Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of candesartan cilexetil are reviewed. Candesartan is an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB). It is administered as a pro-drug that undergoes activation during gastrointestinal absorption. The agent is excreted mostly unchanged and has a terminal half-life of about nine hours (slightly longer in the elderly). Candesartan differs from other agents in its class in that it is tightly bound to angiotensin II type 1 receptors, allowing prolonged activity. In clinical trials, candesartan cilexetil has produced a dose-dependent effect when given in dosages of 2-32 mg/day. Observed trough-to-peak blood pressure ratios support a once-daily dosage regimen. The antihypertensive effect of candesartan cilexetil 4-16 mg/day was as great as that of enalapril 10-20 mg/day and amlodipine 5 mg/day and larger than that of losartan potassium 50 mg/day. Adding candesartan cilexetil to hydrochlorothiazide 12.5-25 mg/day and amlodipine 5 mg/day led to enhanced blood-pressure reductions and was well tolerated. It appears that candesartan can decrease renal perfusion without adversely affecting renal blood flow and may mediate a decrease in albuminuria in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. No clinically important drug interactions have been reported. Adverse effects include headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and transient elevations in liver transaminases. The frequency of cough is similar to that seen with placebo. Candesartan cilexetil is an effective antihypertensive agent that can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. It is generally well tolerated and may be an option for patients who cannot tolerate angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors because of cough.
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PMID:Candesartan cilexetil: an angiotensin II-receptor blocker. 1078 59

Candesartan cilexetil is the prodrug of candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Candesartan binds selectively and non-competitively to the angiotensin II receptor type 1, thus preventing the actions of angiotensin II. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy at a dose range of 2 to 32 mg once daily in hypertension of all grades, heart failure, in reducing urinary albumin excretion in diabetes mellitus and in coexisting hypertension and renal failure. Pharmacokinetic properties of candesartan cilexetil in elderly patients are not significantly different from those in younger individuals. Hepatic impairment does not change pharmacokinetics of candesartan cilexetil at doses up to 12 mg/day. No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. Tolerability of candesartan cilexetil is not much different from that of placebo. All adverse events are usually of mild to moderate severity and not dose-related. The most common adverse events were headache, upper respiratory tract infection, back pain, and dizziness. The incidence of these adverse effects, as well as of cough, was similar in patients treated with candesartan cilexetil or placebo. The incidence of adverse events in long-term trials was not different from that in short-term trials. Tolerability of candesartan cilexetil does not differ with either age or gender.
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PMID:Candesartan. 1559 74