Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data from 1,878 courses of intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy, administered to 1,869 patients in 59 clinical trials, were analyzed for drug safety. The 985 men and 884 women had a mean age of 50 years, and more than one third were over 60 years of age. An overwhelming majority had at least one accompanying systemic illness, and the condition of more than half the patients was only fair or poor at the onset of therapy. Ciprofloxacin was administered in a unit dose of either 200 mg (68 percent of the patients) or 300 mg (28 percent) by intravenous infusion, generally over 30 minutes every 12 hours, at a mean daily dosage of 456 mg. The duration of intravenous therapy ranged from one to 57 days, with a mean of seven days; over 1,000 patients were treated for more than five days. Adverse events considered probably or possibly related to intravenous ciprofloxacin were reported in 15.8 percent of the courses; therapy was discontinued prematurely in 3 percent. Local reactions at the site of infusion were the most common, occurring in 4.4 percent of the courses. Changes in blood chemistry values (4.1 percent) included increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Reports of adverse effects referable to the gastrointestinal tract (3.0 percent) were primarily nausea and diarrhea. Central nervous system reactions (1.8 percent) included convulsive seizures, headache, and dizziness. In comparative trials, events considered probably or possibly drug related were reported for 17.3 and 13.6 percent of the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse events other than local reactions at the infusion site was not significantly different between the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients (12.7 percent versus 11.0 percent, p greater than 0.2).
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PMID:Safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin. A review. 268 31

A randomized double blind study in long term malaria chemoprophylaxis was performed to compare the tolerability of Fansimef (1 tablet containing 250 mg mefloquine + 500 mg sulfadoxine + 25 mg pyrimethamine per week) with chloroquine (300 mg per week). 211 Austrian industrial workers and their families in Warri, Nigeria, participated in this study; 101 received Fansimef and 110 chloroquine for 3-18 months (mean 41 weeks). Prophylaxis was discontinued because of adverse effects in 7 volunteers in the Fansimef group (mainly insomnia, palpitations, dizziness, nausea and headache) and in 2 volunteers of the chloroquine group (headache and loss of hair in one volunteer, nausea, dizziness and vomiting in the other). Most of the adverse effects could be due to the mefloquine component. A few minor complaints of burning eyes, nausea and gastric pain were reported in both groups. Laboratory checks performed at 3-monthly intervals showed a slight, transient and clinically irrelevant (but statistically significant) increase of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase at month 3 in the Fansimef group. An attack of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurred in one volunteer 6 weeks after discontinuation of prophylaxis with Fansimef. Antibodies against blood stage parasites could be demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence test at different stages of the study, indicating that these two antimalarials are not causal prophylactic agents.
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PMID:Tolerability of long-term malaria prophylaxis with the combination mefloquine + sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (Fansimef): results of a double blind field trial versus chloroquine in Nigeria. 290 58

An open clinical study of ofloxacin in respiratory tract infections was conducted with patients receiving daily doses of ofloxacin 300 mg, 400 mg or 600 mg. The duration of treatment was 6 to 14 days for 70% of the patients. Ofloxacin was effective in 668 of 828 patients analysed (80.7%). Of 293 patients with upper respiratory infections, the efficacy rate was 85.3%. In 535 cases with lower respiratory infections, ofloxacin was effective in 78.1%. It is noteworthy that a 70% efficacy rate was obtained in 80 cases with intractable chronic diffuse panbronchiolitis primarily associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no difference in the efficacy rate among various daily doses or severity of infections. In lower respiratory infections the bacterial eradication rate was 80.9% for Gram-positive aerobes (including 80% for Staphylococcus aureus and 76.5% for Streptococcus pneumoniae) and 72.1% for Gram-negative aerobes (including 92.6% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 32.3% for P. aeruginosa and 97.1% for Haemophilus influenzae). Although there were no serious cases, adverse reactions were noted in 46 of 843 patients (5.5%): 38 cases (4.5%) of gastrointestinal tract reactions (nausea, vomiting, heartburn, etc.), 4 cases (0.5%) of hypersensitivity (e.g. eruption) and 19 (2.3%) of central nervous system effects (e.g. dizziness). Abnormal changes in laboratory findings included elevations of AST (1.2%) and ALT (1.5%) and an increase in the eosinophil count (1.7%).
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PMID:Ofloxacin in respiratory tract infection. A review of the results of clinical trials in Japan. 332 61

