Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 40 patients with postherpetic neuralgia were given single oral doses of clonidine, 0.2 mg, codeine, 120 mg, ibuprofen, 800 mg, or inert placebo. Pain relief and side effects were recorded for 6 hours. Patients reported significantly more relief after clonidine than after the other three treatments. Codeine and ibuprofen were ineffective. Sedation, dizziness, and other side effects were more frequent after clonidine (74%) or codeine (69%) than after placebo (36%) or ibuprofen (28%). Reported pain relief was greater during trials in which side effects were present. A single, mild side effect was associated with as much additional pain relief as multiple, severe side effects. Clonidine's superiority to codeine, which had a similar incidence of side effects, argues for a specific analgesic effect. In addition, side effects may have contributed to clonidine analgesia, perhaps by suggesting to patients that they had received a potent drug.
 ...
PMID:Association of pain relief with drug side effects in postherpetic neuralgia: a single-dose study of clonidine, codeine, ibuprofen, and placebo. 328 74

The analgesic response to codeine of patients with postpartum uterine-cramp pain has recently met with controversy. To readdress this question, we conducted a new study comparing codeine sulfate, 60 mg (N = 32) and 120 mg (N = 31), with aspirin, 650 mg (N = 34), and placebo (N = 32) in hospitalized women with moderate or severe postpartum uterine cramps treated with single oral doses in a parallel, stratified, randomized, double-blind trial. Subjective reports were used as indices of response, and patients rated pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects at periodic, uniformly conducted interviews for 6 hr. Most measures of analgesia exhibited important differences among the treatments. In patients with undifferentiated pain (N = 129) and in a subset of patients with pure uterine cramps (N = 56; i.e., no concomitant episiotomy), aspirin showed the greatest response, whereas codeine responses were equivocal with no evidence of a positive dose response. In contrast, in a subset of patients with mixed episiotomy-uterine pain (N = 73), 120 mg codeine showed good separation from placebo and compared favorably with aspirin. Codeine, 60 mg, showed a similar trend, and there was a strong suggestion of dose-dependent analgesia. Side effects were not remarkable except for dizziness and drowsiness after 120 mg codeine in all sets and subsets of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Codeine and aspirin analgesia in postpartum uterine cramps: qualitative aspects of quantitative assessments. 661 71

Codeine is widely prescribed in clinical settings for the relief of pain and non-productive coughs. Common adverse drug reactions to codeine include constipation, euphoria, nausea, and drowsiness. However, there have been few reports of serious adverse reactions after codeine ingestion in adults. Here, we present a case of severe anaphylaxis after oral ingestion of a therapeutic dose of codeine. A 30-year-old Korean woman complained of the sudden onset of dyspnea, urticaria, chest tightness, and dizziness 10 minutes after taking a 10-mg dose of codeine to treat a chronic cough following a viral infection. She had previously experienced episodes of asthma exacerbation following upper respiratory infections, and had non-atopic rhinitis and a food allergy to seafood. A skin prick test showed a positive response to 1-10 mg/mL of codeine extract, with a mean wheal size of 3.5 mm, while negative results were obtained in 3 healthy adult controls. A basophil histamine release test showed a notable dose-dependent increase in histamine following serial incubations with codeine phosphate, while there were minimal changes in the healthy controls. Following a CYP2D6 genotype analysis, the patient was found to have the CYP2D6*1/*10 allele, indicating she was an intermediate metabolizer. An open label oral challenge test was positive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient presenting with severe anaphylaxis after the ingestion of a therapeutic dose of codeine, which may be mediated by the direct release of histamine by basophils following exposure to codeine.
...
PMID:A Case of Codeine Induced Anaphylaxis via Oral Route. 2440