Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new tetracycline (minocycline) and ampicillin were compared in the treatment of 217 adults with common infections seen in general practice. Minocycline had an overall clinical effectiveness comparable with ampicillin, though minocycline was more frequently prescribed for suspected staphylococcal infections with satisfactory results in 25 (26). Minocycline was significantly more effective in vitro against common pathogenic organisms than ampicillin. All strains of staphyloccocci isolated were sensitive to minocycline while 15 (27) were resistant to ampicillin. Minocycline and ampicillin were no different in the occurrence of mild side effects. Dizziness was troublesome for 23 (127) patients on minocycline and resulted in four patients discontinuing treatment.
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PMID:A new tetracycline minocycline compared with ampicillin in general practice. 106 24

Two new cases of cutaneous pigmentation induced by minocycline are reported, in addition to the 38 cases collected in the literature. Our first case was a 50-year old man with a history of multiple orthopaedic operations for injuries sustained in road accidents. Arthritis of the elbow, probably of bacterial origin, was treated with cephalexin and gentamicin, followed by minocycline 300 mg/day. After a total dose of 60 g of minocycline had been reached, a bluish-grey pigmentation was observed on the internal aspect of the left tibia and on the scars left by the orthopaedic operations. Subsequently, lenticular lesions of the hands developed, together with a blue area on the palate. Our second case was an 18-year old girl who presented initially with nodulo-cystic acne. Minocycline 200 mg/day was prescribed, then withdrawn on account of dizziness; no pigmentation was observed. The acne was cured after 7 months of treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid in doses of 30 mg/day (for a patient's weight of 50 kg). A second course of minocycline 100 mg/day was prescribed; after a total dose of 3 g all the acne scars had become pigmented. A pathological study performed in the first case confirmed the data found in the literature: light microscopy displayed hyperpigmentation of the basal layer of the epidermis with Masson's silver stain, and an intrahistiocytic pigment coloured by Turnbull's stain; electron microscopy showed an increase in melanosomes within the basal keratinocytes, and a pathological accumulation of pigment in the dermis in the form of electron-dense granules usually surrounded by a membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cutaneous pigmentation induced by minocycline: 2 cases]. 375 61

The efficacy and safety of minocycline was investigated in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had already received more than three disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Minocycline was administered at 100 mg twice a day to fifteen patients with active RA. The drug efficacy was evaluated by the clinical variables including the number of painful and/or swollen joints, the duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, and the titer of rheumatoid factor. Three patients experienced adverse effects such as dizziness and abdominal pain or discomfort, but only one patient with abdominal pain and dizziness was discontinued. Fourteen RA patients, who had taken minocycline for at least 6 months, were subjected to the clinical evaluation. Among them, 8 patients (54%) showed a significant improvement of clinical valuables for disease activity, beginning even at 4 weeks of the therapy. The continued effects were observed in 8 patients with over 1 year-minocycline therapy. Intriguingly, an active patient with a history of multiple DMARDs-resistancy showed a marked favorable response to this drug. The present study indicates that minocycline may be an effective DMARD with highly safe performance for patients with active and refractory RA. This is the first demonstration of the benefit of minocycline in the Japanese patients.
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PMID:[An evaluation of efficacy of minocycline as an anti-rheumatic drug in patients with active and refractory rheumatoid arthritis]. 1004 18

Minocycline belongs to the second generation class of cyclines. It was synthesized in 1967 and marketed in 1972. Minocycline has an antiinfectious activity with a spectrum similar to that of other cyclines, notably against Chlamydias, Treonema and Proprionibacterium acenes. The antiinflammatory activity is associated with this antiinfectious action is greater than that of first generation cyclines with specifically a modulator effect on epidermal cytokines. The pharmokinetics of minocycline is characterized by an excellent absorption, a long half-life and an important lipophilic property inducing good tissue distribution. Clinical trials of minocycline have mainly been performed in sexually transmissible diseases and in acne, a field where randomized studies are the most frequent. These trials show that the effect of minocycline is not stronger than first generation cyclines or doxycycline, but that the action is quicker than that of tetracycline at the dose of 500 mg a day. Minocycline is also efficient in nocardiasis, mycobacteriosis, leprosy, Lyme disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, autoimmune bullous dermatitis, Carteaud disease, and prurigo. However, the effect of minocycline in these different conditions has always been evaluated in open trials with a small number of patients. The usual side effects of cyclines, i.e. digestive problems, fungal infections, are less frequent than with first generation cyclines. No photosensitivity has been demonstrated although pigmentations have been described. Dizziness is a specific side effect of minocycline. Furthermore, rare but severe side effects have been reported, including hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, and lupus. Regular indications for minocycline in dermatology are acne and three sexually transmissible diseases (mycoplasm, chlamydia, treponema). Proposed dosage is 100 mg per day in sexually transmissible disease with a reduction to 50 mg per day after 15 days in acne.
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PMID:[Minocycline]. 1142 98

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic effective against a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is highly active in the pilosebaceous complex, due to its great lipophilicity, and therefore it has been used in the treatment of moderate to severe papulo-pustular acne for a long time. It has an optimal therapeutic range and the percentage of P. acnes resistant strains are still inferior to 5%. Besides the antimicrobial activity, minocycline has an anti-inflammatory action, due to the reduction in neutrophilic chemotaxis, the inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the reduction in sebum free fatty acids and bacterial lipases. In 2006 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new extended-release formulation of minocycline. This formulation allowed the reduction of some dose-related adverse events, such as those affecting the vestibular system. Besides the dose-related events (nausea, vomiting, and dizziness), minocycline is also known to induce hyperpigmentation, even if less frequently than doxycycline, and is rarely responsible for autoimmune disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and serum sickness-like reactions. The latest guidelines in the treatment of acne recommend a dose of 50-100 mg, once or twice a daily for the non-modified release minocycline, and 1 mg/kg daily for the new extended-release formulation. This agent is most appropriately used in combination with a topical regimen containing benzoyl peroxide and/or retinoid.
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PMID:Minocycline in the treatment of acne: latest findings. 2046 Oct 50

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic, second-generation tetracycline. It was introduced in 1972 and has both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Minocycline is used for a variety of infectious diseases and in acne. Even today, new indications beyond the antibacterial indications are being investigated such as its use in neurologic diseases. Formerly, minocycline was thought to have a superior efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory acne, especially with respect to antibacterial-resistant Propionibacterium acnes. A thorough review of the literature, however, shows that minocycline is not more effective in acne than other tetracyclines. Compared with first-generation tetracyclines, minocycline has a better pharmacokinetic profile, and compared with doxycycline it is not phototoxic. However, minocycline has an increased risk of severe adverse effects compared with other tetracyclines. It may induce hypersensitivity reactions affecting the liver, lung, kidneys, or multiple organs (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms [DRESS] syndrome) in the first weeks of treatment and, with long-term treatment, may cause autoimmune reactions (systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hepatitis). In addition, CNS symptoms, such as dizziness, are more frequent compared with other tetracyclines. Long-term treatment may induce hyperpigmentation of the skin or other organs. Resistance of P. acnes to minocycline also occurs, dependent on the prescribing behavior. Considering the aspects of efficacy, its adverse effect profile, resistance, price, and alternatives, minocycline is no longer considered the first-line antibacterial in the treatment of acne.
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PMID:Minocycline in acne vulgaris: benefits and risks. 2064 95