Breynia officinalis has the Chinese proprietary name, Chi R Yun, which means dizziness or vertigo for 7 d. In daily practice, it has been used to treat venereal diseases, contusion, heart failure, growth retardation and conjunctivitis in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines. Two hospital-based cases of Breynia officinalis poisoning have been reported to the Poison Control Center. Case 1 was a 43-y-old female who consumed a mixture of 1500 g lower stem and root of Ji Mu Ju in boiled water in a suicide attempt. Her AST reached 264 and ALT reached 2443. Case 2 was a 51-y-old female who consumed 20 pieces of lower stem and root of Ji Mu Ju stewed with meat and 100 ml of wine to treat chronic contact dermatitis. Her AST reached 3815 and ALT reached 6625. In both cases Breynia officinalis was identified as the cause of poisoning. Poisoning in humans involves the neurologic, gastrointestinal, hepatic, urinary and respiratory systems. Hepatotoxic effects have been reported for some Chinese herbal medicines, but not Breynia officinalis: Breynia officinalis poisoning causes hepatocellular liver injury rather than cholestatic liver injury.
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PMID:Hepatotoxicity caused by Breynia officinalis. 1193 10

The association between macroamylasaemia and coeliac disease in Down syndrome with multiple autoimmune abnormalities has never been reported. A 40-year-old woman with a 15-year history of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M hypergammaglobulinaemia, chronic diarrhoea, persistent mild aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation and anaemic syndrome was admitted to hospital because in the previous 3 months she had developed amenorrhoea, dizziness, alopecia, constipation, pallor and asthenia. Biochemical and immunological analyses showed macroamylasaemia. The patient presented clinical and intestinal histopathological features of coeliac disease. Immunological abnormalities included the presence of antigliadin, antiendomysium, antitransglutaminase, antinuclear, antismooth muscle and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Macroamylase resulted in a complex of amylase and immunoglobulin A. Later clinical follow-up of a gluten-free diet showed a transitory decrease in seric immunoglobulin A and macroamylase with persistent autoantibodies and AST elevation. An intestinal mucosal immune disorder could lead to coeliac disease and macroamylasaemia in a patient with Down syndrome presenting other immune alterations.
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PMID:Macroamylasaemia, IgA hypergammaglobulinaemia and autoimmunity in a patient with Down syndrome and coeliac disease. 1273 20

Sodium azide poisonings occur very rarely. The mechanism of sodium azide toxic effect has not yet been fully explained. Despite the lack of an explicit procedure for the cases of sodium azide poisonings, in vitro tests and rare case reports suggest that treatment with antidotes for cyanide poisoning victims can be effective. This study describes two cases of suicidal sodium azide ingestion. Case 1. 30-year-old male ingested ca. 180 mg of sodium azide. On admission to hospital, within 4 hours from poisoning, the man complained of dizziness and anxiety. Physical examination revealed horizontal nystagmus, flapping tremor, HR 135/min. In laboratory tests, higher blood concentration of lactates (3 mmol/l) was detected, as well as lower potassium concentration (3.4 mmol/L) and increased transaminase activity (ALT 74 U/l, AST 90 U/l). Electrocardiographic tests showed a negative T wave in limb lead III. Other results were within normal. As the patient ingested a toxic dose of sodium azide, he was treated according to the therapy prescription for cyanide poisoning (amyl nitrite inhalation followed by intravenous administration of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulphate). ECG record of the last day of hospitalization (7th day of treatment) showed negative T waves in lead III, V4-V6. He was discharged from hospital in good condition. Case 2.23-year-old male ingested 10 g of sodium azide 1.5 hours prior to admission to hospital. At the beginning, the patient's condition was good, but it changed to critical state within the first hours of hospitalization. He developed a deep coma, respiratory and circulatory insufficiency, metabolic acidosis, cardiac dysrrhythmias and anuria. Cardiac activity monitoring showed alternating tachycardia (140 beats per minute) and bradycardia (48 beats per minute), numerous additional supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles and sinus dysrrhythmia. Cardiac arrest (asystolia) occurred twice, the second incident with fatal outcome. The patient received supportive therapy, he was also treated according to the therapy prescription for cyanide poisoning. Circulatory disturbances observed in both cases have been described in literature as symptoms of sodium azide poisoning. However, available literature data are scarce and lack systematization, most of them coming from several decades ago. The lack of patient's consent for detailed examination of circulatory system and liver made it impossible to gather further knowledge on the subject. The efficacy of treatment with antidotes for cyanide poisoning has not been unequivocally determined for this kind of intoxication.
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PMID:[Sodium azide--clinical course of the poisoning and treatment]. 1772 2

