Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

ADD 94057, a metabolite of fluzinamide, manufactured by the A. H. Robins Company, blocks chemically- and electrically-induced seizures in animals. The primary objective of this open add-on study was to evaluate patient tolerability of ADD 94057 at ascending target plasma concentrations. Nine subjects with medically refractory seizures were receiving phenytoin (PHT, 3), carbamazepine (CBZ, 3), or both (3). A pharmacokinetic profile after a single oral 400-mg dose of ADD 94057 was used to calculate ADD 94057 dosages. After a 4-week baseline period, patients were treated for 4 weeks with weekly ADD 94057 dosage escalations. Two patients completed the study at their assigned highest dosage level; the other patients finished the study at lower dosages. The patients receiving PHT (but not CBZ) tolerated higher plasma concentrations of ADD 94057 than did patients receiving CBZ, alone or in combination with PHT. Adverse experiences included headache, ataxia, blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness, lightheadedness, and mild confusion. Eight of nine patients had reductions in seizure frequency from baseline.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic and dose tolerability study of ADD 94057 in comedicated patients with partial seizures. 173 43

Three hundred and forty seven patients with epilepsy from 54 centres across Europe not fully controlled with sodium valproate (VPA, n = 117), carbamazepine (CBZ, n = 129), phenytoin (PHT, n = 92) or phenobarbital (PB, n = 9) monotherapy were recruited into a lamotrigine (LTG) substitution study. If 50% or more seizure reduction occurred (responders) on addition of LTG, an attempt was made to withdraw the original antiepileptic drug (AED). If successful, this was followed by a 12 week period of LTG monotherapy. Overall, 73% patients completed the add-on phase (47% responders), 41% attempted AED withdrawal and 23% achieved LTG monotherapy. In the 60 patients (17%) completing the trial by remaining on LTG monotherapy, median monthly seizure frequency was reduced from 6 during baseline to 1.7. Sixteen percent of patients were withdrawn due to adverse effects, mostly during the add-on phase. Dizziness and diplopia occurred most frequently in the CBZ group, nervousness and ataxia in the PHT group, and rash and tremor in the VPA group. Slower LTG dose escalation resulted in fewer withdrawals due to rash in the VPA-treated patients (38% to 8%, P < 0.01). The responder rate was higher (P < 0.01) in patients with idiopathic tonic-clonic seizures (61%) than in those with partial seizures (43%). The addition of LTG to VPA (64% responders) produced a significantly better response (P < 0.001) than adding it to CBZ (41% responders) or PHT (38% responders). This effect was seen for partial (VPA, 57%; CBZ, 39%; PHT, 39%; P < 0.02) as well as tonic-clonic seizures (VPA, 70%; CBZ, 53%; PHT, 50%; NS). These data lend credence to the suggestion of therapeutic synergy between LTG and VPA.
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PMID:Lamotrigine substitution study: evidence for synergism with sodium valproate? 105 Study Group. 912 23