Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured in 53 hypertensive patients (26 renally impaired, 27 with normal renal function) before and after treatment with sufficient bunazosin retard or prazosin to control their high blood pressure. After a 3-week placebo run-in period, patients were classified as normal (creatinine clearance > 80 ml/min) or renally impaired (20-55 ml/min), and randomly assigned to bunazosin retard or prazosin. There followed a dose titration (T) phase of 6-7 weeks, and a maintenance (M) phase of 4 weeks. Blood pressure was satisfactorily controlled (sitting diastolic pressure < or = 90 mmHg or decreased by > or = 10 mmHg) by both drugs in both groups. Bunazosin Retard was associated with increases in GFR and ERPF in both normal and renally impaired groups; the increases were statistically significant in the renally impaired group (n = 14). Prazosin was associated with small decreases in both measures in both groups. One patient died of myocardial infarction during the placebo run-in. There were no other serious adverse events. Four patients reported dizziness (2 with each drug). We conclude that with appropriate dose titration, bunazosin retard is well tolerated and preserves renal blood flow when used to treat hypertension in patients with renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Renal haemodynamic effects of bunazosin retard and prazosin in mild to moderately hypertensive patients with normal or moderately impaired renal function. 797 85

An investigator-blind, parallel-group, multicentre study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily, sustained-release (s-r) ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium in patients (mean age 59.8 years) suffering from painful osteoarthritis affecting chiefly the knee and/or hip. Patients attending eight Swiss centres received either two s-r tablets of ibuprofen (daily dose 1600 mg; n = 30) or a single s-r diclofenac 100 mg tablet (n = 31) each evening for 21 days. Clinical assessments were performed prior to initiating therapy and after 7 and 21 days of treatment. Both treatments were efficacious, but statistically significant differences in favour of s-r ibuprofen were observed for the principal measure of efficacy, the investigator's assessment of the overall change in clinical condition; by Day 21, 37% of ibuprofen-treated patients vs 10% of diclofenac-treated patients were 'much improved' (p = 0.04). Patients' assessments of the efficacy of their treatment also favoured s-r ibuprofen at Day 7 for the relief of night pain (p = 0.048), at Day 21 for alleviation of day pain (p = 0.006) and for the ability to carry out normal activities (p = 0.01), and at both Days 7 and 21 for quality of sleep (p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). The patients' overall opinion of treatment was also significantly in favour of s-r ibuprofen, which was rated 'good or excellent' by 80% (24/30), compared with only 38% of patients (11/29) receiving s-r diclofenac sodium (p = 0.002). Two patients (6%) receiving s-r diclofenac sodium ceased treatment owing to dizziness and severe diarrhoea, respectively; there were no withdrawals in the ibuprofen-treated group. Ten (32%) patients in the s-r diclofenac group reported a total of 12 adverse events (mostly gastrointestinal in nature), compared with three (10%) patients in the s-r ibuprofen group who reported only three events (abdominal pain, insomnia and constipation). In conclusion, although both NSAID treatments improved the clinical condition of patients with painful osteoarthritis, statistically significant differences in favour of once-daily s-r ibuprofen (1600 mg) were demonstrated in terms of efficacy, indicating a potential therapeutic advantage for this formulation. Ibuprofen was also better tolerated than diclofenac sodium (100 mg/day), the latter being associated with gastrointestinal side effects in a significant proportion of patients. Sustained-release ibuprofen (Brufen Retard) thus represents an important addition to the available therapeutic armamentarium of once-daily NSAID formulations.
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PMID:Ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a comparative trial of two once-daily sustained-release NSAID formulations. 901 Jun 10

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of methylphenidate (0.4 mg/kgday) and different doses of fenfluramine (1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/g/day) in children with mental retardation or borderline IQ and ADHD was conducted. Parents, teachers, examiners, and physicians rated the children. There were relatively few significant drug effects by condition. When the optimal fenfluramine dose for each child was compared with placebo and methylphenidate, significant improvements occurred for fenfluramine on several parent and teacher subscales; teachers rated the children as somewhat improved with methylphenidate. The highest dose of fenfluramine produced more behavior compliance but apparently at the cost of cognitive efficiency. Most side effects (drowsiness, dizziness, anorexia) occurred with fenfluramine. Both drugs appear to be effective treatments for children with ADHD and mental retardation, although there is a possible neurotoxic action with fenfluramine. We recommend a gradual phase-in of fenfluramine dosage, up to 1.5 mg/kg/day, for most children.
Am J Ment Retard 1997 Mar
PMID:Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and borderline IQ: clinical effects. 908 8