachycardia occurred in 6 of 16 patients (37%) receiving tocainide and 6 of 13 patients (43%) receiving quinidine (p greater than 0.25). Conditions that required discontinuation of therapy occurred in 18 of 67 patients (27%) receiving tocainide and 16 of 66 (24%) receiving quinidine (difference not significant). More patients had dizziness during tocainide treatment and diarrhea during quinidine treatment. Quinidine caused a prolongation in the QT interval (0.03 second); tocainide caused a slight reduction (0.01 second). No important changes in vital signs or laboratory measurements were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction when measured. Thus, tocainide, the new oral analog of lidocaine, appears to be as safe as quinidine but is slightly less effective in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy and safety of oral tocainide and quinidine for benign and potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. 393 48

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of oral flecainide acetate and quinidine sulfate were compared in a double-blind, 16-center parallel trial involving 280 patients with chronic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Eighty-five percent of the flecainide patients had at least 80% suppression of PVCs, vs 57% of the quinidine patients (p less than 0.0001). Sixty-eight percent of the flecainide patients met the above criterion and also had complete suppression of couplets and beats of ventricular tachycardia, vs 33% of the quinidine patients (p less than 0.0001). PR and QRS intervals were prolonged by flecainide without clinical consequence, but they were not substantially affected by quinidine (p less than 0.0001). Quinidine prolonged JT (QT minus QRS) intervals significantly more than flecainide (p less than 0.05). Nineteen of 141 flecainide patients and 21 of 139 quinidine patients discontinued therapy because of side effects (p greater than 0.50). Flecainide side effects included dizziness, blurred vision, headache and nausea. Quinidine side effects included diarrhea, nausea, headache and dizziness. Flecainide was more effective than quinidine in suppressing chronic ventricular arrhythmias (especially complex forms), and thus is an important new antiarrhythmic agent.
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PMID:Flecainide versus quinidine for treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmias. A multicenter clinical trial. 633 10

The analgesic response to codeine of patients with postpartum uterine-cramp pain has recently met with controversy. To readdress this question, we conducted a new study comparing codeine sulfate, 60 mg (N = 32) and 120 mg (N = 31), with aspirin, 650 mg (N = 34), and placebo (N = 32) in hospitalized women with moderate or severe postpartum uterine cramps treated with single oral doses in a parallel, stratified, randomized, double-blind trial. Subjective reports were used as indices of response, and patients rated pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects at periodic, uniformly conducted interviews for 6 hr. Most measures of analgesia exhibited important differences among the treatments. In patients with undifferentiated pain (N = 129) and in a subset of patients with pure uterine cramps (N = 56; i.e., no concomitant episiotomy), aspirin showed the greatest response, whereas codeine responses were equivocal with no evidence of a positive dose response. In contrast, in a subset of patients with mixed episiotomy-uterine pain (N = 73), 120 mg codeine showed good separation from placebo and compared favorably with aspirin. Codeine, 60 mg, showed a similar trend, and there was a strong suggestion of dose-dependent analgesia. Side effects were not remarkable except for dizziness and drowsiness after 120 mg codeine in all sets and subsets of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Codeine and aspirin analgesia in postpartum uterine cramps: qualitative aspects of quantitative assessments. 661 71

Recently it has been known that paromomycin sulfate had marked anthelmintic activity against some species of tapeworms. In this investigation, paromomycin sulfate was used for treating 6 cases of diphyllobothriasis and 1 case of Taenia saginata infection. Paromomycin sulfate was administered orally in a single dose or 2 divided doses of 40--60 mg/kg, being followed by a purge about 1.5 hours later. Strobila or fragments of proglottids were expelled from 5 cases, of which only 1 scolex was found in a case of infection with marine species of Diphyllobothrium. In 1 case of diphyllobothriasis no worm or worm-fragment was found in the stool even after the second challenge of treatment. Nevertheless follow-up examination for more than 1 month showed no evidence of remaining infection in all cases. Transient dizziness was observed in only 1 case, disappearing within about 30 minutes. Serum- and urine-examinations detected no abnormal signs in all cases excepting 1 case of diphyllobothriasis with suspected hepatitis. It was concluded that paromomycin sulfate is effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of taeniasis and diphyllobothriasis including marine species.
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PMID:[Efficacy of paromomycin sulfate in the elimination of Diphyllobothrium species and Taenia saginata in clinical cases]. 687 73

The safety and effectiveness of a single oral dose of 50 mg propiram fumarate as an analgesic was compared in a double-blind clinical trial trial against single doses of standard reference analgesics (50 mg pentazocine hydrochloride or 60 mg codeine sulfate) or placebo. Subjects were adult patients experiencing severe postsurgical pain. Mean pain scores and SPID scores showed all three active drugs to be favored (P less than 0.05) over placebo in patients with severe initial pain. The most common side effects seen were drowsiness, nausea, and dizziness. These were not severe enough to require treatment. Propiram fumarate (50 mg) was shown to be an effective and safe analgesic in the treatment of severe postsurgical pain.
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PMID:Analgesic comparison of propiram fumarate with pentazocine, codeine, and placebo in postsurgical pain. 701 56

Clinical signs and lesions of levamisole toxicosis include: nausea, vomiting, increased salivation, frequent urination and defecation, colic, dizziness, headache, muscle tremors, ataxia, anxiety, hyperesthesia with irritability, clonic convulsions, depression, rapid respiration, dyspnea, prostration, collapse, hemorrhages in the subepicardium and thalamus, enteritis, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, and splenic congestion. Most of these signs and lesions are similar to those observed in nicotine poisoning. Levamisole causes vasopressor and panting effects which are blocked by ganglionic blocking agents hexamethonium and mecamylamine but are not blocked by atropine. The vasopressor effect of levamisole is blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and dibenamine; however, the respiratory effect of levamisole is not affected by these alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Repeated IV injections of levamisole cause a tachyphylactic response. With levamisole-induced tachyphylaxis, the effects of other ganglionic stimulants dimethylpiperazinium and nicotine are also abolished. Levamisole causes an electroencephalographic arousal which is antagonized by atropine sulfate and mecamylamine. There is also a structural similarity of levamisole to nicotine. These studies suggest that levamisole is a nicotine-like compound. Possible treatment of levamisole poisoning is discussed. Drug interactions of levamisole with organophosphates and anthelmintics, eg, pyrantel, methyridine, and diethylcarbamazine, are also discussed.
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PMID:Toxicity and drug interactions of levamisole. 721 95

We report a patient with transient atrioventricular (AV) block induced by swallowing. He complained of recurrent dizziness during meals and had suffered from inferior myocardial infarction 1 year before the onset of these symptoms. Radiologic examination showed no apparent esophageal abnormalities. Swallowing a piece of solid food or hot liquid repeatedly provoked advanced AV block. Administration of intravenous atropine sulfate prevented AV block. An electrophysiologic study revealed that this swallowing-induced AV block was an intranodal (A-H) block. We did not implant a cardiac pacemaker because his symptoms were not very serious and could be prevented by eating carefully. The patient has been symptom-free for the past 12 months. The previous myocardial infarction may be related to the appearance of this vagal-related AV block.
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PMID:A case of swallowing-induced atrioventricular block after myocardial infarction. 890 91


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