Isopropanol (IPA) is a volatile solvent that is used in many industrial process. The major symptoms of acute isopropanol toxicity include dizziness, incoordination, headache, hypothermia, eye ataxia, irritation of upper respiratory tract and shortness of breath. Vomiting, hematemesis, diarrhoea and hypotension may occur following accidental ingestion of IPA. No data regarding subchronic or chronic toxicity of IPA were identified. The aim of this study was to measure the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and of gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) of the last five years in 40 printer workers after the removal of IPA from the industry. The serum levels of ALT, AST and gamma-GT were higher in the exposed workers than in non exposed. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the removal of IPA from the industry had a positive health effect improving the hepatic function of the workers.
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PMID:[Modifications of hepatic transaminases in workers exposed to low doses of isopropanol]. 1840 81

Trichloroethylene-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis is one of the serious occupational health events in China, however, little is known about the clinical features and possible mechanism of this disorder. The objective of the present study was to report some typical trichloroethylene-induced dermatitis patients and investigate their occupational exposure as well as the clinical features. We sampled and tested some cleaning agents from the companies where TCE-induced skin disorder occurred, the trichloroethylene concentrations were also monitored in the workplace air. Additionally, the symptoms, signs and laboratory test results of patients were collected. TCE concentrations varied from 10.2% to 91.4% in the cleaning agent by gas chromatography-mass chromatography analysis, and TCE levels in the workplace air ranged between 18 mg/m(3) and 683 mg/m(3), at most sampled sites TCE levels were higher than China national health standard for TCE. The trichloroethylene exposure time of the patients was 5-90 days (average 38.2 d), the patients with headache, dizziness, skin itch, fever were 90.5%, 100%, 100%, and 61.9%, respectively. 85.7% patients had skin erythema, 90.5% with rashes, and 38.1% with blisters. In addition, liver enlargement occurred in 3 patients, the abnormal rate of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (T-Bil) were 90.5%, 85.7% and 76.2%, respectively. 6 out of 15 patients were with abnormal electrocardiogram, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) elevated in 14 patients (66.7%). Taken together, the major detrimental effect of trichloroethylene was to induce hypersensitivity dermatitis and liver dysfunction, the occurrence of this disorder is likely related to the individual hypersensitivity to trichloroethylene exposure.
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PMID:Severe hypersensitivity dermatitis and liver dysfunction induced by occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. 1936 38

Levofloxacin (LVFX), a fluoroquinolone agent, has a broad spectrum that covers Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and atypical pathogens. It demonstrates good clinical efficacy in the treatment of various infections, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral LVFX 500 mg once daily, a large open-label clinical trial was conducted in 1266 patients (899 with LRTIs and 367 with UTIs) at 32 centers in China. In the per-protocol population, the clinical efficacy rate (cure or improvement) at 7 to 14 days after the end of treatment was 96.4% (666/691) for LRTIs and 95.7% (267/279) for UTIs. In 53 patients diagnosed with atypical pneumonia the treatment was effective. The bacteriological efficacy rate was 96.6% (256/265) for LRTIs and 93.3% (126/135) for UTIs. The eradication rate of the causative pathogens was 100% (33/33) for Haemophilus influenzae and 96.0% (24/25) for Streptococcus pneumoniae in LRTIs, and 94.1% (80/85) for Escherichia coli in UTIs. The overall efficacy rates were 89.3% (617/691) for LRTIs and 87.8% (245/279) for UTIs. The incidence of drug-related adverse events (ADRs) was 17.3% (215/1245), and the incidence of drug-related laboratory abnormalities was 15.7% (191/1213). Common ADRs were dizziness, nausea, and insomnia. Common laboratory abnormalities included "WBC decreased", "alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased", "aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased", and "lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased". All of these events were mentioned in the package inserts of fluoroquinolones including LVFX, and most events were mild and transient. Thirty-four patients (2.7%) were withdrawn from the study because of the ADRs. No new ADRs were found. This study concluded that the dosage regimen of LVFX 500 mg once daily was effective and tolerable for the treatment of LRTIs and UTIs.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of oral levofloxacin 500 mg once-daily dosage for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections: a prospective multicenter study in China. 1985 68

Owing to the insidious course and variable presentation, Wilson disease is often diagnosed months to years after the initial symptoms. Although fulminant hepatitis with nonimmune hemolytic anemia is frequently reported, chronic mild hepatitis can occur with bouts of transient hemolytic anemia. We report a 16-year-old female who presented with fatigue, dizziness, and new onset jaundice. She had a hemolytic anemia, although diagnosis of Wilson disease was initially confounded by a family history of autoimmunity with a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and only mildly elevated bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase. Macrocytosis, poor liver synthetic function, and low serum alkaline phosphatase led to the diagnosis.
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PMID:Acute nonimmune hemolytic anemia without fulminant hepatitis in Wilson disease. 2151 16


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